专升本英语重点归纳(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第三课1. count on: to rely on； depend on 依靠，依赖You can count on my help. 你可以依赖我的帮助4. available adj. 可用到的, 可利用的,Chinese commodities available for export are varied. 中国可供出口的商品种类繁多。Im sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size. 对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。The lawyer is not availab

2、le now.律师现在没空。approachable 可接近的, 平易近人的, 亲切的Youll find the headmaster a very approachable person.你将会发现校长十分平易近人。 9. recall:回忆, 回想, 记起, 取消Recall the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today.想想过去的苦,比比今天的甜。retain:保持, 保留retain an appearance of youth保有年轻的外貌remind:提醒, 使想起Remind me to w

3、rite to Mother.提醒我给妈妈写信。This reminds me of last year.这使我想起去年的事。12. intensively adv. 强烈地, 集中地intensive reading 精读intensive farming细耕农业, 集约农业originally adv. 最初, 原先 originally named Johnston.他原本名叫庄士顿19. intimate adj. 亲密的, 隐私的an intimate letter. 私人信件initial 最初的, 词首的, 初始的the initial issue of a magazine 杂

4、志的创刊号Incredible 难以置信的gave an incredible explanation of the cause of the accident20. look into向.的里面看, 窥视； 浏览；观察, 调查run into 偶然遇见，偶然发现 遭遇，陷入（某件事）ran into an old friend.与一个老朋友不期而遇His net worth runs into seven figures.他的净值达到了七位数come into 继承, 获得（遗产）；开始；进入 Tom came into a fortune when his uncle died.汤姆的叔叔

5、去世后,他得到一大笔钱。put into 使进入, 把.翻译成30.doubt的用法 1. doubt当动词时,在中后面可接if或whether。在否定句及疑问句中可跟that从句。有时在中也能跟that从句,但其含义是恐怕.不会。doubtif(或whether)hewillwin.我怀疑他能否赢。dontdoubtthathewillwin. 我毫不怀疑他会成功。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?你怀疑他会成功吗? Idoubtthathewillwin. 恐怕他赢不了。 2. doubtof 对.抱怀疑或悲观态度。 Theprojectbeganbadlyandwedoub

6、tofitsfurtherprogress. 这项工程开始就不顺利,我们怀疑能否继续进行。3. nodoubt后接that从句或介词of。 Wehavenodoubtthatyouwillsucceed. Wehavenodoubtofyoursuccess. 我们毫不怀疑你会成功。 Thereis(Itis误)nodoubtthatyouwillsucceed. 毫无疑问你会成功。 33.虚拟语气it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable, critical，crucial, desirable, essentia

7、l, imperative, important, incredible, inevitable, necessary, recommend, strange, urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略)；如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。虚拟语气:一、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 1虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词

8、用“would / could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could (should) + have + 过去分词”。例如：I wish that the rain would stop. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”或是“动词原形”。例如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.Would (had) rather, would just as soon, would so

9、oner, would prefer + 从句结构这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。例如： Id rather (that) she stayed at home in such a bad health condition.expect, believe, think, suspect, imagine等动词的否定或疑问形式的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形。例如：I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.2虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从

10、句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。例如：It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad3虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。常用的形容词：natural， necessary， important， urgent， probable， desirable， advisable, essential，常用的过去分词：required, demanded,

11、 suggested, ordered recommended,。例如：Its necessary that we should have a walk now.二、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用1虚拟语气在as if / as though、even if / even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。例如：She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.2 虚拟语气用于句型“It is (about /

12、high) time (that).”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 (be用were) 或should + 动词原形。例如：It is high time (that) we began to work.3虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。例如：If only he could come tomorrow. 4虚拟语气用在“for fear that”引起的状语从句中,其形式为should +动词原形（should不能省略）。例如： She put a blanket over that baby for fear that he should catch cold.第四课21、

13、独立主格结构在句中作状语，有自己的逻辑主语, 表示一种伴随的动作或情况。主语+（副词、介词短语、形容词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式）+其它。22. consist of 由构成： consist in 在于The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。consist with 一致，符合Theory should consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致。30. lay off: 解雇员工; lay down:放弃并投降;规定 rules; lay out:设计;展览49. on be

