外研版-英语必修五重点短语、语法汇总(共15页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Module1重点短语：1.It is obvious (to sb.) that 从句对某人来说，是显然的2.confuse A with/and B 把A和B相混淆3.be confused by sth . 被.搞糊涂了4.in confusion 困惑的；困窘地pare. . .with. . . 和比较pare. . .to 把比作epared to/with 和相比（作状语）8.variety of=varieties of 各种各样的9.differ from sb./sth. 与某人或某物有区别，相异10.differ in. . . 在某方面不同11

2、.have sth.in common (with sb./sth.)和某人或某物有相同之处12.have a lot/much/a great deal in common with. . .与有很多共同之处13.have nothing/little in common with. . .与没有/很少有共同之处14.in common with sb./sth. 和一样15.make a difference 有关系；有重要性；16.make some difference to. . . 对有些关系17.make much difference to. . . 关系重大；有重大影响18.

3、make no difference to. . . 对没有关系19.be similar to 与相似20.be similar in 在方面相似21.have some/much difficulty（in）doing sth.做某事有些/很多困难22.have some/much difficulty with sth.做某事有一些/很多困难23.with difficulty 困（艰）难地24.lead to sb.doing sth. 使得某人做某事25.lead sb.to do sth. 使得某人去做某事26.announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣布某事=announc

4、e to sb.sth 向某人宣布某事27.add. . .to. . . 把加到中28.add to 增加29.add up. . . 合计；加起来30.add up to. . . 总计31.make an announcement 发表声明，通知32.at present 现在；目前33.make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事34.make an attempt at doing sth. 试图（尝试）做某事35.at ones first attempt 第一次尝试36.attempt at（doing）sth. 尝试（做）某事37.in favour of

5、同意，支持，拥护38.do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙39.ask sb.a favour =ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙40.in sb.s favour 有助于某人41.refer to. . .as. . . 称为42.refer to 参考43.make (a) reference (s) to 提及，论及44.now (that)+ 句子 由于；既然重点知识点：compare(v.)-comparison(n.)把A和B比较compare A with B把A比作/比喻为Bcompare A to B比起,与相比(作状语)compared with /

6、to比得上compare with无与伦比beyond comparison与比较in comparison相比之下by comparisondiffer(vi)different(adj.)difference(n.)在方面不同differin= be differentin区分和Tell the difference betweenand.不同于differfrom= be differentfrom和某人在方面differ with sb. on sth.有影响，使不同make a difference对有影响have an effect on=have an influence on

7、=affect =influenceItmakes a big differenceto your lifewhetheryou take an optimistic attitudeor not.你是否采取乐观的态度对你的人生有很大的影响。common有很多/有一些/几乎没有/没有共同点havemuch(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little)in common和一样in common withleadlead to+doing/n通往，通向；导致，招致leadsbtosp.带领某人到某地leadsbto dosth.使某人做某事，领某人干某事命题方向：1). l

8、ead to +doing/ being done2).leading to作定语或状语。3).含介词的短语动词用在定语从句中，考察句中的谓语动词。短语lead to中，to为介词，总结一下“动词+介词to”的常用短语pay attention to注意devote to献身于stick to坚持be used to习惯于belong to属于object to反对get down to开始认真做.contribute to为.做贡献pay a visit to参观;拜访difficultyhave some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/没有困难Th

9、ere is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.There is some/no difficulty with sth.（注意：difficulty为不可数名词）have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/没有困难There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.There is some/no difficulty with sth.（注意：difficulty为不可数名词）attemptattempt to do/ attempt at doing.试图做;尝试做make

10、 an/no attempt to do (没有)试图/打算做at ones first attempt (to do)第一次尝试做addaddto把加到上add to增加addup把加起来add up to总计Module 2重点短语：1.to ones satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是2.offer ones hand 伸出手3.offer sb.sth. =offer sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物4.show/have respect for sb.=respect sb. 尊敬某人5.give/send my respects to sb.请代我向某人问好/致意6.

11、in all respects 无论从哪方面来看7.pass by 经过；从旁经过8.pass away 去世；（时间等）消磨掉，过去9.pass down 把一代传一代；流传10.pass on 传递11.take. . .for granted 认为.理所当然12.take it/things easy 轻松，放松13.take ones time 慢慢来，不着急14.in particular 尤其，特别地15.be particular about/over. . . 对讲究/挑剔16.have an effect on. . . 对有影响17.take up 站好位置以备18.whe

12、n用作并列连词时，常用下列句型：（1）Sb.was about to do sth.when. . .=Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when. . .某人正要干某事时，这时.(2) Sb.was doing sth.when. . .某人正在干某事时，这时(3) Sb.had (just) done sth.when. . .某人刚干完某事时，这时19.apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物20.apply sth.to sth. 把应用于21.apply to. . . 适用于22.apply onesely to. . .

