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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语代词专题一、代词的含义简单地说,代词就是代替名词的一类词。比如,Wang Lin is my uncle. She is very tall.一、 代词的分类英语中,代词一般分为七类,具体分类如下:种类例子人称代词I, she, he, they, you物主代词My, your, mine, yours反身代词Myself, herself, themselves指示代词This, that疑问代词What, who, whose关系代词That,which,who不定代词Anything, everything一、人称代词:1.人称代词的形式:英语中总共有三类
2、人称,第一、二、三人称,又可分为单数和复数两种形式以及主格和宾格。具体如下:人 称单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem通 称oneones说明:. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格在句中一般用作主语、表语等,宾格在句中用作动词的宾语和介词的宾语。. 人称代词单数he, she 和it的复数形式都是they,宾格形式也相同,为them。. 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he / him,阴性she / her 和中性it /it,复数只有一个they / them,不分性别。2.人称代词的基本用法
3、:. 主格人称代词用作主语或表语,例如:If he writes to you, you must write back. 如果他给你写信,你必须回复。(用作主语)It wasnt she who broke the window. 打破窗子的不是她。(用作表语)在口语中,人称代词如果作表语,通常用宾格形式。例如:Who is it? Its me (us). 是谁呀?是我(我们)。. 宾格人称代词用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)。例如:Tell her to call me tomorrow, please. 请叫她明天给我打电话。(用作动词宾语) I dont want to put the
4、m under the table. 我不想把它们放在桌底下。(用作介词宾语)人称代词独立使用时也用宾格形式,例如:Id like to go back in here. Me too. 我想回到这里来。我也想。以下两句中的人称代词用主格和宾格都可以,用主格被认为较正式,用宾格为口语说法。例如:My sister is two years older than I (am) / me. 我姐姐比我大两岁。You are as tall as he (is) / him. 你跟他个子一样高。在使用人称代词时要注意的几点:. she 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等,例如:China will
5、 always do what she has promised to do. 中国从来是说话算话的。The Titanic was on her first voyage when she sank. 泰坦尼克巨轮是在首航途中沉没的。. 注意人称代词并列式的顺序:单数人称代词一般是2.3.1的顺序;复数人称代词顺序一般是1.2.3。例如:You and I are good friends. 你和我是好朋友。(出于礼貌)Tom and I left home early this morning. 汤姆和我今天一大早就离开了家。(出于礼貌)You and he must be there a
6、t seven oclock. 你和他必须7点钟到达那里。(you较近,he较远)You, he and I will be put in the same class. 你、我、他将被分在同一个班。注意::若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)Who broke the window? _and _.谁打破的窗户?我和迈克。二、物主代词:物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用,物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词。如:This is my book. 这是我的书。名词性物主代词可以独立使用,无需后接名词。如:This
7、 book is mine. 这本书是我的。物主代词的形式请见下表:人 称单 数复 数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称his her itshis hers itstheirtheirs通 称ones1. 形容词性物主代词的基本用法:形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前,不能单独使用。例如:My name is John Green. 我叫约翰格林。Excuse me, is this your car? 对不起,这是您的车吗?His parents are in England. 他的父母在英国。They was
8、h their faces every day. 他们每天都洗脸。(本句中的their无须译出)2. 名词性物主代词的基本用法:.名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,即不后接名词,名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。其句法作用相当于一个名词。例如:Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。(用作主语,一般用于正式文体)I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours? 我忘了带词典,我可以用一下你的吗?(用作动词的宾语)He wasnt in my room. He might be in his. 他(刚才)不在我
9、的房间。他可能在自己的房间。(用作介词的宾语)Whose book is this? Its hers. 这是谁的书?是她的。(用作表语)Jack is a friend of mine. 杰克是我的一个朋友。(用于双重所有格).名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。例如:Is this pencil yours or hers?Its mine. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) 这支铅笔是你的还是她的?是我的。她的铅笔在她包里。注意:1)名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词 例如:This isnt _ bag ,
10、_ is here.这不是我的包,我的在这。2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.My own house = a house of my own三、反身代词:反身代词是人称代词的强调形式,不定人称代词one也有反身代词的形式。人 称单 数复 数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves通 称oneself说明:反身代词有单数和复数之分,单数用词尾-self表示,复数用词尾-selves表示。1.常见反身代词短语:look after oneself / ta
11、ke care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself/have a good time玩得高兴,过得愉快help oneself to sth请自用(随便吃/喝些)hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语 lose oneself in 沉浸于,陶醉于之中leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下Make yourself at home 请随便不要拘束 (all) by oneself单独地2.使用反身代词时要注意的几点:.反身代词本身不能单独作
12、主语,例如:(错)Myself drove the car. (对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是用myself 作主语时。例如:Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我自己看到了那东西。.反身代词没有所有格形式,可以用“物主代词 + own”来表示其所有格的含义。例如:Id like to have my own car.我想有一部自己的车。Please retell the story, using your own words.请用你自己的话来复述这篇故事。四、