14、half of 代表, 为了; on sb.s behalf 以某人的名义; 为了某人; 代表某人My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表他向你们致谢。51. access:通路, 访问, 入门; have access to: 有通路，有可能，有权利The only access to the town is across the bridge.到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。Citizens may have free accessto the li

15、brary.市民可以自由使用图书馆。54. for fear that 唯恐, 害怕; In case 万一Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。in case of 如果；万一In case of rain they cant go.万一下雨，他们就不能去了。56.run down 停掉，耗尽,筋疲力尽 The alarm clock finally ran down.闹钟终于停了run into 偶然遇见，偶然发现;遭遇，陷入（某件事）ran into trouble 陷入麻烦run through

16、穿透，刺穿run over: 碾过; 与相撞、撞倒，浏览The car ran over a child.那辆汽车碾过了孩子run over a speech before giving it.演说之前浏览一下演讲稿第五课25. event 事件;社交场合，活动; （体育运动） 比赛项目; 结果；accident 意外事件, 事故；incident 事件, 事变。33. survive幸免于, 幸存, 生还Few survived after the flood.洪水过后，生还者极少。The man was very ill, but he survived.这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。

17、He survived his wife for many years.他比妻子多活好多年。(outlive,live longer than )例如：Please take notes while listening to the report. When explaining it to her, you should be patient. 40. decline：To express polite refusal.婉拒，谢绝reject 拒绝; 否决, 驳回, 丢弃refuse 拒绝, 谢绝; 表示不情愿（做某事)45. accuse:控告, 谴责, 非难The police accu

18、sed him of murder.警方指控他谋杀。charge:使承担;收费; 控告 （ in charge of: 负责）charged him with the task of watching the young swimmers.使他承担起看护年轻游泳者的任务The police charged him with car theft. Critics charged the writer with a lack of originality.警方以偷车罪指控他。评论家指责这位作家缺少独创性47. account for 导致，引起Bad weather accounted for t

19、he long delay.长期的延缓是因为坏天气做出解释，说明：The suspect couldnt account for his time that night.嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排count on： rely on; depend on:依靠，依赖：You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助56. Angry as he was, he had to smile.Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.用带as的倒装结构表示让步意义，表示强烈的对照。补语代词和系动词副词as代词和行为动词倒装结构:学生容

20、易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之，编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep)提前全倒装，其它句式部分倒；否定提前倒助动，让步状语倒表语；复合句式倒主句不倒装的属特殊。A、Here comes the bus(副词提前，全倒装)B、Here he comes.(代词作主语，不倒装)C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前，全倒装)D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前，部分倒装)E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句，表语倒装F、Only when he told

21、me did I realize what trouble he was in(only 修饰状语，主句倒装G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语不倒装)H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前，部分倒装 第六课2. condemn sb.s behaviour 谴责某人的举动condemn sb. to death 判某人死刑lecture:严肃地劝导或责备 He always lecturs me about

22、my manners.总是训斥我的礼貌reflects on her countrys place in history.思考她的国家在历史上的地位3. run out:用完；耗尽：Our supplies finally ran out.我们的供给终于耗尽了逐出：强使离去；驱逐：We ran him out of town.期满：因期满或疏漏而无效：an insurance policy that had run out.已过期的保险单 5. much less 更不用说I can hardly walk, much less run.我几乎走不动，更不用说跑了。much more 更何况I

23、t is difficult to understand his theses, much more his lectures.“他写的论文很难懂,他的讲座就更难懂了。14. figure out 算出；了解We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。18. convict vt.（常与of连用）证明有罪；He was convicted of murder.他被判犯有谋杀罪

24、。25. substitute A for B 用A代B substitute sb. by with another用别人接替某人28. incompatible adj.不能和谐共存的 His plan is incompatible with my intentions.他的计划与我的意图相抵触。Water is incompatible with fire.水火不相容。第七课take (full) advantage of sth. to do:充分利用某事物去做show interest in (对产生兴趣)provide sb. with sth.(给某人提供某物)gain pro

