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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上过去完成时定义过去完成时(pastperfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词.一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+hadnot.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,befo
2、re,bythetime+从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如:Bynineoclocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。例如:Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。Hesaidhehadworkedinthat
3、factorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Ididntknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:Ireturnedthebo
4、okthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。(5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。如when,befo
5、re,after,assoonas,till/until引导的例如:WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。Shedidntgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到
6、达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。(7)动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。例如:Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。(8)过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。例如:Hardlyhadhebeguntosp
7、eakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。时间状语before,when,after,by+,until,once,hadnosoonerthan,yet,already等。过去完成时-语法判定1.由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:(1)by+过去的时间点。如:Ihadfini
8、shedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。如:WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如:TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:(1)宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过
9、去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.2)状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意:before,after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after
10、本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本,未能Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.3.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadntseeneachothersincehewen
11、ttoBeijing.过去完成时的主要用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如:WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如:Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten发生在told之前)3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,j
12、ust,before,never等时间副词及by,before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。如:BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。如:Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyye
13、ars.(hadworked已有了20年,还有继续进行下去的可能)5.过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen,nosoonerthan(刚就),Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。e.g:Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了四、过去完成
14、时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have(has)+过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起,让你久等了。Oh,notatall.Ih
15、avebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)过去完成时专项练习1Heaskedme_duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What_Jane_bythetimehewassever?A.
16、did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I_900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She_livedherefor_years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesai
17、dshe_theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_themselves_thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompletedunivers
18、ity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He_toplay_beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.What_Annie_bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He_inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.h
19、asworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they_thebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_violin,buthelikesplaying_football.A.atheB.thetheC./theD.the/15.Bythetimehewas4,he_alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedof
20、fthelightsandthen_theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.They_inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.werelivin18.ThetrainfromBeijing_tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents_theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascle
21、anedD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie_theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished21.Theman_hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon22Mymother_inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.workedD.works23.Dad_whilehe_TV.A.fellasleepwatchB.wasfallingasleepwat
22、chedC.fellasleepwaswatchingD.hadfallenasleepwatched一.用动词的适当形式填空1.We_(paint)thehousebeforewe_(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_(make)awillbeforehe_(die).3.They_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_(leave)4.Therobbers_(runaway)beforethepolicemen_(arrive).5.I_(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI_(go)tobed.6.Paul_(go)ou
23、twithJaneafterhe_(make)aphonecall.7.Tom_(say)he_(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan_(fail)becausewe_(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman_(finish)speaking,he_(leave)thehall.10.TheReads_(have)lunchwhenI_(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI_(arrive)atthestation,he_(leave)12.We_(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastt
24、erm.13.Iwaiteduntilhe_(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_already_(do)15.She_(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe_(be)therebefore. 16.He_(nottell)youthenewsyet.17.Hesaidhe_already_(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.I_(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe_(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.She_(play)theguitarwhileh
25、ersister_(sing).1Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.(改否定句)2. Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.(改否定句)3.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks.(否定)4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.(改一般疑问)5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.(改一般疑问)6. Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplaneh
26、adtakenoff.(改一般疑问)7.HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.(对划线部分提问)8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.(对划线部分提问)9.Jackdidntgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.(对划线部分提问)10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.(对划线部分提问)11. Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.(对划线部分提问)12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethe
27、mup.(用过去完成时连接两句)13.Jimsfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.(用过去完成时连接两句)14. Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用过去完成时连接两句)Afterwe_,we_15.Heshowedusthepicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用过去完成时连接两句)Beforehe_,he_.一. 用动词的适当形式填空1.hadpainted.moved2.hadmade.died3.hadstudiedleft4.hadrunaway.arrived5.hadturnedoffwent6.wenthadmade7.saidhadread8failedhadmade9.(had)finishedleft10.werehaving/hadhadgot11.arrived.hadleft12.hadlearned13.(had)finished14.had.done15didntgohadbeen16.hasnttold17hadgiven18.havebeen19.hadbeen20.wasplayingwassinging专心-专注-专业
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