中考阅读之细节理解题与主旨大意题教案(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第一课：细节事实题与猜测词义题学习目标：通过本次课讲授，让学生熟练掌握如何做细节事实题及词义猜测题的方法学习重点难点：如何判定细节事实题及词义猜测题阅读理解重要性：1. 综合能力考查 2. 分值大，是决定中考成败的关键。各位同学大家好，我是清大世纪专职英语教师，很高兴大家来到这里齐聚一堂听我讲解中考阅读理解，提到阅读理解我想在座的同学们并不陌生，谁能站起来说下2010年中考阅读理解的题型：选择型阅读，还原句子型阅读以及任务型阅读。选择型阅读：选择型阅读共4篇，A B C D 篇，A B篇文章较为简单，学生可以锁定关键词直接找出答案；C D篇较难，学生必须经过认真研读才

2、能找到其正确答案。选择型阅读分为四种类型的题：1. 细节理解题 2. 词义猜测题3. 推理判断题 4. 主旨大意题还原句子型阅读：2010年的北京中考英语阅读理解添加了新题型，目的都是通过句子和文面的操作，考查考生对文章整体结构和逻辑连贯的整体把握。中、高考则是 “多句多处”，为多个萝卜选合适的坑，坑不足而萝卜有余。任务型阅读：任务型阅读的试题要求考生根据文章内容填写表格，或者是根据问题进行回答。该题的内容与考生的日常学习生活紧密相关，而且考生在答题过程的同时，也获取了有关如何简要记笔记的技巧和方法。这一点充分体现了考试即学习，考试即生活的原则。今天，我们就来着重讲下选择型阅读中的 细节事实题

3、 和词义判断题细节事实题考查内容：细节事实题主要考查对文章某个细节或事实的判断和理解，以考查学生根据文章的事实细节做出理解和判断的能力。多数题目通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生寻找信息的能力；有时候要求考生对事件发生的先后顺序进行排序；有时题干原文句子的变形或同义转换，有求考生首先找到题干信息。下面我们来看一道中考例题：例如：北京中考阅读C篇 The biggest challenge now is to find ways to bring the satellites back to the earth after a year or two. Otherwise, major high

4、ways of space junk could gradually increase as CubeSats become more common.60. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. CubeSats could possible cause pollution in space.B. A few kids will send applications for the project.C. Scientists designed CubeSats for the kid to play with.D.

5、 Students cant design satellites without college education.此题考查的是细节事实题，这道题是单词的同义转换，问题当中用的是“junk” 垃圾这个单词，答案中用的是“pollution”污染这个词，虽然形式不一样，但是却表达的是一个意思。由此我们可以总结出，凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式，用词和表达方式不同。不少同学也许会有疑问，怎么样才可以判断出此题考的是细节事实题呢？！别怕，我们现在来一起总结下细节事实题常见的提问方式有

6、那些：1. Which of the following is right? 2.Which of the following is not mentioned? 3.Which of the following is not true in the passage? 4.Which is the right order of this passage? 5.What does the author mention? 6. What is (not) mentioned in the passage? 7. According to the passage, the writer 判断细节事实

7、题的方法我们已经总结了，下面我们大家一起来分析一道题，这道题也是一道中考题，大家一起做一下我给你们2分钟时间。09年北京中考题 B篇 When you cough or sneeze, youd better turn your head away from others and cover your month with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me”.51.When you cough or sneeze, you should _A. touch everythingB. cover yo

8、ur mouthC. point out to the kidsD. pass the germs to others做此题较简单我们可以直接从原文中找出答案，答案只是对原文进行了同义转述。下面我给大家一篇文章，同学们把考查细节事实的题画出来，大家一起分析下In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was born. From China comes the belief that the year of birt

9、h influences ones personality. In the past century, a new belief has arisen: the idea that personality is related to ones ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular

10、and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.The blood-type personality theory (理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehji noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. The i

11、dea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged

12、between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition (迷

13、信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.1. The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain _.2. What does the underlined senten