25、fit from (从中获得利益)5. much less 更不用说I can hardly walk, much less run.我几乎走不动，更不用说跑了。much more 更何况It is difficult to understand his theses, much more his lectures.“他写的论文很难懂,他的讲座就更难懂了。14. figure out 算出；了解We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。I couldnt figure out who the lady with th

26、e sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。18. convict vt.（常与of连用）证明有罪；He was convicted of murder.他被判犯有谋杀罪。25. substitute A for B 用A代B substitute sb. by with another用别人接替某人28. incompatible adj.不能和谐共存的 His plan is incompatible with my intentions.他的计划与我的意图相抵触。Water is incompatible with fire.水火不相容。第八课3. get away

27、脱身，逃脱;离开，走开get off 起程;开火get over 做完；痊愈，康复;克服It took me a long time to get over my cold.我的感冒过了很久才好。Can we get over this difficulty?我们能克服这个困难吗？get through 接通（电话）让人了解;完成Get it through to him that he must rest.要让他了解他该休息了。4. Birds differ from mammals. 鸟类与哺乳动物不同。People vary in intelligence. 人的智力因人而异distin

28、guish 辨别; （常与from, between连用）区别；区分Can you distinguish between those two objects?你能区分那两个物体吗?Speeches distinguishes man from the animals.言语使人区别于动物。5. bring about 引起; 致使; 造成; 达成bring off 实现，完成：bring off a successful advertising campaign.赢得了一场广告战bring out 出版；生产；制造to bring out a new kind of soapbring to

29、使恢复知觉7. take after 相似She takes after her mother.take off 脱掉（衣服）;（飞机）起飞I take my hat off to him for the way he arranged the party.我对他安排社交聚会的方式表示佩服。The plane took off at three oclock.飞机三点钟起飞了。take down 拿下，拆开；拆散;记下take down the Christmas tree.take from 减去; 减损; 降低11. find 找到, 发现, find out发现;揭露；查出found a

30、 solutionPlease find out what time the delegation will come.请查一查代表团什么时候来。12. waste away 日益消瘦, 日渐衰弱use up 用光，用光，耗尽：used up all our money.go off离开, 去世, 消失, 变质wear out 消瘦, 穿破, 用坏, 疲劳14. fast 和 rapid 通常可以互换， 然而fast 更多指运动中的人或物， 而rapid 指相关的活动或运动： a fast car; 飞驰的汽车；a rapid mountain stream; 轻快的山溪；Quick 大多指花

31、费极少时间或反应或动作的敏捷：Lets eat a quick snack. 让我们吃一顿快餐吧! 16. whole， all， entire， gross， total这三个形容词所共同的中心意思是“包括每个成分或个体”：a whole town devastated by an earthquake; 地震所破坏的整个镇子；all the class going on a field trip; 参加郊游的全体班级成员；entire freedom of choice; 完全的选择自由；gross income; 总收入；the total cost. 全部费用 (partial) 总计

32、，总额，总数 18. now thatNow (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了, 就不应该依靠你的父母。Now(that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study.既然恢复了健康, 他就可以继续学习英语。33. Nothing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。Smoke arose from the chimney.烟从烟筒冒出来。Accidents arise from care

33、lessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。第十课21. come up 显现；出现：升到地平线上：提升，接近The question never came up.从不曾发生过这个问题came up and said e up with宣布或发现; 想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生He couldnt come up with an answer.He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.那时他想不出一个合适的答案。25. ensure保证, 担保; 确保, 确保, 保证Our precautions

34、 ensured our safety.我们的预防措施保证了我们的安全.We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。assure 向保证 ;给予信心；使放心He assured us that the train would be on time.向我们保证火车将会准时到达 The news assured us.这消息使 我们放心了。5. bring about 引起; 致使; 造成; 达成bring off 实现，完成：bring off a successful advertising ca

