Robert超强的中考英语语法非谓语动词总结与真题练习(共14页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上课 题非谓语动词学习目标掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中的作用考点及考试要求掌握不定式、动名词作宾语，不定式和分词作宾补的惯用结构、时态形式教学内容【知识框架图】【知识点回顾】难度系数：D动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。考点要求：1、掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中的作用2、区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同3、掌握不定式、动名词作宾语，不定式和分词作宾补的惯用结构4、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形

2、式5、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。（一）动词不定式的特征及用法1.动词不定式的构成及特征“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1. 作主语例如：To learn Englis

3、h well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用forIt is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.2. 作表语My wish is to become a teacher.3. 作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4. 作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.5. 作定语I ha

4、ve nothing to say about that thing.6. 作状语He stopped to have a look.3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形例如： He asked me not to make such a mistake.4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. （不定式作宾语

5、） (2) How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语） (3) The question is when to go there. （不定式作表语）（二）动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1 一般式to do例如：I like to read English.2 进行式to be doing例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done例如：He seemed to have cl

6、eaned the room.4 被动式to be done例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成被动式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二、分词分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。（一）分词的作用分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如：1作定语Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read

7、 the book written by Lu Xun？2作表语We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作状语While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子

8、的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。（二）分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式 being done被动完成式 having been doneThis is one

9、 of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（四）分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带

10、逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the room.三、动名词动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如： Smoking does great harm to peoples health. （作主语） My job is looking after children. （作

11、表语） I have finished reading the novel. （作宾语） We have got a swimming pool in our school. （做定语）动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如：He made me angry by not taking the medicine.动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：Would you mind my opening the door?动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。例如：We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)Do

12、 you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生）动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.She attended the party without being invited.【课堂练习】一、选择题1.(2010潍坊中考)At least 300 million people are using QQ_ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.A. createB. createsC. crea

13、tingD. created【解析】选D2.（2010成都中考）Wheres your brother now, Bob? -I saw him _in the street a moment ago and I told him_.A. playing ; dont do soB. playing; not to so C. play; to do so【解析】选B3.（2010通化中考）The woman made his son_ finally after she told him some jokes.A. laughedB. to laughC. laughD. laughing【

14、解析】选C4.（2010河南中考）Father often tells me too much time on computer games. A. dont spend B. not spend C. not to spend D. not spending【解析】选C5.（2010黄冈中考）How would your family like to travel? -Its a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks _to travel.A. to d

15、riveB. to drivingC. drivingD. drive【解析】选B6.（2010聊城中考）The teachers often tell their pubils _ across the road when the traffic light is red.A. not goB. not to goC. dont goD. didnt go【解析】选B7.（2010陕西中考）Dont forget _an umbrella _you.Its going to rain.A. to take; toB.taking;to C.to take;with D.taking;with

16、【解析】选C8.（2010梧州中考）English is very important,so I practice_it very hard.A.speaksB.to speakC.speakingD.speak【解析】选C9.（2010莱芜中考）Most of the young people enjoy _ Jay Chous songs. Asing Bsang Csinging Dto sing【解析】选C10.（2010哈尔滨中考）As teenagers, were old enough _ with housework. We can help set the table, wa

17、sh the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped【解析】选A11. (2009德州中考) When he arrived at the office, he found all the workers _.A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 【解析】选A。find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”。12. (2009宁夏中考) She wont let her daughter _ by the river.A. play B. play

18、s C. to play D. playing【解析】选A 13. (2009齐齐哈尔中考) -Would you mind my _ here?-Sorry, youd better not.A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking【解析】选C。三个选项是动词smoke的三种形式，结合问句中的“Would you mind”可排除A、B二项。“Would you mind me/my doing.?”句型，表示“我做你介意吗？”。14. (2009潍坊中考) Would you like to go fishing with me?-I dont feel like i

19、t. I would rather _ at home and have a sleep.A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed【解析】选A【真题剖析】15. (2009锦州中考) When we practice speaking English, we often end up _ in Chinese. A. to speak B. speaking C. spoken D. speak【解析】选B。end up doing sth.表示“结束做某事”，故正确答案为B。16. (2009绍兴中考) Is Jack in the library?-M

20、aybe. I saw him _ out with some books just now.A. going B. go C. to go D. went【解析】选B。由关键词saw him可知联想到see sb. do sth.和see sb. doing sth.两个句式。结合提中所给信息just now可知题意为“我刚才看见他带着一些书出去了”，表示“看见某人做过某事”要用see sb. do sth.，do为省略to的动词不定式，故选B。17. (2009雅安中考) Sam likes cars. He enjoys _ all kinds of model cars.A. coll

21、ects B. collecting C. to collect D. collected【解析】选B18. (2009广东中考) The old man is ill and he doesnt feel like _.A. to eat something B. to eat anythingC. eating something D. eating anything【解析】选D。feel like后面接动词时要用动词-ing形式，先排除A、B二项；另在否定句中要用anything，故舍C选D。19. (2009兰州中考) Why not _ your teacher for help w

22、hen you cant finish _ it by yourself?A. ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; write【解析】选C。why not后面接省略to的动词不定式，即动词原形，先排除B、D二项；另finish后面接动词时要接动词-ing形式，故舍A选C。20. (2009深圳中考) -How about _ in the river with us? -Sorry I cant. My parents often tell me _ that. A. swim, dont do B. swim, t

23、o do C. swimming, not do D. swimming, not to do 【解析】选D。介词about后面接动词时用动名词形式，先排除A、B二项；另tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，故舍C选D。21. (2009宿迁中考) The young man used to _ to work, but he is used to _ to work now. A. drive; walking B. drove; walked C. drive; walks D. driving; walk【解析】选A。used to意为“过去常常”，后

