2018年考研英语二真题与答案(共30页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語（二）及答案Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? B

2、ecause humans have an inherent need to_1_ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will _2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will _3_.In a series of four experiments, behavi

3、oral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to _4_ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one _5_, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were fr

4、om a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would _6_ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. _7_ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them

5、 clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would _8_. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, _9_ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to _10_ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as

6、 the basic drives _11_ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can _12 _ new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such _ 13_ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_ t

7、hings is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _15_, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to _16_ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to _17_ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the _18_ _ of followin

8、g through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine_ 19_ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term _20_ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, dont read online comments.1. A. ignoreB. protectC. discussD. resolve2. A. refuseB. s

9、eekC. waitD. regret3. A. riseB. lastC. hurtD. mislead4. A. alertB. exposeC. tieD. treat5. A. trialB. messageC. reviewD. concept6. A. removeB. deliverC. weakenD. interrupt7. A. Unless B. IfC. WhenD. Though8. A. changeB. continueC. disappearD. happen9. A. such asB. rather thanC.regardless ofD. owing t

10、o10. A. disagreeB. forgiveC. discoverD. forget11.A. payB. foodC. marriageD. schooling12.A. begin withB. rest onC. lead toD. learn from13.A. inquiryB. withdrawalC. persistenceD. diligence14.A. self-deceptiveB. self-reliantC. self-evidentD. self-destructive15.A. traceB. defineC. replaceD. resist16.A.

11、concealB. overlookC. designD. predict17.A. chooseB. rememberC. promiseD. pretend18.A. reliefB. outcomeC. planD. duty19.A. howB. whyC. whereD. whether20.A.limitationsB. investmentsC. consequencesD. strategiesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the ques

12、tions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Ham

13、pshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this weeks cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be ut

14、terly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he

15、s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype . that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas ev

16、olution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all a

17、nd the subtle devaluing of anything less misses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, abachelors degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 per

18、cent of workers are adequately trained. In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the

19、 workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Koziateks school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is menti

20、oned to show students lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mind B. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically

21、successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps crea

22、te a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While

23、 fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sou

24、rces going on line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind t

25、urbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europ

26、e, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels especially coal as the path to

27、 economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation and where tech giants like Microsoft are being at

28、tracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt s shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around t

29、he clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go, the trend

30、 lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does or doesnt do to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

31、26. The word “plummeting” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to_.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It

32、 can be learned that in Iowa, _.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its applicati

33、on has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy_.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will

34、 accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods

35、 for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the Europea

36、n commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journ

37、alist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the onl

38、y way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a

39、 deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from

40、them and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bug

41、s called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both

42、 sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its A.digital productsB.user informationC.physical assetsD.quality service 32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _.A.worsen political disputes B.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead

43、the European commission33. According to the author, competition law _.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalance C.should not provide just one legal solution D.cannot keep pace with the changing market 34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Faceb

44、ook users because _.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers 35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate _.A.a win- win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern

45、among digital giants C.the benefits provided for digital giants customers D.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a hab

46、it of “deep work”,the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you ca

47、n throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. Newport also recommends “ deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctors appointment or important meeting ,he writes. Another approach to getting more down in less time is to