35、mpaign.赢得了一场广告战bring up 照料，教育（小孩 to bring out a new kind of soapbring forward 呈上；提出：bring forward proof.提交证据7. agree on 对意见一致 agree with 一致；相符合 agree with sb. 同意某人的话 适宜健康；与相宜 The liquor did not agree with me.这酒不适合我喝。34. in regard ofto /with regard to 关于in terms of 以的观点；就而in touch with 同.有联系in line w

36、ith 符合37. bear， endure， stand， suffer， toleratebear 更多地适用于承受的能力：I couldnt bear his lying.suffer 侧重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事”。endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。What cant be cured must be endured.治不好的病就必须忍受.tolerate 和 stand 都表示“忍受令人生厌的事”stand 常与 bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”。40.愉快的,迷人的，可爱的a lovely mea

37、l 愉快的一餐a lovely cool drink 沁人心脾的冷饮Your portable computer is a lovely job.你的手提电脑真不错。have a lovely time 过得很愉快others 和some对比使用时, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他”讲, Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。the others 是“其余的”意思, 表示在一个范围内的其他全部。This dictionary is better than the others. 这本字典比别其余的好。th

38、e other 是其中的“另一个”, Give me the other one; not this one. 给我那一个, 不是这一个。两个中的“另一个”是“the other”; 不定数目中的“另一个”是“another” , This glass is broken. Get me another. 这个杯子坏了, 给我另拿一个来。(在许多杯子中的一个)One .anotherThere to be 和 there being 的用法 There+be是一种常见的“表示存在”的句型。 There+be后可接名词或动名词。 There must be rules for the chang

39、es. 这些变化一定是有规则的。 There is no knowing what may happen. 谁也不知道将要发生什么事。下面就there to be 和 there being 的用法做一简要介绍。.there to be 的用法1) 用作动词的复合宾语。 Would you like there to be a picture on the wall?你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？We don want there to bve any commrade lagging behind.我们不希望有一个同志掉队。 I dont want there to bwe any misunde

40、rstanding between us.我不希望我们之间有什么误会。 2) 用在It be + adj. for.的结构中 It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能在有机会了。 It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚，不会有汽车了。 We waited for there to be another opportunity.我们期待着还有下一次机会。2. there being 的用法 1) 用作介词后的复合宾语I never dreamed of there being

41、 a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。 I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us. 认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。2) 作状语用的独立结构There being nothing to do, we went home.因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.由于身边没有别人，我只得自己干了。 第十一课1. attach to 加于之上No blame attaches

42、to him for the accident.这个事故他没有受到责备。We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一位。第十二课答案21-40ACDDC DAABD DBACB 41-60CBACD DBBBD AADBD CCDCA61-75BDCAC CADCB CADCC76. 今来信告知有关上月贵公司发货给我们的ESPSON 激光打印机事宜，并就上互联网一事向你们请教。77. 您也许记得4月18日我们收到你们发来的25台ESPSON激光打印机。78. 令人遗憾的是，其中

43、三台打印机不能正常工作 送抵不顺，而且打印也经常不清晰。79. 如果你们能尽快派一名工程师前来解决这些问题，我们将十分感激。80. 我们还想在今年使我部上互联网，请你把目前所掌握的关于最新一代调制解调器的信息寄给我好吗？ClozeCABCD CDABC CDDBC ACDBC写 作A Letter of Apology:256 Weeton Road,2nd Floor,Hong Kong7th June, 2004 Dear David, I am very sorry that I could not meet you last night. I hope that you did not

44、 wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She was a long time at the doctors and she arrived home very late. I ran all the way to the bus-stop, but I had already missed the bus. I decided to get on a tram and I arrived at the New

45、 York Theatre at eight oclock. I did not think that you would still be there because I was three-quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will forgive me.Your friend,PeterA Letter of Congratulation:55 Fifth AvenueNew York 10003October 19th, 2002Mr. Joseph R. Smith4903 Ellis AvenueChicago, Illinois 60607Dear Mr. Smith,As soon as I heard of your election to the board of directors of your firm, I felt I must write you to let you know how happy I am in your advancement.All of your friends have felt that, in spite of the great difficulties you have