中医专业英语(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Professional English forTraditional Chinese MedicineChinese medicine is to study the relationship between human and nature. It is a natural science which has a long history and rich contents, including basic theory, diagnostics, medicine, clinical medicine, acupuncture, massage, and hea

2、lth rehabilitation. The theoretical system is based on syndrome differentiation, concept of holism and constant dynamic. Nowadays, the significance of TCM has become more obvious.Channel Meridia经络 Acupoint穴位 Massage推拿Moxibustion艾灸 moxa艾条 Cupping拔罐The Yellow Emperors Inner Classic 黄帝内经The Classic of

3、Difficult Issues 内经Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases 伤寒杂病论Shen Nongs Classic of the Materia Medica 神农本草经The Yellow Emperors Inner Classic: The Spiritual Pivot 黄帝内经灵枢The Yellow Emperors Inner Classic: Basic Questions 黄帝内经素问Essentials from the Golden Cabinet 金匮要略Yin-yang and Five-elem

4、ent Theory（阴阳五行）Conception of Yin-yang Theory Yin-yang theory holds that the natural world is made up of material, and the material world is generated, developed and constantly changed under the interaction between yin and yang.yinyangcoldheatdownsideupsidenightdaydarkbrightwaterfiremovementstillnes

5、s Interaction between Yin and Yang1. Opposition of Yin and Yang 阴阳对立制约2. Mutual Rooting of Yin and Yang 阴阳互根互用3. Waxing and Waning of Yin and Yang 阴阳消长yin waning with yang waxing 阴消阳长 yang waning with yin waxing 阳消阴长4. Yin-yang Conversion 阴阳转化 Excess of yin or yang 阴阳偏盛Excess of yangexcess-heat synd

6、rome Excess of yin excess-cole syndromeExcess of yangExcess of yinyang pathogenyin pathogenexcess-heat syndromeexcess-cold syndromehigh fevercolddysphoriawhitish complexionred complexionlocal cold and painrapid pulseclear and cold secretion or excretionconsume yin-fluiddamage yangexcess of yang dama

7、ges yinexcess of yin damages yang Deficiency of yin or yang 阴阳偏衰Deficiency of yangsyndrome of deficiency-coldDeficiency of yindeficiency-heat syndrome Deficiency of yinDeficiency of yindriving and warming actionsmoistening and nourishing actionsinsufficiency of Yangshortage of yincoldheatdeficiency-

8、colddeficiency-heatsyndrome of deficiency-coldsyndrome of deficiency-heat”reducing excess”.实者泻之 ”treating heat with cold”.热者寒之 ”treating cold with heat”.寒者热之 ”supplementing deficiency”.虚者补之阴阳学说yin-yang theory治疗原则therapeutic principle阳中之阴yin within yang阴、阳实excess of yin or yang阴阳对立opposition of yin a

9、nd yang阴、阳虚deficiency of yin or yang阴阳交感interaction of yin and yang虚寒证syndrome of deficiency-cold阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang泻实reducing excess阴阳消长waning and waxing of yin and yang补虚supplementing deficiency阴阳转化yin-yang conversion四性four properties阴阳平衡yin-yang balance五味five flavors阴阳调和yin-yang ha

10、rmony四种运动形式four acting tendencies Conception of Five-element Theory Five-element theory holds that all things in the natural world can be derived from wood,fire,earth,metal and water and maintain a harmonious balance through the activities of constant inter-generation and inter-restriction among the

11、m.Characteristics of the five elementsThe characteristics of wood: growth,smoothness and regulation（生长、升发、条达、舒畅）.木曰曲直。The characteristics of fire: heat and ascent pertain to fire.（温热、上升）火曰炎上The characteristics of earth: growth and change ,bearing and accepting pertain to earth.（生化、承载、受纳）土爰稼穑The char

12、acteristics of metal: descent and astringency pertain to metal.（沉降、肃杀、收敛）金曰从革The characteristics of water: descending,moistening,coldness and chill and storing pertain to water.（滋润、下行、寒凉、闭藏）水曰潤下Interaction among five elements1. Inter-generation among the five elements 五行相生Inter-generation explains t

13、he meaning of mutual production and assistance. The law of inter-generation among the five elements is:wood generates fire,fire generates earth,earth generates metal,metal generates water,water generates wood.2. Inter-restriction among the five elements 五行相克Inter-restriction contains the meanings of

14、 mutual restriction,conquering and suppression. The law of inter-restriction among the five elements is :wood restricts earth,earth restricts water;water restricts fire .fire restricts metal,metal restricts wood. visceral manifestation（五脏）Zang-organs: heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidneyFu-organs: gall bl

15、adder, stomach, small intestine, bladder, large intestine, sanjiaoExtraordinary fu-organs:brain, marrow, bone, vessel, uterus, gall bladder1、HeartHeart governing bloodHeart controlling the mindThe heart corresponds to the vesselsThe heart manifests on the faceThe heart opens at the tongue2、LungLung

