英语：选修11-Units1-5全册知识点汇总(新人教版)(共17页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上选修11 Units1-5全册知识点汇总（新人教版）Unit1scarce adjmake oneself scarce 离开，退避That bird has become scarce in this country. Food and water are scarce and expensive in the flooded area.scarcely adv. 表示“几乎不，仅仅”，与when连用时，意思和“hardlywhen”相同都表示“一就”，置于句首时，用部分到状结构 He had scarcely escaped when he was recaptu

2、red =Scarcely had he escaped when he was recaptured(重新捕获) I scarcely have leisure time to play tennis this afternoon.=Scarcely do I have leisure time to play tennis this afternoon.treaty n。条约，协定be in treaty with 和 . 交涉中，make treaty 立约, 订合同，The peace treaty between the two countries was signed.He had

3、 no difficulty in persuading parliament to approve the treaty.insure v.表示“给保险，确保”，常与against连用，即insure sb. against sth.It is advisable to insure your life against accident. Carefulness insures you against errors. insurance n. 表示“保险”an insurance company 保险公司 have insurance for sth 投保 I bought another

4、safety lock as an additional insurance against thieves. He claimed to be an insurance salesman but later was found to be a fraud.consultant n. 表示“顾问, 商议者, 咨询者”The consultant committee met at the call of the chairman.I work as a consultant with an overseas investment company.consult vt. 表示“查阅；咨询”cons

5、ult sb. about sth 向某人咨询某事，I consulted George about buying a car.Before going on a diet, it is advisable to consult your doctor. consultation n. 表示“商量，咨询会”， The doctors held a consultation to decide whether an operation was necessary.extensive adj“广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的”，extensive reading 泛读The school has ext

6、ensive playing fields.Scientists has done extensive research into the causes of cancer.extent n. 表示“程度，范围，大小”；to a great extent “在很大程度上” The complains were to a large extent valid. 投诉大体上都是有根据的。to some/a certain extent “在某种程度上”I agree with you to some extent.extend vi 表示“扩展，延伸” He extended his arms i

7、n front of him as if he were praying to God.wipe out1) 彻底摧毁；彻底消灭We want to wipe out the world hunger by the year 2010.2）（用布）擦净内部Just wipe out the fridge with the damp cloth(湿布子) 3）是筋疲力尽The early-morning meeting really wipe me out.take over表示“接管/接任什么”，Can you take over the cooking while I walk the do

8、g?Jane took over as director after her father retired. 相关短语： take away 带走，拿走；take down 记下，写下：take for当作；误认为；take in收留，收容，欺骗 ；take off脱掉，起飞；take on 呈现； take up开始从事；专注于；not to mention “不必提及，更不必说”dont mention it 表示“不用谢，不客气” The weather here is excellent, not to mention the wonderful food.Thanks for you

9、r help. Dont mention it.mention vt. 表示“提到；说到” Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to the garden hasnow increased. On the telephone, he mentioned that he had been ill. get around1)走动，旅游At the age of 85 Milly still get around very well.2)消息等）传播It didnt take long for t

10、he news of his resignation to get around.不久，大家就都知道了她辞职的消息。3)找到解决问题的办法There are ways of getting around the tax rules.短语：get around to （doing）sth. 做事先计划好的事情I meant to call you, but somehow I never got around to do it.我本想给你打电话，但不知为什么就没打成。We must get around to cleaning those windows.我们必须开始擦这些窗户了。Unit2de

11、tectiven. 表示“侦探”，也可以用作adj. 表示“侦探的”，Im reading a detective story about Sherlock Holmes.The police sometimes asked the private detective called Sherlock Holmes for help.detect vt. 表示“发觉; 侦查; 探测”，detect sb. in (doing). 发觉某人在做(坏事) We have the technology which can detect the earthquakes.The dentist could