24、面接动词原形，先排除B、D二项；另be used to意为“习惯”，其中to是介词，后面接动名词，故舍C选A。22. (2008乌兰察布中考) Wheres Mr. Yu, do you know? -Well, its hard to say. But I heard him _ loudly here just now.A. was reading B. reading C. had read D. to read【解析】选B。hear sb. doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事”，而hear sb. do sth.表示“听见某人做过或经常做某事”。结合题意可选B。23. (20

25、08黄石中考) Why are you so worried?-I had my MP4 _ yesterday.A. steal B. stole C. stealing D. stolen 【解析】选D。“have+宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾语与其后的过去分词为被动关系，表示“请/让别人做某事 (自己不参与) ”，分析题意可选出正确答案为D。24. (2008自贡中考) -What about hiking this Sunday?-Great. Id like with you.A. to go, going B. going, going C. going, to go【解析】选C。w

26、hat about后面接动词时要用动词-ing形式，Id like to do sth.表示“我想要做某事”。故正确答案为C。25. (2008黄冈中考) How do you feel when watching the national flag going up?-It makes me _ very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel【解析】选D。本题考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb. do sth.表示“使得某人做某事”，do为省略to的动词不定式。26. (2008重庆中考)During the Spring Festiv

27、al, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home.A. go B. goes C. went D. going【解析】选D。本题考查动名词的用法。stop sb. from doing sth.表示“阻止某人做某事”。27. (2008黄石中考) Why are you so worried?-I had my MP4 _ yesterday.A. steal B. stole C. stealing D. stolen 【解析】选D28. (2008山西中考) -_ you _ take a bus to school?-Yes.

28、But now I usually go to school on foot.A. Did; use to B. Were; used to C. Do; use to 【解析】选A。结合关键信息“Yes”和“But now I usually go to school on foot.”可推断出上句题意为“你过去常常乘公共汽车上学吗？”，故要用used to的一般疑问句，排除B、C二项，选A。29. (2008乌兰察布中考) Wheres Mr. Yu, do you know? -Well, its hard to say. But I heard him _ loudly here ju

29、st now.A. was reading B. reading C. had read D. to read【解析】选B30. (2008莆田中考) If you feel tired, you may stop _.A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest 【解析】选B。stop doing sth.表示“停止做正在做的事情”，而stop to do sth.表示“停止做正在做的事情开始做另外一件事”。31. (2008咸宁中考) -_ did you tell him about the news?-By _ an e-mail.

30、A. How; sending B. How; send C. How; sent D. What; sending【解析】选A32. (2008莱芜中考) -You arent a stranger, are you?-_, dont you remember _ me at the school gate ten minutes ago?A. Yes; to see B. No; seeing C. No; saw D. Yes; seeing【解析】选B。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，remember to do sth.表示“记得将要做某事”，结合关键信息

31、dont you remember和ten minutes ago可确定答案为B。33. (2008漳州中考) In the movie Love Me Once More, Mom is moving. -Yes. Every time I see it, I cant help _. A. cry B. crying C. to cry D. cried 【解析】选B。cant help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”。34. (2008宿迁中考) The words that we should pay attention to _ on the blackboard.A. b

32、eing written B. are written C. is writing D. writing【解析】选D。pay attention to后面接动词要用动词-ing形式。35. (2008泰州中考) She used to _ with her parents, but now she is used to _ with her classmates at school.A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D. living; live【解析】选A36. (2008北京中考)-Linda, when shall we ta

33、ke a walk?-After I finish _ the dishes.A. wash B. washed C. to wash D. washing 【解析】选D。finish后面接动词时要用动词-ing形式。【知识点迁移】英语词类与句子成分关系图： 句子成分 词类或短语主语*谓语宾语*表语*定语*状语*宾语 补足语名词代词形容词数词动词时态语态形式动词不定式动名词动词现在分词动词过去分词副词介词短语 注释 1、“”表示某种词类可以充当某个成分, “”表示某种词类经常充当某个成分, “”表示某种词类最经常充当某个成分。 “”表示某种词类不能充当某个成分。 2、“ * ”表示该成分可以由

34、从句充当,如主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。【课堂小结】复习时需注意的要点1 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。例如：I saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生） I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）2不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Im sorry to have broken your glasses.3不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the

35、 table.4不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.The cinema is said to have been built last year.5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式 例如：I hate eating the same fo

36、od every day. Would you like to watch TV in the evening?6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。 例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned. He needs to clean the house first.7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。 例

37、如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage. I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。 例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.10.

38、 分词作状语时， 分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。 例如：Having finished his composition, he went home. While looking through the paper, he found some errors.【课后作业】( )1. More and more young people are trying to do something the old. A. served B. to serve C. serve D. serves(

39、 )2. Dont forget to Thank you! when someone opens the door for you. A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk( )3. Its a good habit a walk after dinner. A. to come B. to be C. to take D. to go( )4. We saw a UFO on the square in my dream. A. to drop B. land C. wear D. to fly( )5. -Dont forget my parents when y

40、ou are in Beijing. -OK! I wont A. to see B. sees C. seeing( )6. The teacher asked Ben a difficult question in class.A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered( )7. Franks mother told him too much sugar because it is bad for his teeth. A. to eat B. not to eat C. eat( )8. -Why did you buy a radio? - English. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning( )9. A mobile phone of this type costs too much. Youd better A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( )10. -May I listen to the music here, Mr. White? -Sorry, youd better it like that. A. not to do B. not do C. dont