13、致力于23.sth. require doing/to be done某物需要被做24.require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事25.require that. . .(should) do sth. 要求做某事26.in great demand 需求很大27.meet/satisfy ones demang(s) 满足某人的需要28.demang to do sth. 要求做某事29.demand that. . .(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事30.in response to 作为的回应31.make/give a response to 对.做出反

14、应32.make/give no response to 对不予回答/理解重点知识：offer n/v表示愿意做，主动给予提出，提供（买方）出价charge（卖方）收费，要价offer/provide /supply提供给某人某物offer sb sth/offer sth to sbprovide sb with sth/ provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb主动提出做某事:offer to doapply vapply sth to应用New technology isapplied toalmost everyind

15、ustrial process. (工业流程)apply oneself to致力于；专心于If only heappliedhimself to study, he would do better in it.apply for申请Beforeapplyingfor the post, you have to fill in theapplication form.【拓展】applicant n.申请人表示“致力于；专心于”的短语：belost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupiedinconcentrate/ focus/ fix.onbedevoted

16、 / addicted/ abandonedto(沉迷于)demand n.(非常/很)受欢迎的in (good) demand需要,需求(尤指顾客)demand for sth./ sb.对某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.demand可加n./Pro./To do/that从句作宾语。注意：不能说:demand sb to do sthModule 3重点短语：1.on account of 因为2.on no account 决不，在任何条件下都不3.take sth. into account=take account of sth.把某事考虑在内4.a

17、ccount for 做出解释，提出理由5. lie-lay-lain-lying 平躺；位于Lay laid laid laying 放置；产卵6.The boy lying on the ground lied that his cocklaid an egg.躺在地上的小男孩说他的公鸡下了一只蛋。7.get into (a) panic 陷入恐慌状态8.be at/in a panic 在恐慌中9.be curious about 对好奇，感兴趣10.out of curiosity 出于好奇11.satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心12.have connec

18、tion with 与有联系/有关联13.have a direct/close/strong connection with与有直接/密切/牢固的联系14.have sth./nothing to do with 与有关/与无关15.be related to 与有关16.to ones astonishment 令某人吃惊的是17.to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是18.to ones excitement 令某人激动的是19.to ones disappointment 令人失望的是20.to ones sorrow 令人难过的是21.to ones joy 令人高兴的是2

19、2.to ones satisfaction 令人满意的是23.warn sb.about/of sth. 警告某人某事24.warn sb. Not to do sth.=warn against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事25.be determined to do sth. 决心做某事26.force sb.to do sth.=force sb.into doing sth强迫某人做某事27.force sth.on/upon sb. 把强加于某人28.play a trick on sb. 拿某人开玩笑，捉弄某人29.make fun of sb. 嘲笑某人；取笑某人30

20、.make up 编造；组成；和解；化妆；弥补31.be/feel in the mood for(doing) sth=be/feel in the mood to do sth. 有心情做某事32.in a bad/good mood 情绪不好/很好33.be set in 以为背景34.set off 出发；引爆，使爆炸35.set out to do sth. 开始做某事36.set about doing sth. 开始/着手做某事37.set sth.aside 把某物放在一边；省出；38.set up 建立；设立；创立39. resemble in 在方面像重点知识：accoun

21、t v./n.on account of由于Takeinto account烤鱼On no account绝不accounted for解释bank account银行账户as ifas if引导的从句作表语。as if = as though好像，似乎,主要用于引导状语从句和表语从句。当前面有系动词look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound等时，如果表示的可能性较大，与事实较一致时，谓语动词用陈述语气。as if从句用虚拟语气的情况：从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。You look as if you did not care. (实际上关心)从

22、句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”He talked about Paris as if he had been there before.（实际上以前没去过）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。It looks as if it might snow.（实际上不会下雪）分词作定语1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you)He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stoppe

23、d by)2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生分词作状语连词+分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。如：when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词之后分词作表语分词作插入语:其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking一般说来strictly speaking严格的说judging from从判断all things considered从

24、整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来分词的时态1).与主语动词同时(not) doing2）先于主动词 （not）having done独立主格结构：在用分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。如不一致，分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情Module4重点短语：1.hide sth.from sb.隐藏某物不让人发现;对某人隐瞒某事e to an end 完结3.put an end to 结束，终止4.bring. . .to an end 使结束5.in the end 终于;最后6.date back to=dat

25、e from 追溯到，开始于7.dress up 装扮;打扮8.dress up as. . . 装扮成9.dress up in red 穿上红色的衣服10.dress sb.(oneself) 给某人穿衣11.be dress in white 穿着白色衣服12.make. . .with. . . 用在做标记13.make. . .on. . . 在上做记号14.consist of 由组成;由构成15.give up 放弃16.give away 赠送17.give back 归还;恢复健康18.give in to向 让步，屈服于19.give off 发出，放出(气体，气味等)20

26、.give out 分发(试卷等)，筋疲力尽21.take in 收留22.take off 脱掉(衣服);飞机(起飞)23.take on 显现;承担(工作，责任等)24.take place 发生25.take up 开始从事;继续，接下去26.There is/was no need for sb.to do某人没有必要做27.There is no possibility that. . . 不可能28.There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问29.There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义重点知识：Pretendpreten