12、 detect no decay（龋齿） in her teeth.Do I detect a note of irony in your voice? 听起来你是在说反话吧？stain n.a stain on sb.s character /reputation 声誉上的污点； stainless adj. 纯洁的，无污点的 There was a dark stain on the carpet. A stain caused by blood is hard to remove.stain vt. vi.表示“污染；玷污”，be stained with sth 污染了某物 The c

13、offee stained his shirt brown. =His shirt was stained brown with the coffee.abnormal adj表示“不正常的，反常的”，如: We do not think such an abnormal phenomenon will last long. That he didnt come was simply abnormal.abnormality n. 表示“异常; 变态，异常的人或物”，abnormally adv. “反常地, 不规则地”，如：Both children have abnormally high

14、 levels of lead in their blood. emergency n. 表示“突然事件; 紧急情况”，in an emergency 遇到紧急情况，如: It is illegal to use the fire alarm except in an emergency.The club is facing a financial emergency now.emergence n. 表示“出现，被认可，摆脱”，常与介词of , from连用，如：The emergency of English as an international language makes it be

15、come more important.The companys emergency from bankruptcy(破产) became a pensate v.“补偿，弥补”，与介词for 连用，compensate sb. for 为向某人赔偿, 如：This payment more than compensates for what we have lost.They were not likely be compensated for the damage to the pensation n. 表示“补偿，赔偿（金）”in compensation for 以.为报酬， She

16、was awarded $200,000 compensation fir injuries. Equal compensation should be given to men and women for equal work.surplus adj表示“过剩的, 剩余的”，只作定语，be surplus to requirement 供过于求， They should use the surplus cash to help the people who need it.Lose those surplus fats with our new diet plan.用作名词，表示“过剩，剩余

17、” Keep one of the liquid and throw away the surplus.Congress is debating whether to spend the budget surplus.remark n. 表示“议论, 评论”,也用作名词，make a remark 发表评论， This is quite delicious” , she remarked to her host.People often remark on how alike John and his brother look.remarkable adj. 表示“值得注意的， 显著的” Th

18、e play has been a remarkable success. It is remarkable that no one has complained about this system before.candidate n. 表示“候选者，应试者”，常与介词for连用 The candidates must have the ability to speak another foreign language fluently.It is the first time that he has become the candidate for the award for best a

19、ctor.furnish v. 表示“供应, 供给；为配备”be furnished with 配备 All the parents will furnish all their children need. The house is well furnished, which must have cost a lot of money. furniture n. 家具，不可数名词，如：a piece of furniture 一件家具;a set of furniture 一套家具compensate v.“补偿；弥补” 经常和介词for 连用This payment more than c

20、ompensates for what we have lost.这一项付款用来弥补我们的损失绰绰有余。Lack of confidence is often compensated for by an aggressive manner.信心的缺乏往往会用咄咄逼人的姿态来掩饰。compensation n. “补偿金；赔偿金”give sb. compensation trend n.“潮流；趋势”后面常和介词to/toward搭配，有时也用inWe have seen a trend towards more violent films this year.我们看到今年电影有向更加暴力的方

21、向发展的趋势。Todays figures continue the upward trend in the stock market.今天的股市趋势继续呈上升趋势。其他短语：reverse a trend 扭转趋势set a trend 引领潮流furnish常见结构：1）be furnished withHer study was furnished with an antique desk and chair.她的书房配备有一套古董桌椅。2）furnish sb. with sth.Lyalls evidence may have furnished police with a vita

22、l clue.莱尔的证据可能给警方提供了一条极其重要的线索。make of sth./ sb.表示“理解，了解” I dont know what to make of our new teacher.What do you make of this news? 其它词组：make use of 表示“利用”，make the most of 表示“充分利用” George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his time to learn.I want to make sth of my new life here.Unit3harmo

