It的用法归纳(共6页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上It的用法归纳一: it 做代词1. it指天气,时间,地点,距离等.It is cold today.Nanchong is a beautiful city, isnt it?It is seven oclock now.2.It用来指代刚提到的事物,以避免重复.It is a cat outside the door.3. it 指未知性别的某人. Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?4. 代词it ,one 和that.It代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物,即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词也可
2、以是不可数名词。One代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,所代替的上午可数名词,其前可带冠词与修饰语,如代替复数名词,则用ones.That 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词也可是不可数名词,但其前通常不能有修饰语。The population problem may be the greatest one in the world.The doctor in our school is younger than that in your school.I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still u
3、sing it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.二:it 做形式主语1. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.)+ that从句该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为很清楚(显然,真的,肯定)是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 Its clear that smoking is bad for our health.2. It is important ( necessary,stran
4、ge, natural.) +that从句该句型和上一个同属一个句型;由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去.It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.3. It is/ was +P.P.+ that从句.1) It is said (reported,learned/ believed/ thought / considered/well-known
5、.) that从句该结构常译为据说(据报道,据悉)。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.2) It is suggested (ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded.) +that从句。该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令( 一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求)等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。should可以省略,常译为“据建议
6、;有命令”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.4. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that从句 . 在该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去,表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生
7、在你们班上,真是遗憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了,真遗憾!5. It is time (about time /high time) that .sb. did sth / sb. should do sth.该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是:1常用过去时态表示虚拟2有时也用should + 动词原形,should 不能省,常译为是(正是)的时侯了 It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.6. It is the f
8、irst (second .) time that sb. has done sth.It was the first (second .) time that sb. had done sth该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。如果主句是一般现在时,从句用现在完成时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时也用this替换,常译为“是某人第一(二,)次做某事”。It is the first time that I have enjoyed this kind of moon cake.This was the secon
9、d time that I had been to Beijing.7. It is +(一段时间) +since 从句该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时和完成时,引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when (B)
10、8. It +be + not long/ long / 一段时间+ before 从句 该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态,主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“之后才”,“没过就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will not be long before he finishes his job.9. It + be + 时间点 + when从句这个句型中, it 指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中
11、的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是will be,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。常译为“当的时候,是”It was already 8 oclock when we got home.It was the next morning when we finished our work. It will be midnight when they get there. 10. It seems(似乎),appears(似乎), happens(碰巧)that从句该句型中的it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。It
12、 happened that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来)The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D)11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是
13、时间。常译为“做事情要花费某人时间”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.12. It is no good (use ) doing sth 做某事是没有用的该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.13It is/ was + adj.+ for /of+ sb. to do sth.该句型中
14、的不定式短语是真正主语,如果主句中的形容词是能修饰逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有:bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish ,honest, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等,不定式的逻辑主语由of短语引出。It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so.如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的,主句的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性等情况的词。常见的有necessary,natural,e
15、asy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.14. It looks (seems) as if 该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句,常译为:“看起来好像”如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill. (真的病了)It looks as i
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