13、不定代词:不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。常用不定代词有:some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each,every,other,another,much,many,few,little,one等。下面列举部分不定代词的用法比较:1.some, any: some通常用于肯定句。例如: 用作形容词:There are some people in the room. 房间里有一些人。I want some bread and some eggs. 我想要一些面包和几只鸡蛋。 用作代词:Some of our friends cant com
14、e. 我们有几个朋友不能来。Some are healthy and some arent. 有些人健康,而有些人则不然。 any通常用于否定句、一般疑问句和条件句。例如: 用作形容词:There isnt any water left. 一点水都没剩下。Do you know any French? 你懂法语吗?If you need any help, just let me know. 如果你需要帮助,就尽管说。 用作代词:I cant give you any. 我什么也不能给你。Did you see any of the teachers? 你有没有见到几位老师?If there
15、is any left, please give me some. 假如还有剩的,就请给我几个。 如果一般疑问句用来表示邀请、请求,或是期待对方的肯定回答,就要用some。例如:Would you like some milk in your tea? 你要不要在茶里加点牛奶?Isnt these some meat in the fridge? 冰箱里难道没有肉吗?2. all, both; any, either: all表示“(三者或更多者)都”,both表示“(两者)都”。例如: All these problems must be solved. 所有这些问题都必须解决。Both h
16、er parents are doctors. 她的父母都是医生。both and 用作连词,意思是“既又;不但而且”,相当于not only but also。例如:Both you and I were wrong. 你和我都错了。He can speak both English and French. 他既会讲英语,又会讲法语。both and的反义词是neither nor。请比较:Both he and his brother are at home. 他和他弟弟都在家。Neither he nor his brother is at home. 他和弟弟都不在家。 any表示“(
17、三者或更多者中)任何一个,无论哪一个”,either表示“(两者中)任何一个,随便哪一个”。它们都用于肯定句中,通常与单数可数名词连用。例如:You can borrow any book on the shelf. 书架上的任何一本书你都可以借Choose either book, not both. 两本书中你任选一本,而不可两本都选。3. neither, none, no one: neither表示“(两者)都不的;(两者中)没有一个”。例如:Neither of the twins likes dark green. 这对孪生儿谁也不喜欢深绿色。 none和no one都表示“(三
18、者或更多者中)谁也不;一个也不”,但用法上稍有不同。no one与nobody同义,只用来指人,其后一般不跟of短语。例如:Everyone is here; no one is away. 大家都在这里,一个人也不少。I found no one in the room. 我发现房间里空无一人。none既可指人又可指物,通常后接of短语。None用作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。例如:None of us want(s) to go, but we have to. 我们谁也不想去,但又不得不去。I have read none of his books.他的书我一本也没读过。4. anot
19、her, other(s), the other(s) another既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。 other为泛指,用作形容词时意思是“其他
20、的;别的”。例如: Have you got any other questions? 你(们)还有什么问题吗?I have many other things to do. 我有许多别的事要做。other用作代词时通常用复数形式others,意思是“其他人,别人;其他物”。例如:You should be kind to others. 你对他人要亲切。Some people like milk; others do not. 有的人喜欢牛奶,有的人不喜欢。 the other为特指,指两个人或物中的一个。后接复数名词the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的
21、(人或物)”。例如:Now open the other eye. 现在请睁开另一只眼睛。I found one shoe but I cant see the other one. 我找到了一只鞋,但另一只鞋没看到。Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。5. each, every: each可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个,而every只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个,不能指两个中每一个。例如:Each student studies in his or her own
22、way. 每一个学生都以自己的方式学习。There is a fruit shop on each/either side of the street. (= on both sides of the street.) 街的两边各有一家水果店。We want every child to be happy. (every child = all the children) 我们希望所有的孩子都幸福。 each可作代词和形容词,而every只能用作形容词,如可以说each of these dictionaries或each one of these dictionaries, 但不能说ever
23、y of these dictionaries, 该用every one of these dictionaries。注意:Each of us has a map/ We each have a map我们每人都有一张地图。6. (a) few, (a) little:这四个词的含义见下表:否定意义肯定意义用于可数名词few 没几个;几乎没有a few 有几个;有一些用于不可数名词little 没多少;几乎没有a little 有一点;有一些 few, a few用法举例: 用作形容词:He has very few friends here. 他在这里几乎没有朋友。He asked us
24、a few questions.他问了我们几个问题。 用作代词:Few of the children noticed the time passing. 孩子当中很少有人注意到时间在流逝。There are only a few left in the bag. 口袋里只剩下几个了。 quite/not a few用于口语,意思是“相当多的”。例如:Quite a few (people) went to the game.不少人都去看比赛了。 little, a little用法举例: 用作形容词:We had little rain all summer this year. 今年夏天雨
25、水很少。I need a little more time to finish this. 要做完这件事我还需要一些时间。 用作代词:He knows a little about China. 他对中国略有了解。 a little / a bit还可以用作副词,意思是“稍微,稍稍”,常与比较级连用。例如:The coat is a little too short for me. 这件外衣我穿有一点短了。Cant you walk a little faster? 你不能走快一点吗?a little,a bit区别: 两者都可放在形容词之前用作程度状语,表示“有点”。例如:He is a b