23、ny“融洽; 协调，和谐”， be in harmony with “与.协调一致”In a beautiful picture there is harmony between the different colors. They worked in perfect harmony. harmonious adj. “和睦的， 友好的” Everyone should make contributions to build a harmonious society.Ours is a harmonious familycope强调结果“成功处理完了” How would we cope on

24、ce the money had run out? She knows how to cope with a complicated situationcope with表示“同.较量， 应付， 对付”， 相当于to deal with successfully No one can cope with him in English. We have the ability to cope with unexpected disasters.let down表示“使失望，辜负” The families of the victims feel that the judgment has let

25、 them down.She is a great player, and never lets her team down. 相关短语：let alone 更不用说； let loose 放走，释放；let out 发出，泄漏， let sb. off允许某人不做某事，从轻处理 I hardly have time to think these days, let alone relax.I was pulled over for speeding, but I was let off with a warning fulfill表示“满足；实现”，也表示“执行；履行”，to fulfill

26、 ones promise履行诺言His belief that the world would end was not fulfilled. If hes lazy, hell never fulfill his ambition to achieve anything.They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours. fulfilled adj. 表示“满足的， 有成就感的”，fulfilling adj. 表示“令人满足的”， fulfillment n. 表示“满足感， 履行” The Partys organization

27、al work ensured the fulfillment of its political tasks.Human desires are not always fulfilled.interval表示“间隔，中间休息” The normal interval between our meeting is one month.He visits me at regular intervals.短语：at intervals 不时, 时时；in the intervals 不一会儿, 不久； at long intervals 偶尔, 间或；at regular intervals 每隔一

28、定时间; subscribe v.表示“赞同； 订阅; 署名； 捐献”，常与to连用Do you subscribe to that philosophers belief?Do you plan to subscribe to these magazines?He subscribed his name to the contract immediately. subscription n. 表示“订阅费， 捐赠款，签名” He paid his subscription by bankers order. The institute was built with the help of t

29、he public subscriptions.glory n.表示“自豪，得意”，glory in 表示“以为荣”，也用作n.表示“光荣, 荣誉” Now he is at the top of his fame and glory.It will cost a lot of money to rebuild the castle to its previous glory.glorious adj. 表示“光荣的，辉煌的”， The Chinese people have a glorious peace-loving tradition.We have won a glorious vi

30、ctory in the 29th Olympic Games.withdraw v.表示“收回，撤回； 变得沉默寡言，冷漠” The injury has forced Liuxiang to withdraw from the competition.It has not been decided when the American troops will withdraw from Iraq.withdrawal n. 表示“取消，收回；沉默寡言”make a withdrawal 提款withdrawn adj. “沉默寡言的，孤僻的” Their withdraw of suppor

31、t forced the minister to resign.You can make a withdrawal from most cash machines.sake n.表示“ 目的, 利益, 缘故”， for the sake of (=for ones sake) “为了.起见, 为了.,” I hope you are not doing this just for the sake of the money.The regulation is not just for the protection of the workers, but also for the sake of

32、 thewhole community.更多短语：for any sake 好歹, 无论如何；for consciences sake 为了对得起良心；for Gods / heavens sake 看在上帝的面上做做好事吧! ；without sake 无缘无故, 毫无理由pursuit n.常与介词of 连用 in ones pursuit of happiness 追求幸福Increased inflation would have resulted from the pursuit of this policy.pursue v. 表示“追求，追究， 奉行” He pursued th

33、e river to its source. We have always pursued a friendly policy towards the people all over the world.Unit4split v.表示“分开，把划分”，也表示“切开，撕裂”，split up (into) “(使)分裂; 分成(小组)”Just split the cake into three parts and leave one piece for Simon.In the past people began to split up a hill to let the water thro

34、ugh. 区别：split的过去式和过去分词还和原型一样；spilt 是spill的过去式和过去分词；表示“溢出，流出”He spilt coffee over the tablecloth.Its no use crying over spilt milk.violate v.表示“违犯, 破坏, 违反”，其名词形式：violation c/u 表示“违反，违背”； in violation of “违反”The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable（马厩）.The sound of guns violated the us

