小学阶段英语语法大全(共39页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学阶段英语语法大全名 词一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,

2、homework, time, health, friendship等)。二、 可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book books room rooms house houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：

3、city cities body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen policewoman-policewomen tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：ph

4、oto photos foot feet tooth teeth 悄悄话： oo变成ee。 mouse-mice fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。三、 不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域) orange

5、 (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_用所给

6、名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-

7、yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am ve

8、ry thirsty.一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等连用。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。2.表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。3.用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is n

9、ot a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词：陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用d

10、oesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?第三人称单数 动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, m

11、ilk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时练习：一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_pass_ _ carry _ _come_ watch_ teach_plant_ fly _study_ do_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _ _ _(have) dinner at hom

12、e.2. Daniel and Tommy _ _ _(be) in Class One.3. We _ _ _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _ _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ _ _ they _ _ _(like) the World Cup?6. What _ _ _they often _ _ _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ _ _ your parents _ _ _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _ _ _(teach) us Englis

13、h on Sundays.9. She and I _ _ _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _ _ _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _ _ _(like) cooking.12. They _ _ _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _ _ _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _ _ _(do) your homework well.15. I _ _ _(be) ill. Im stayi

14、ng in bed.16. She _ _ _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _ _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _ _ _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _ _ _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2

15、. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9. She

16、is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_一般过去时1一般过去时的功能（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我们探望了我们的叔叔。（2）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I watched TV every day last month.上个月我每天都看电视。常和表示过去的时间状语连用表示过去的时间状语1、yesterdayYesterday，the day before

17、 yesterday，yesterday evening2、lastlast night，last+时间(last week , last month, last year)3、agoa moment ago（=just now），long long ago，“一段时间+ago”表示“前”。如：three days ago”4、这一组,是考试常考的,需要特别记忆!this morning，when I was five years old，in +过去时间词(in 1998)，once upon a time(很久以前)2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。ar

18、e在一般过去时中变为were。带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not（was not=wasnt ，were not=werent），一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语

19、时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste

20、_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do _Be动词的过去时练习（1）一、 用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk i

21、n the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型转换1. It was exciting.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_Be动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy y

22、esterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the

23、 students _ very excited.二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_肯、否定回答：_三、 中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Hallow

24、een.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the

25、 Sports day.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. Nancy went to school early.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_3. We sang some English songs.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_行为动词的过去时练习（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the

26、park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butte

27、rfly.二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_三、中译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习（1）一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. 2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5

28、. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.二、 中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电

29、影。_2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。_3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。_4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。_过去时综合练习（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ y

30、ou _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures

31、in the art room.10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)二、中译英1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。_2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。_3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。_现在进行时1现在进行时的功能（1）表示现在（说话时）正在发生的动作，一般和now,right now,at this moment等连用。（2）也可以表示当前一段时间正在发生的事情（说话时不一定进行），常与this week，this month，these days（这些天）连用。如：We are writing a book this mo

32、nth.这个月我们正在写一本书。2现在进行时的构成肯定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+动词ing+其他。如：I am reading a book.我正在读一本书。They are playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球。He is cleaning the classroom now.他正在打扫教室。否定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not+动词ing+其他。如：They are not playing basketball now.他们现在不在打篮球。一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。肯定回答：Yes，主语+be动词（am

33、/is /are）。否定回答：No，主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not。如：Are they playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 如：What are they playing now?他们现在在玩什么？但是，当疑问词为主语时，其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing?如：Who are playing baskerball now?谁正在打篮球？动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3

34、如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing_ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing

35、)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its5oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_