2020版-第2部分-板块2-第3讲-构词法(共13页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第3讲构词法全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic (energy)2(2018全国卷) A taste for meat is actually (

2、actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.3(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.1给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；2给出动词，填写名词或形容词；3给出名词，填写形容词。短文改错1(2018全国卷)I

3、 felt happily that their life had improved.happilyhappy2(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.suddenlysudden3(2017全国卷)In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，which is on the rooftop of their house.interestinginte

4、rested1形容词和副词的互相错用；2形容词和名词的互相错用；3ed与ing形容词的互相错用。考点一 形容词加ly变为副词的规律单句语法填空1The boy ran quickly(quick) to school.2“Whats that？” Father shouted angrily(angry)3The little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.4Your composition is badly(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise

5、 more attentively(attend)next time.1一般情况加ly。如：realreally；carefulcarefully；politepolitely；quickquickly2“辅音字母y”结尾的，将y改为ily。如：angryangrily；busybusily；heavyheavily3以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probableprobably；possiblepossibly4个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：truetruly5以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basicbasically；energeticenergetically名师点津有的名词l

6、y形容词，如：friendfriendly；daydaily考点二 动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀.单句语法填空1He is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.2The good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)3He is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.4They are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.5Th

7、e flower is harmful(harm) to our health.单句改错6Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balancebalanced7(2019大庆调研)I dont think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reasonreasonable后缀例词ableacceptacceptabl

8、e可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinueco

9、ntinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的curiositycurious好奇的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary

10、想象中的考点三 动词变名词的后缀.单句语法填空1(2019泰安一模)It is necessary to have a physical examination(examine) every year.2Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)3Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.单句改错4(2019湖北八校联考)It is a very effective way t

11、o learn the language and improve your pronounce.pronouncepronunciation后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存anceenceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱iontionationcompetecompetition比赛；竞争inviteinvitation邀请；请柬explainexplanation解释(ss)

12、iondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗ureturefailfailure失败；没做到presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendenc

13、y趋向；趋势考点四 形容词变名词的后缀.单句语法填空1Im doing Toms job in his absence(absent)2How much is the postage(post)for the package.3He has the ability(able)to do the job.单句改错4(2019山师大附中月考)We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strongstrength后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyeff

14、icientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自在wisewisdom明智；智慧cedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thgrowgrowth成长；发展strongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth温暖；热情ytyitysafesafety安全disabledisability无能；伤残responsiblerespon

15、sibility责任考点五 表示人的后缀单句语法填空1The famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.2We should respect everyone，even a beggar(beg)3My boss is not here.Do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)?后缀例词erteachteacher老师villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人(注：cookcooker炉灶，炉具)arlieliar说谎者eeemployemployee受雇

16、者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者traintrainee受训练的人；学员orinventinventor发明家actactor男演员educateeducator教育家；教师essactactress女演员godgoddess女神hosthostess女主人；女主持人eseChinaChinese中国人JapanJapanese日本人nAmericaAmerican美国人AustraliaAustralian澳洲人ianmusicmusician音乐家historyhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客istnovelnovelist

17、小说家specialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者antserveservant仆人participateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；图书管理员考点六 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀.单句语法填空1(2019青岛一模)As they couldnt play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.2People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishones

18、t(honest)3Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.单句改错4(2019张掖月考)I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaninglessmeaningful前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合

19、逻辑的impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解nonnonsmoker不吸烟者nonstop直达的unusualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的后缀lesshopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的考点七 变动词的前缀和后缀单句语法填空1

20、Travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.2The clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull story.3He eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist.前/后缀例词前缀enableenable使能够largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实后缀enbroadbroaden(使)变宽riperipen(使)成熟sharpsharpen使尖锐widewiden加宽ifyclass

21、classify把分类justjustify证明正确simplesimplify简化izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize强调考点八 ed形容词和ing形容词单句语法填空1The frightening shout frightened the boys.The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened(frighten)2His surprised look suggested that he knew nothing about it.(surprise)3The story sounds i

22、nteresting and we are interested in the story.(interest)一些动词，如excite，disappoint，encourage，puzzle，surprise，confuse，interest，satisfy，please，shock，astonish，disturb，bore等，其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。易错提示此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时，动词的ing形式和动词的e

23、d的区别：动词的ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人的”；动词的ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。.单句语法填空1Fortunately(fortunate), Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.2Its still a useful and pleasant form of communication(communicate)3It is not surprising(surprise) that young people

24、are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.4Chinese scientists recently(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.5The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.6So

25、me schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.7We should see failure(fail) as a requirement for moving towards our goals.8You can live a more powerful(power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.9Ants

26、 are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and make preparations(prepare) for the long cold winter.10It is dangerous(danger) for a woman to walk alone at night.单句改错1With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something amazed.amazedamazing2In the laboratory, chimp

27、s dont naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand，are extremely cooperate.cooperatecooperative3(2018兰州模拟)When we felt hunger，we went out and had lunch.hungerhungry4The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.tastetasty5They are true good birds that are worth every effort we

28、 put into recovering them.truetruly.语法填空On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1 (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2. rest of the class seemed no

29、t to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3. (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, 4 (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！” All students stopped 5. (look) at her. And she c

30、ontinued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6 the walls of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.7 (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8. ， she won

31、 respect from the students.Over the years, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9. she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and 10. (confident)【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名老师通过努力最终将问题班级转化成优秀班级的故事。1had quit(ted)考查动词的时态。辞职动作发生在“She was told

32、”之前，因此需用过去完成时。2the考查冠词。“the rest of .”是固定短语，意为“其余的”。3left考查非谓语动词。过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。4picked考查动词的时态。老师走上讲台，拿起粉笔在黑板上写字，构成并列谓语。and连接三个并列的谓语动作，由walked, wrote可知，此处填所给词的过去式。5to look考查非谓语动词。所有学生都停下当时所做的事情来看老师，故使用“stop to look”。6on/onto考查介词。把规则张贴到墙上，故使用“post . on/onto the wall”。7Surprisingly考查词性转换。副词修饰整个句子，翻译为

33、“令人惊讶的是”。8instead考查副词。承接前文可知此处表述令人惊讶的是，Sally并没有像其他老师那样被赶出去，反而赢得了学生的尊重。副词instead “反而，相反”，符合语境。9as考查定语从句。正如她所期待的那样。as引导非限制性定语从句。10confidence考查词性转换。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。.短文改错Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor. He was once thought to be a boy whom was not worth educating. In

34、fact, he was a man full of imaginations.I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to having more than 1，000 inventions. In his lifetime, he were always eager to know how things worked. He was also very diligent and work day and night. And this explained why he ha

35、d so much great inventions.Success can never be easy achieved. Probably I cant be another Edison himself, but I will work hard to be a worthy person.【答案】Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man f

36、ull of .I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to more than 1，000 inventions. In his lifetime, he always eager to know how things worked. He was also very diligent and day and night. And this explained why he had so great inventions.Success can never be achieved. Probably I cant be another Edison ， but I will work hard to be a worthy person.专心-专注-专业