中考形容词和副词讲解(共18页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语总复习-形容词副词用法专题精讲形容词中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级,比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中,形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,Its a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,He looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothin
2、g,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。例如,Would you like something hot to drink?4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,How long is the river? Its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,The man is ill.(正)The ill man is my uncle.(误)6.只能作定语的形
3、容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,My elder brother is in Beijing.(正)My brother is elder. (误)7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-ye
4、ar-old十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)出处材料性质类别名词A small round table一张小圆桌A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣A famous American medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的)
5、,kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。Its very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。Its foolish of hi
6、m to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如,Its not easy for them to learn a foreig
7、n language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on t
8、ime is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如,Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如,Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐
9、于助人。He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。副词-命题趋势副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。-考查重点中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中,频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时间副词already,yet,still,just,疑问副词how,why,when,where,程度副词enough,quite以及too
10、,also,either等的用法区别,副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,nor,疑问副词:wher
11、e,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如,1.We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2.He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3.“What happened?”I asked,rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生气地问。4. In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。三、常见副词用法辨析1.al
12、ready与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”例如,He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末例如:Has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶)2 very,m
13、uch和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.例如,John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。Thank you very much.非常感谢你3.so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词,例如,My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的
14、孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”,.例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)It is so cold weather.(误)They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正)T
15、hey are so good students. (误)如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such.例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词4.also,too,as well与either的区别also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,My father is a teacher. My m
16、other is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French,either.我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时sometimes:有时,
17、不时的some time:一段时间some times:几次,几倍.例如,Well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙,有时不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。6.ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独
18、使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7.now,just与just now的区别now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”just:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚”just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”.例如,Where does he live now?他现在住哪里?We have just seen the
19、film.我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now.他刚才在这里。副词-命题趋势副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。-考查重点中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中,频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时间副词already,yet,still,just,疑问副词how,why,when,where,程度副词enough,quite以及too,also,
20、either等的用法区别,副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,nor,疑问副词:where,how,
21、why其他:also,too,only二、副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如,1.We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2.He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3.“What happened?”I asked,rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生气地问。4. In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。三、常见副词用法辨析1.already与
22、yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”例如,He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末例如:Has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶)2 very,much和ve
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