16、dominating qiDominating respiration, dominating qi through the bodyLung regulating the waterwaysThe lung corresponds to the skin and manifests on the body hairThe lung opens at the nose3、SpleenSpleen governing the transportation and transformationSpleen containing bloodThe spleen corresponds to the

17、muscles and the limbsThe spleen manifests on the lipsThe spleen opens at the mouth4、LiverLiver governing free flow of qiLiver storing bloodThe liver corresponds to the tendonsThe liver manifests on the nailsThe liver opens at the eyes5、KidneyKidney storing essence to govern growth, development and r

18、eproductionKidney governing waterKidney governing reception of qiThe kidney governs the bonesThe kidney manifests on the hairThe kidney opens at the ears, the external genitals and the anus6、gallbladder makes decisions7、stomach governing reception Stomach governing decomposition Stomach qi governing

19、 descending8、small intestine receiving the chime Small intestine separating the clear from the turbid9、Sanjiao: upper jiao, middle jiao, lower jiaoBasic knowledge of Chinese Medical Medica(中药)道地药材：genuine regional materia media中药性能：property and action of Chinese medicinal副作用：side effect 毒性：toxicity四

20、气（四性）：four properties 五味：five flavors升：ascending 降：descending 浮：floating 沉：sinking归经：meridian/channel tropism tropzm炮制：processing 炒：stir-frying 炙：stir-frying with liquid adjuvant dvnt煅：calcining 煮：decocting 蒸： steaming中药炮制的作用：(1) Removing or reducing the toxicity and side effects of some medicinals

21、to ensure medicinals safety.(2) Promoting the therapeutic effects to improve the clinical efficacy. (3) Modifying the properties and actions of medicinals so as to make them suitable for therapeutic requirements. (4) Changing certain shape and character of medicinals to facilitate decocting and taki

22、ng medicinal, making preparation and storing medicinal. (5) Taking away the impurity, non-pharmaceutical parts to make the medicinals clean and pure.(6) Correcting the unpleasant odor or tastes, thus making the medicinals convenient for patients to take. 配伍： combination（ compatibility ） 配伍禁忌：prohibi

23、ted combination相须：mutual reinforcement 相使：mutual assistance相畏： mutual restraint 相杀：mutual suppression相恶：mutual inhibition 相反： mutual antagonism ntnzm 水煎：decocted with water 先煎：to be decocted first后下：to be decocted later 包煎：wrap-boiling另煎：decocted separately 单煎：decocted alone酒煎：decocted with wine冲服：t

24、ake infused 顿服：administered at draught烊化：melting 代茶饮：taking as tea噙化：melting in mouth火候：control of time and temperature 临睡服：administrated before sleep平旦服：administrated before breakfast 文火(慢火)：mild fire (slow fire) 武火(急火)：strong fire 剂量：dose（dosage）解表药：exterior-releasing medicinal清热药：heat-clearing me

25、dicinal泻下药：purgative p:tv medicinal祛风湿药：wind-damp-dispelling medicinal化湿药：damp-resolving medicinal利水渗湿药：damp-draining diuretic dartk温里药：warming interior medicinal理气药：Qi-regulating medicinal消食药： digestant medicinal止血药： hemostatic medicinal活血化瘀药：blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinal化痰药：phleg

26、m-resolving medicinal止咳平喘药： antitussive and antiasthmatic medicinal ntitsv ntizmtk安神药：tranquilizing medicinal平肝熄风药：liver-pacifying wind-extinguishing medicinal psfa开窍药：resuscitative rssttve medicinal补虚药：tonifying medicinal收涩药：astringent strndnt medicinal涌吐药： emetic mtk medicinal外用药及其他：externally app

27、lied and other medicinals CMM(中药学) is a subject focusing on the knowledge of the basic theories of the CMM and its sources, production areas, collection, processing, properties, efficacies, and clinical applications. Property and action of CMM:The four natures ;The five flavors ; The four directions

28、; Meridian Tropism; Toxicity1.Four natures:cold;cool;warm;heat2.Five flavors:sour;bitter; sweet; pungent;salty 3.Four direction theoryAscending: moving toward the upper Descending: moving toward the lowerFloating: dispersing and moving outward Sinking: absorbing and consolidating, relaxing the bowel

29、s and promoting diuresis4.Meridian tropism5.Toxicity Single application （单方）Mutual reinforcement（相须）Mutual assistance（相使）Mutual restraint（相畏）Mutual suppression（相杀）Mutual inhibition（相恶）Mutual antagonism（相反）Basic knowledge of Chinese Medical formulas (方剂学基本知识)Chinese medical formulas is a subject deal

30、ing with the therapeutic methods and the theories of compatibility of formulas as well as the clinical application. A formula is composed of different Chinese medicinals and suitable doses in their rational combination. 方剂学：Chinese medical formulas理：principle法：method方：formula药：medicinal汗：diaphoresis

