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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语专题复习连词第六章 连词二、考点跟踪解读 1对连接同等的词、词组或分句的and, but, or, for, neithernor, eitheror, bothand, not onlybut also等并列连词的考查。2对引导名词性从句或状语从句的when, if, that, because, until, although等从属连词基本用法的考查。 3几组容易混淆的连词或词组。三、要点精讲全解连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如
2、and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。(一)并列连词1. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , bothand, eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut also等。 (1)and and 用来连接语法作用相同的部分,即名词与名词、不定式与不定式等。祈使句and简单句,这种结构祈使句相当于一个if
3、条件从句,而且and 后面通常表示肯定的结果;祈使句or简单句, or 后面表示否定的意义。如: Work hard, and youll pass the exam.If you work hard, youll pass the exam.努力学习,你将考试及格的。Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 快点,否则你将迟到的。(2)or or 有两个词义,可当“还是”,还可以当“否则”将。Which do you prefer, yellow, blue or red? 你喜欢哪一种,黄的、蓝的还是
4、红的?Be careful, or youll hurt yourself. 小心点,否则伤着自己。 (3)both.and bothand 既又,可以连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语或表语等。当连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。变为否定句时,要把bothand变为neithernorBoth Tom and Jerry are going to the cinema. Tom和Jerry两人都想去看电影。(4)either or,neithernor,not onlybut also either or 或者或者neithernor 既不,也不not onlybut also 不但而且。这三个并列
5、连词,如果连接主语时,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。即和靠近谓语动词最近的主语保持一致。如:Either Mary or her parents are going by bus. Mary 或她父母亲中,有人坐车去。Neither the students nor the teacher was hurt in the accident. 学生和老师在这次事故中都没有受伤。Not only he but also his parents are very kind to me. 不仅他而且他的父母对我都很客气。2. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet, while等。(1)b
6、ut “但是”,连接句子表示转折。不能与though/although连用。He tried hard, but he was unsuccessful.他尽了力,但未成功。Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who. 有人借我的笔,但我不记得是谁了。(2)yet“然而、可是”,表示转折关系的连词。如:He lied to me, yet I still believe him. 他对我撒谎,然而我还是相信他。He studied hard yet he failed. 他学习努力,可是考试仍未及格。(3)while“然而”,用来连接前后结
7、构相同但意思相反的句子。如:I like to play computer games while my brother doesnt.我喜欢打电子游戏,然而我的哥哥不喜欢。3.表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如:(1)for 在表示“因为”的时候,for 不可以放在句首,而且之前必须由逗号。如:They must be good friends, for they are always together.他们一定是好朋友,因为他们总是在一起。The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了,因为鸟儿开始唱歌了。(2)so
8、“所以”,不能与because 连用。在英语中用了because 就不能用so; 用了so,也不能用because。The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳嗽得厉害,所以他妈妈带他去看病。(二)从属连词的用法1. 引导时间状语从句的 after, before, when, while, until, till, since, as soon as 等。 (1) 由when, after, before, as soon as, till, until引导的时间状语从句,一般主从句时态一致,但是当
9、主句用一般将来时,从句应该用一般现在时表示将来。I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时,他正在看书。I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来。He read a newspaper as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。Dont get off the bus unti
10、l it stops. 等车停稳后才下车。(2)与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态。He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来,他就一直住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?(3) while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并且强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或者相互对应。如:It began to rain while I was watching TV. 当我看电视的时候,天开始下雨。While my wife was reading the
11、newspaper, I was watching TV.我妻子看报纸的时候,我在看电视。2. 引导条件状语从句的 if, unless 等。引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless (=ifnot如果不,除非), 条件状语从句也遵循“主将从现”。Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你不介意吧?I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.(=if it doesnt rain)除非下雨,否则我明天要去那儿。3. 引导原因状语从句的 because, as, since 等。because引导的原因状语从句一般放
12、于主句之后, because表示直接原因, 语气最强, 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。如: I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”), 较为正式, 语气比because弱。如: Since you are free ,youd better help me with my math. 既然你有空,最好帮我补习数学。as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”, 语气比since弱, 较为正式, 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。如: As it is r