14、ce in Paragraph 2 mean?3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?4. What is the best title for the passage?以上我们可以看出1、3题为细节事实题，此类型题比较简单；我们一起看下第2小题，不少同学会提出疑问第2题及第4题又属于什么类型的呢？好了，下面我们就来学习下第2题，此类型题为猜测词义题。词义猜测题考查内容：词义猜测题就是考查学生根据文章的内容和所学知识推测词义的能力。在阅读过程中常常会遇到生词、新短语或熟词新义，这是可以通过文章中出现的同义词、近义词或

15、反义词，结合构词法以及语法和语篇文脉结构，甚至结合上下文或在通篇理解的基础上去猜测发现其义。词义猜测题就是考查考生根据文章内容和所学知识推测词义的能力。06年北京中考C篇 But things are changing. High costs, unusual educational requirements and long start-up times are no longer an obstacle to space exploration. The scientists at Stanford University have developed a new type of tiny,

16、 inexpensive earth-orbiting satellites that go from ideas to launch (发射) in a year.59.What does the underlined word “obstacle” probably mean?A. An aim to achieve in the near future.B. An imagination that kids usually have.C. Something dangerous to terrify people.D. Something difficult that stands in

17、 the way.此题为猜测词义题，D选项是对obstacle的解释说明，是根据定义猜词义的。我们可以根据定义猜词义、根据近义词猜词义、根据情景和逻辑猜词义。下面我们来一起总结下常见的提问方式：1.The word “ ”in the passage probably means_ .2.The underline word “it” in the passage refers to_ .3.In this story the underline word “_”means_.4. Here “it” means_.例题：第二节课 主旨大意题学习目标：学习重点难点：主旨大意题要求考生掌握所读材

18、料的主旨和大意，它的一般范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意等。他要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度的概括或总结。主旨大意题可以分为三类：主题类、标题类及作者意图类。主题类常见的提问方式有：1. Which sentence best express the main idea?2. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?3. The passage is mainly about4. The passage mainly discusses5. The passage is concerned about6. Wha

19、t is the main topic of this passage?做主题类的答题技巧:1. 寻找主题句，从而抓住全段的中心思想。一般来说，每一个段落都有一个中心思想。代表本段中心思想的句子叫做主题句，其常见位置是段首第一句或第二句，但也有可能在段尾或段中。2. 概括全文，寻找文章的中心思想。 56. The passage is mainly about _ A. steps of studying science B. difficulties of reading science C. ways of reading science passage D. researches on

20、science and English,此题为主旨大意的考查，考生做这道题得从整体把握概括全文，在这个过程中，学生不能只依据只言片语或只看文章的某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章所写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析文章的写作方向是围绕什么中心来安排的。标题类常见的提问方式：1. The best title for the passage might be _2. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?做题技巧：1. 文章的标题是文章的眼睛，通过

21、这双眼睛我们可以略知文章的大意。给文章加个适当的标题，首先要把握好文章的大意。文章的标题实际是对文章大意最简洁的概括，标题与文章大意息息相关。2. 给文章一个适当的标题还应抓住文章的主题句。例题再现：4. What is the best title for the passage? AIs the blood-type theory popular? B. Is the personality changeable? C. Is it in your blood? D. Is it in your mind?此题为主旨大意的考查，做此类型题一定要把文章的大意和文章的主题句联系以来分析，从整体

22、把握全文。作者意图类常见提问方式：1. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _2. The passage is meant to _3. The authors purpose is to show _4. The purpose of the article is to _例题再现07年 56 What is the purpose of the article?A. To show that peanuts belong to the pea family.B. To advise us to use more peanut products.C. To tell us some new uses of peanuts.D. To tell us know more about peanuts. 主旨大意题。由全文的内容我们可以领会到一个有争议的话题，所以文章的题目就可以概括本文的主旨。此类型题不同于主题的考查，但他们有密切的关系。作者写作目的的解答必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，因为写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达这个中心主题，是作者写这篇文章的的意图。这类题的题干通常有：advise, propose, warn, intend, purpose等词。专心-专注-专业