27、d +that 假装 pretend to do sth. 假装要做某事pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做过某事类似用法happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事appear to be 似乎是 consider sth. to be/as 把当作bookbook 意为预定(票，位子等)order 意为订货，定购常用作及物动词，还可以意为点菜(饭，酒，饮料)既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。dressdress的用法：dress sb./ on

28、eself=(sb).be dressed indress(oneself) upwear的用法：强调状态 (穿着,穿衣戴帽,戴首饰,带笑容)put on 的用法：强调动作(穿上 ) -反义词 take offModule5重点短语：1.retire from 从退休，从退役2.perform ones promise 履行承诺3.perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术4.have an advantage over 比有优势5.have an advantage in 在方面占优势6.take advantage of 利用7.to sbs advantage

29、对某人有利8.have the advantage of 有的优势9.give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺10.under guarantee 在保修期内11.on the increase 正在增加12.together with 加之，连用;和，与13.increase by 增加了(表示增加的比率)14.increase(from) to(从)增长到(表示增加后的结果)15.by chance 偶然的，意外的，碰巧16.take a chance/chances 碰运气/冒险17.protest against/about/at 反对，抗议18.declare sth

30、.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是，断言为19.declare war on/against sb. 对宣战20.declare against 表示反对21.declare for 表示赞同22.declare that. . . 声明，郑重地说23.So what? (非正式)那又怎样呢?结果怎样?24.rise to ones feet 站起身25.pick up 把扶起来;接某人;收听;好转26.Thats not the point那不是关键;没有说到点子上27.to the point 很得要领的;中肯的28.off the point 离题的29.Theres no poin

31、t in. . .干没有用;干没有意义重点知识：winwin vt. &vi. 其宾语不是竞争对手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名词。beat和defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手advantage have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有优势take advantage of 利用机会等;某人的处境、弱点等to ones advantage =to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利chance(the) chances are (that) ./ The chance is that

32、 .很可能.(It is likely / probable / possible that)There is no chance that .不可能There is a chance that /of 有可能seize /grasp a chance 抓住机会take a chance /take chances 冒险，碰运气by chance /by accident 碰巧倍数(1).倍数表达法：倍数+ as . as.This room is four times as big as that one. 这个房间是哪个房间的四倍大。The road is twice as long as

33、 that one. 这条路是那条路的2倍长。(2). 倍数的其他结构：倍数 + adj./adv. 的比较级+ than.倍数+ the + 名词(size,length, height,width.)+ of .This room is twice bigger than mine.这个房间是我房间的2倍大。= This room is twice the size of mine.状语从句时间状语从句其连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly hadwhen, scarcely had when, no sooner h

34、ad than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell take a mile. )但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或otherwise， 如：Start at once, or /

35、otherwise youll miss the train. (= If you dont start at once, )让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导名词从句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状

36、语从句He didnt want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.= He didnt want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.Ill give the books to whoever needs themas引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。(though也可以)Tired as he was, he still went on with his workMuch as he likes the bike, he doesnt want

37、 to buy itTry as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now thatbecause: 语气最强，回答why时用becauseWhy are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.since: “既然.” 表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.as: “由于.” 语气较

38、弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句;for不能放在句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.比较状语从句比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。原级 as as not so / as as 比较级: 比较级+ than 最高级：最高级+in / of / among

39、 no more than 和 not more thanHis education added up to no more than one year.They finished the project in not more than one year两者中 “较.的一个用the + 比较级The younger of the twin sisters is more considerationModule6重点短语:1.protect. . .from/against. . . 保护免受2.prevent. . .from/stop. . .from/keep. . .from阻止某人做

40、某事3.be worthy of sth 值得，配得上4.sth.be worthy of being done=sth. be worthy to be done某事值得做5.on the stop 当场，在现场6.in good condition 状况良好，保存得好7.in bad/poor condition状况不佳，破烂不堪8.on one condition 有一个条件9.on condition that 如果，条件是，只要10.on no condition 绝不11.in danger of 有的危险12.out of danger 脱离危险13.be in fashion

41、在流行14.be/go out of fashion 不流行/过时15.take aim at 瞄准16.aim sth.at 用瞄准17.aim at 针对，瞄准;目标是做18.aim to do 旨在做，意欲做，打算做19.be aimed at 目的是;旨在;针对20.involve sb.in 使某人卷入21.be involve in 涉及到，卷入，专心于22.focus on 注意，集中于23.focus ones attention/eyes on把注意力/目光集中于24.be concerned with 与有关，涉及25.as/so far as Im concerned 就我而言，依我看来26.as far as sth.is concerned 就某事而言27.stand for 代表，象征28.set up 建立;成立29.set about 散布(谣言等);开始忙碌30.set off 出发;引爆，引发某人(哭，笑)31.set down 使(飞机)着陆;放下;写下32.set out 出发;着手