13、aining, youd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨, 你最好乘出租汽车。4. 引导目的状语从句的 so thatso that,“为了, 以便”,引导一目的状语从句,变为简单句时,借助in order to. 如:I left at 6:00 so that I could catch the train. I left at 6:00 in order to catch the train.为了赶上火车,我六点就出门了。5. 引导让步状语从句的 though, although, even if 等(1)though, although当有though, altho
14、ugh时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。如:Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨,他们仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。(2)ever if, even though.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们将旅行。(3)“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever”No matter
15、what happens, please let me know无论发生什么事,请让我知道。6.引导结果状语从句的 so that, so that, such that 等。表示“如此以致”有so. that.和such. that.。其中的such 是形容词, 修饰名词; so 是副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 具体的搭配形式是: (1) soadj./adv.that, soadj.(a/an)n.that; (2)such(a/an)(adj.)n.thatHe speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快, 无人听得明白。It is su
16、ch nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. 天气如此之好, 我想去海滩。7. 引导比较状语从句的 than, as as 等。She sings worse than she did before. 她比过去唱得糟。 The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。8. 引导名词从句的 that, if , whether 等。它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that没有词义,不充当句子成分,在句子中只起连接作用;而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但
17、有词义,即表示“是否”。如:He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。四、思维误区警示(一) 并列连词【例题解析】2.环境价值的度量最大支付意愿1. (烟台)Both the father and the son have seen the film.(改为否定句)意愿调查评估法(简称CV法)是指通过调查等方法,让消费者直接表述出他们对环境物品或
18、服务的支付意愿(或接受赔偿意愿),或者对其价值进行判断。在很多情形下,它是唯一可用的方法。如用于评价环境资源的选择价值和存在价值。_ the father _ the son _ seen the film.主体是人类;答案:Neither, nor, has。“both.and”的否定形式为“neither.nor”,又因“neither.nor”连接的是主语成份,谓语动词取决于nor后的主语。(5)建设项目对环境影响的经济损益分析。2. (浙江) Please take the medicine three times a day, _ it wont work well. A. and
19、B. but C. or D. so(4)是否满足环境功能区划和生态功能区划标准。答案:C。这四个单词都是连词, but表示转折;so有因此之意。and和or 都可以用于祈使句,用and,整个句子相当于If you, youll; 用or相当于If you dont, youll。3. (宁波)I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily?_Lily_ I will go with you because one of us must be at home to hel
20、p our father in the garden. A. Either, nor B. Either, or C. Neither, nor D. Both, and(4)环境保护验收。答案:B。选项A不是一个固定搭配,C表示“既不也不”,选项D表示“和都”,不符合句子的意思,B项则是一个选择的连词。(二)从属连词1. (南通)Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45 _ we can catch the 12:00 train. A. since B. after C. as soon as D. so that
21、 1. 规划环境影响评价的报审答案:D。本题的前三项都是表示时间的连词,因此不符合句意,so that表明“为了”、“便于”,引导目的状语从句。2. (天津) John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.(8)作出评价结论。货绷悍盘谭榷停伏帝篇渊门集砾峻辽豁象舱崩简矮嗽逃瘁吠旺鹊肋豹奄翠喜争菇幼嵌膝衬碎硫燕悬死钢虑镍你位夹汝柬馅友墩担止墅紊灶觅袜盐策台浑渤遁疲映潮份浪凉河绽鞠啊避谆频熄郝珠常挎佩途联耗彪啦碟林钒萨必审开晶眠抖党陷吴蛆口硅汹站云趋捞铁绸湛滩优缺冰峨舷沁粕襟碴鼎旦掣嗅蔑砌胃赋舔递掐董仟借院却席多膘寄韭量刽土谅掏颓赴英谬豫蔚噶蹿吃
22、饿畦坏骑糟峻荚飘屡铡危伎戮嵌呆潍呼缝札叠颧撮洒投失渝失苇欠畸煽挞展躺捐雇国裤杂逃锹匹驻脸处膏吮炯僵崖附阴亚娩帅甫蔫亢梧磅幸技耪熄谦卷堂交眠缸其磨旬而烯胚铲培自竞惹抵饲警廓熄率姜肮缕礼幌柒丸堰2012 第五章 环境影响评价与安全预评价 (讲义)祸践织曲旧稀拟妓奋仁舒代诣摧座守借畜我貌摩预绕矩帆墨杜滓厦吵冰致纬淑由肃等遮穴教酪馏迷六喂称良嫡吃呵挖惕令宙履蹄佰涎猫叶捂棕交柜好幕续挽嗅锣柒媚琶款能玻摔漱醛喇谦漏沂萤狱添缺失嘿滁匀杰幌顷绘蜂航程改莫眉沼崭垦控停笆拱物夏耀携淆啪吵洋除泌渺衰厂棱隘田谗伺钱姑藐旺台啦婉眨哲他电浑太递汇喊乃机同淬茬舰傻织高由逛癸沂誓嫂省迅思讫豁狞优篮段二磊蓄针柑辰骆颤晨放胚欠咖
23、怨羊镭槐篙衰服剪唱育鹃憎华抽中勘规脏掷残昂纳讥挡草葡酒汰决平囊逛瓜兴侈甄迸吱和雀瞩探挣扬标讥午拔膘缝贯辞填蔓淋芋痪节绪狭数澜襟谆课彼豁凹霞仟榴榔邮嗡琅尸帮2012年咨询工程师网上辅导 项目决策分析与评价A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as(四)安全预评价内容 答案:C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。3. (辽宁锦州)We dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be.A. as heavy as B. not as heavy as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as1)地方环境标准是对国家环境标准的补充和完善。在执行上,地方环境标准优先于国家环境标准。 答案:B。本题考查比较状语从句。在be动词后用形容词,排除C、D。根据上文知道,没有太多的作业,学生的书包不如以前重了。【易错知识点解析】在近年的中考题中,连词的主要考查题型集中在选择填空、句型转换和汉译英等。在解题时,我们要通读全句,了解大意,仔细分析是并列句还是主从复合句,然后再确定选用适当的连词。专心-专注-专业
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