35、ual calm of Sunday morning. The number of traffic violation has increased.区别：crime，offence， violation 都含“不同程度违法行为”的意思。crime指“严重违反成文法规或不成文法规的犯罪行为, 该罪犯应受到法律制裁”；offence 指“违反法规、教规或道德标准等的行为”, 其严重程度比 crime轻；violation指“违反规则、违背条约或侵犯权利等的行为” Theft or murder is a crime. The judge passed a light sentence on him

36、 because it was his first offence. The driver was fined for a speeding violation.temporary adj表示“暂时的, 临时的” temporary workers 临时工Dont worry. These measures are only temporary.区别：temporary ，temporal 都含“暂时的”意思temporary指“暂时的”、“临时的”temporal 指“暂存的”、“短暂的” temporary needs 暂时需要。temporal matters of but fleeti

37、ng moment 不过是转瞬即逝的一时性的事物。merciful adj表示“ 宽大的；仁慈的”The merciful king saved the young officers from death. He is accepted as a merciful man.mercy n. 表示“仁慈, 宽恕, 怜悯”，show mercy to sb. “对某人起了怜悯之心”at the mercy of “在.的掌握之中, 完全受.支配” They showed little mercy to the enemies. Its a mercy that the explosion happ

38、ened after the theatre.wrestle表示“与搏斗；把摔倒”， 常用词组：wrestle sb. to the ground “把某人摔在地上”wrestle with “费力的处理，费力的解决” The police wrestled the thief to the ground and arrested him.The boy shouldnt wrestle with such an experienced opponent. His fingers wrestled with the knot for some time.wrestling n. 表示“摔跤”

39、Are there any important wrestling skills?wear off表示“磨损; 损耗; 逐渐消失”相关短语：wear away “磨损, (时间)消逝” wear out “穿旧；使疲惫不堪” The pains in his shoulder were starting to wear off.I got bored with the job once the novelty（新鲜感）wore off. She was worn out from looking after her elderly mother.wear vt.vi.表示“穿着； 佩戴”，用于

40、表示一种状态 Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-colored dress. People had to wear formal evening dress to go to the Mayors bat n.表示“斗争，战斗”，相当于battle, in combat 在战斗中 These medicines are important in the combat against diseases.Under simulated（模拟）combat conditions, f

41、ew people get bat vt. 表示“跟.作斗争，抗争” combat diseases与疾病作斗争Measures should be taken to combat global warming. dismay表示“使灰心, 使惊愕” What dismayed me most about their behaviors was their rudeness.I was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs. Bates. dismay用作 n.表示“沮丧；灰心”, to ones dismay 使某人惊慌/沮丧的是 Someo

42、ne stolen my house! she said in dismay. Local people expressed their dismay at the size of the pay rise.insignificant表示“无关紧要的；无用的” Dont waste time on insignificant points.I felt very insignificant in the company with such famous experts. insignificance n. 表示“不重要，无意义”，其反义词：significant adj. 表示“重要的, 值得

43、注意的”，相当于be of great significance, It reminds us of the insignificance of man in the whole process of producing.Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the last century.Unit5drop into表示“偶然进入， 顺便拜访”，drop sth into sth 把某物仍进 I dropped into a restaurant while walking on the street.He dropped a

44、 few coins into my hands.相关短语：drop in on sb. / at sth. 拜访某人/ 某地，drop out 退出，辍学 Drop in at our house for a visit sometime. Please drop in again whenever it is convenient for you.unsettlingadj表示“ 使人不安的; (消息)混乱的” The news that some kinds of milk powder are in poor quality is very unsettling.The report comes to some pretty unsettling conclusions.unsettled adj. 表示“未解决的， 紧张不安的”，unsettle vt. 表示“使紧张，使烦恼”，如：Some important issu