英语十六大时态总结(共13页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语十六大时态总结 英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)：一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying过去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have

2、studiedwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying过去将来should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过

3、去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。一. 一般现在时用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天

4、下午3点开车。）How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词

5、do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二. 一般过去时用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, lon

6、g long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三. 现在进行时(be doing) 概念：表示现或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：用法：A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时

7、间正在发生的动作。例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was

8、/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时(have done)用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。注意事项 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。时间状语：recently, lately,

9、sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。六. 过去完成时(had done)概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打

10、算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.、be to do be about to 、一般现在时表将来 、现在进行时表将来。否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。分别用法：A) 基本结构是will / shall do。例：We

11、 shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于现在进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）C) 表示“打算

12、去，要”时，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.E) be to do 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。例：The coach is on the point of giving up t

13、he game because our team has been scored 7 points. 例：2005年6月大学四级第65题I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) in B) to C) at D) on答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”注意事项：在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unles

14、s等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were

15、/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。例 I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）九 现在完成进行时(have been doing)用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。例：We have been working on this

16、 project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。十、 将来完成时(will have done)用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。例 The conference _ a full week by the tim

17、e it ends.A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted以下六种时态考察较少十一. 将来进行时(will be doing)用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以

18、关于本时态的注意事项，可参考一般将来时和现在进行时的有关注意事项。十二、将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ，will have been doing例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）十三、过去完成进行时：had been doing例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for sever

19、al times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）十四、过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing 例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最

20、好用将来进行时。）（此句为被动语态）十五、 过去将来完成时：should have done , would have done例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）十六、 过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing例：They said that

21、 by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）动词时态练习题Go for it grade 7 (上)动词时态和形式一、在英语表达中，发生在不同时间的动作，谓语动词的表现形式是不一样的。这样就形成了不同的时态。你能判断下列各是什么时态，并根据要求做题吗？（一） 下列情况叫什么时态？_。1 定义：表示目前经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2 标志词：usually, often, always, som

22、etimes, every等。如：I often get up at six.3 完成下列各题：1) My name_is_Li Ming and I_is_ a worker. (be)2) Amy often _reads_ (read) books in the evening.3) Sometimes Sarah_have_ (have) an English class.4) Lucy with her sister_likes_ (like) science.5 What _does_ tom usually _do_ (do) at the weekend?6) Where _a

23、re_(be) Liu Yun now? She is at home.4.根据不同的划线部分对句子进行提问:1) Tom listens to the radio every morning. (变一般疑问句,并作肯定与否定回答) _? 肯定回答:_. 否定回答:_. 2) Tom listens to the radio every morning. （划线部分提问） _?3) Tom listens to the radio every morning. (划线部分提问） _?4) Tom listens to the radio every morning. (划线部分提问） _?(二

24、) 下列情况是什么时态? _.1. 定义: 表示对将来的打算或准备做什么。2 标志词：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, from now on ,next year, next week, in fifteen minutes, in five days, in the future, soon等. 如: I am going to school tomorrow.3. 用所给词的适当形式填空:1) Zhang Peng _(play) football tomorrow.2) We _(have) a picnic next week.3) I _(be) a scie

25、ntist in twenty years time.4) Liu Yun with her parients _(go) to Beijing next month.5) What _ you _ _ _tomorrow? We are going to climb a mountain.（三） 下列情况是什么时态？ _.1.定义:表示目前正在进行的动作或发生的事情。2标志词： now； look！； Listen！； Its seven oclock；Dont make any noise等。如： Look！The monkeys are climbing the mountain.3.