26、it /a little tired. 他有点儿累了。These boxes are a bit /a little heavy. 这些箱子重了点。 a little可直接用于不可数名词前作定语,但 a bit 却不能,它用于不可数名词之前时应先接介词 of。如:He may need a bit of / a little help. 他也许需要点帮助。He knows a bit of / a little French. 他懂一点点法语。 not a little, not a bit:not a bit= not at all意思是“一点儿也不”例如:Do you mind if i
27、smoke here? Not a bit. Do, please. not a little= very(much)意思是非常、很、许多。例如:I am so sorry to give you not a little trouble. 真抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。Its not a little hot today.今天非常热。7. it, one, ones, that, those的区别用法:.替代泛指的单数名词,通常用one。替代泛指的复数名词,通常用ones。如:I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一架新的。Did
28、you get a ticket? Yes,I managed to get one.你搞到票了吗?是的,我设法搞到了一张。Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。.替代特指的单数名词,可用 it, that, the one。替代特指的复数名词,通常用the ones。如:Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。.it,that,the one区别: one只能代替可数名词,复数形式ones;而that 代替不可数名词也
29、可代替可数名词,复数形式those。例如:There are a lot of apples in the basket, please pick out the rotten ones. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in shanghai. Our rules are quite from those of other organizations it与 that 的区别是:表示同一事物时,用it;表示同类事物时,用 that 或 the one。例如:The weather here is too cold. I dont like
30、 it.这儿的天气太冷了,我不喜欢这儿的天气。(it 在此指前面提到的 the weather)The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。(that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类 替代事物时,三者均可用;替代人时,只能用 the one。如:Who is her husband?The one by the window.哪位是她的丈夫?窗户边的那一位。注意:当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。 one的定语除了前置的形容词、指示代词this ,that 外,还有后置的形容词、从句或短语;而tha
31、t不能有前置修饰语,一般是后置的短语、分词或定语从句。例如:This bag is too small. Please give me a bigger one. This school is the one that we visited last week. The air in the countryside is fresher than that in cities. The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。8. none,no one,nothing,nobody的区别用法: n
32、o one =nobody: 不与of连用; 谓语动词用单数; 只能指人,但不具体指什么人;一般用来回答who,及含 anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。如:No one like a person with bad manners. Is there anyone in the room? No one.Who is in the room? No one. none: 可与of连用; 谓语动词用单或复数;指人或物; 一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any + n引起的疑问句。例如:None of us have/has seen him. How m
33、any students are there in the room? None. Is there any water in the thermos? None. How much money do you have on you? None. nothing: 指物; 谓语用单数; 一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。例如:What is in the box? Nothing. Is there anything in the sky? Nothing. Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing. 五、指示代
34、词:指示代词有this,that,these,those四个,其区别是: 1.近指代词和远指代词 this(包括其复数形式 these),是近指代词。指时间或空间上 较近的人及事物。that(包括其复数形式 those),是远指代词。指时间或空间上较远的人及事物。例如:This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black. 这位是史密斯先生,那位是布莱克先生。These are pears and those are apples. 这些是梨,那些是苹果。 2. that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. that代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词.
35、those 代替复数名词. The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing. 上海的天气没像北京那么冷。The radios made in Tianjin are as good as those made in Shanghai. 天津产的收音机和上海产的收音机一样好。 The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai. 答案:BThe books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop. 答案:DA. this B.
36、that C. one D. those 3. 把某人介绍给第三者时,常使用“This is.”这一句型,其中this不能换成he或she。例如:Jim, this is my teacher, Mr. Black.吉姆,这是我的老师,布莱克先生。4. 打电话,向对方介绍自己时要用“This is.”。询问或确认对方是哪一位时,可以说“Whos that? ”你是谁?或 “Is that.?是吗?”。例如:This is Kate. Whos that? 我是凯特,你是谁?This is Jim. 我是吉姆。总之,打电话时习惯用this指代自己,用 that 指代对方。5. this ,tha
37、t 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子. He had a bad cold, That is why he didnt come.六、疑问代词:Whowhomwhosewhichwhat谁(主格) 谁(宾格)谁的哪个,哪些什么疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句,它们在句中充当主语,表语,宾语,定语当疑问代词作介词宾语时,可以将介词提前到句首。1、Who和whatWho问姓名或与回答人的关系,前面可以用物主代词。What“是做什么的”问职业,前面用”a/ an”Who is the girl? She is my sister.What is the girl? She is a singer.2、which 和whatWhich指“哪个,哪些”有选择的范围。what没有范围供选择。What newspaper do you want? 你要什么报纸?Which do you like best of the three? 三个当中你最喜欢哪一个?专心-专注-专业
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