31、 dafri:ss 吐：emesis emss下：purgation和：harmonizing温：warming清：clearing补：tonifying消：dispersion君药：sovereign medicinal臣药：minister medicinal佐药：assistant medicinal使药：guide medicinal方剂加减：modification of a formula剂型：preparation form汤剂：decoction散剂：powder丸剂：pill 蜜丸：honeyed pill 水丸：water pill 糊丸：flour and water p

32、aste 浓缩丸：concentrated pill 滴丸：drop pill膏剂：paste 煎膏：decocted extract 软膏：ointment 硬膏：plaster酒剂：wine preparation丹剂：pellet茶剂：medicated tea露剂：distillate锭剂：lozenge条剂：medicated roll线剂：medicated thread栓剂：suppository冲剂(颗粒剂)：infusion granule片剂：tablet糖浆剂：syrup胶囊剂：capsule口服液：oral liquid注射液：injection灸剂：moxa气雾剂：a

33、erosol灌肠剂：enema熨剂：hot-compress preparation搽剂(擦剂)：liniment解表剂：exterior-releasing formula泻下剂：purgative formula和解剂：harmonizing formula清热剂：heat-clearing formula清暑剂：summerheat-clearing formula温里剂：warming interior formula祛风剂：wind-relieving formula治燥剂：dryness-relieving formula祛湿剂：dampness-dispelling formul

34、a祛痰剂：phlegm-expelling formula消食剂： digestive formula驱虫剂： anthelmintic formula涌吐剂： emetic formula补益剂：tonifying formula固涩剂：astringent formula安神剂：tranquilizing formula开窍剂：resuscitative formula理气剂：Qi-regulating formula理血剂：blood-regulating formula祛风剂：wind-relieving formula治燥剂：dryness-relieving formula祛湿剂：

35、dampness-dispelling formula祛痰剂：phlegm-expelling formula消食剂： digestive formulaThe advantages of formulas can be illustrated in the following three aspects： (1) Chinese medicinals of similar action, if used simultaneously, can strengthen the therapeutic effect for serious diseases. (2) Chinese medicin

36、als of different actions in combination can broaden the therapeutic scope in the treatment of complex conditions. (3) Drastic or toxic Chinese medicinals may be applied with some Chinese medicinals capable of reducing or removing their side effect or toxicity.2 Composition of the formulasIt is neces

37、sary to follow the principle of sovereign (jun), minister (chen), assistant (zuo), and guide (shi) medicinal in a formula.Sovereign medicinal: It is an essential ingredient in a formula, it treats the main syndrome or disease.Minister medicinal: It mainly helps the sovereign medicinals strengthen th

38、e curative effectAssistant medicinal: There are three meanings:1. An assistant medicinal may be a “supplementary medicinal”, used for the process of strengthening medical treatment along with sovereign medicinal and minister medicinal, and is also used directly for secondary accompanying diseases or

39、 syndromes.2. An assistant medicinal may be a “restraining medicinal”, used for reducing or removing the drastic actions, toxicity and disadvantages factors of sovereign or minister medicinal.3. An assistant medicinal may be a “corrigent medicinal”, with the properties and flavor opposite to soverei

40、gn medicinal, but plays supplementing role in the treatment, used to prevent the patients from vomiting the medicinal in case of serious diseases due to excessive pathogenic factor.Guide medicinal: There are two meanings: A guiding medicinal is known as the meridian usheringr medicinal, guiding the

41、other medicinals in the formula to the affected site. A guiding medicinal is also called medicating medicinal, harmonizing the effects of various ingredients in the formula.Syndrome Differentiation（辨证论治）Syndrome Differentiation is the diagnosis based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs，the cau

42、se，nature and location of the illness and the patient，s condition according to the basic theories of TCM.Eight principles Syndrome Differentiation（八纲辨证）The eight principles refer to the guiding principles of the exterior，interior，cold，heat，deficiency，excess，yin and yang Syndrome . The eight principl

43、es is a general guidelines abstracted from those individual characters of every specific Syndrome .It is a Syndrome Differentiating method used to analyze the commonness of all kinds of disease .It is also the basic of other Syndrome Differentiating methods and play a guiding role during diagnostic

44、process.一、 Exterior - interior Syndrome Differentiation1.Exterior syndromeKey Points in Syndrome Differentiation Aversion to wind and cold,or aversion to cold with fever, and floating pulse.2.Interior syndromeKey Points in Syndrome DifferentiationThere is no aversion to cold and fever,the pulse is n

45、ot floating,the coating is not white and thin,3.Half-exterior and half- interior syndromeKey Points in Syndrome Differentiation Alternating chill and fever，distress and fullness in the chest and hypochondrium，bitter taste in the mouth，dry throat，dizzy vision and wiry pulse.二、Cold-heat Syndrome Differentiation1.Cold Sy