26、用所给词的正确形式完成句子。1) The students _ (have) an English class. 2) Listen！Amy _(sing) a pop song.3) What are you doing now?We _(fly) kites.4) Its seven oclock. The Greens _ (talk) and _(watch) TV. 5) Dont make any noise. Dad is _(read) a piece of newspaper and my baby sister _(sleep).4. 根据不同的划线部分对句子进行提问。1)

27、 The students are having a meeting in the classroom. （变一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）_? _. _.2) The students are having a meeting in the classroom. (划线部分对句子进行提问)_?3) The students are having a meeting in the classroom. (划线部分对句子进行提问)_?4) The students are having a meeting in the classroom. (划线部分对句子进行提问) _?5) The stud

28、ents are having a meeting in the classroom. (划线部分对句子进行提问) _?6) _. (用tomorrow 改写句子)二、下列情况虽不能称为句子的时态，但也表明了一些动词的用法，也就是说非谓语动词的用法。（一） 不定式：I want _(go) home. Id like _(swim) this afternoon.He asked me _(help) him with his English.Let me _ (tell) you a story. The song made her _ (smile).They have us _ (sit

29、) behind them. He told me _ (leave) at once.He teach me how _(climb) a tree. Tell the boy not _(sit) like that.（二）现在分词或动名词：Lets go _(swim) tomorrow. She _(do) some _ (clean) now.I enjoy _(sing) English songs. I am good at _(draw).Knife is used for _(cut).用所给动词的适当形式填空9. _ (be) everything OK?Is10. Nob

30、ody _ (know) the answer to the question.knows11. Ten divided by two _ (be) five.isdivided by用.除,除以12. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.is13. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises everyday.do14. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.hasmade a wrong decision

31、做出一个错误的决定15. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.are16. Bread and butter _ (be) her daily breakfast.isBread and butter 涂黄油的面包17. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.arepolice 警察队，警察机关policeman 警察18. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number ofthem _ absent for different r

32、easons. was; were | | | | 浏览(2268) | (15) 网友评论 1 2008-01-08 23:111.I will tell him as soon as he _ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came B 2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies A try on v.试穿, 试验 when 在这里当一. 就.或然后的意思， 3. The girl often _ cold

33、when she _. A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee B catch cold感冒 4. -_ he _ himself there? -No, I dont think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy D 5. -_ your teacher _ from them very often? -Certainly. A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. recei

34、ve B hear from 接到.的信， receive from 收到， 2 2008-01-08 23:116. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays? A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do C Sundays于每星期日adv. 7. -_ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? -Yes, he _. A. Has xdoes B. Hasxdoes C. Doeshashas D. Does havedoes D 9. -Smith does not go f

35、ishing on weekdays, _? - _ , he does. A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesnt heNo D. doesnt heYes B 10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ? A. goesdoesnt B. goesisnt C. doesnt godoes D. doesnt gois A C从语义上不通 11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching B

36、12. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed B 13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. doesnt speak C. speaks D. doesnt speak C nor离动词近，所以要以nor后面接的代词单或复数来定谓语动词 3 2008-01-09 22:4214. Nobody _ how to run this machines. A . know B. have known C. knows D. is

37、 knowing C 15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day. A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries D Young Pioneer 少先队 17. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ . A. playing dance B. playing dancing C. play dancing D. play dance B while和when的区别就是，while是表示动作在同时进行，而when不是

38、 18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins D 19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ? A. Doesgets B. Doesget C. Isgetting D. Isgeting C 20. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writingis writing B. is writin

39、g writes C. writes is writing D. writes writes C TV play电视剧 21. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday. A. gogo B. am going go C. go am 4 2008-01-09 22:4222. Look, they_ a good time, _ they ? A. havedo B. havedont C. are havingare D. are having arent D 23. You _ about the future now, _ you ? A. d

40、ont thinkdont B. arent thinking arent C. dont think do D. arent thinking are D 26. I _that the boy _ with no tears in his eyes. A. noticed cryed B. noticed cried C. noticed cried D. noticed cryed B 27. We _the floor and _ all the windows. A. mopped cleanned B. moped cleanned C. mopped cleaned D. mop

41、ed cleaned C mop（用拖把）拖洗 28. When I _ the Childrens Palace, the children _ with joy. A. visited jumpped B. visited jumped C. visited jumped D. visited jumpped B 5 2008-01-09 22:4329. _ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they _. A. Did they have did B. Did they have had C. Had they had D. Had they did

42、A 30. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _. A. Didwentwent B. Did go went C. Did went did D. Did go did D 31. _ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest? A. Did went stopped B. Did go stop C. Did went stop D. Did go stopped B 6 2008-01-10 22:4132. You gave them a talk two days ago, _you ? Yes, I _. A. did