外研版必修五module2重点知识与练习(共8页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上.单词荟萃1. _ adj.令人满意的 _ adj.感到满意的 satisfy v使人满意 _ n. 满意 adj. 充满压力的，紧张的 _ adj.感到压力的 stress n. 压力 v强调3. volunteer n志愿者v. 志愿，自愿 _ adj. 志愿的，义务的4. direct v. 指挥，指导，指路adj.直接的，坦率的 adv.直接地 _ adv.直接地；立即，马上 _ n. 指导，指挥，方向 _ n指导者，主管；董事；导演directory n. (电话)号码簿 adj. 合格的，称职的 _ v使具有资格，使合格 qualification n资格

2、， 限制条件6. _ v. 冻僵 ，冻住；使呆住n.(物价或工资的)冻结 _ adj. 极冷的 _ adj.被冻住的，冷冻的freezer n. 冰箱7. _ vt.签字；做手势示意n. 迹象，征兆；标牌；手势 signature n签名8. apply v. 申请 ，应用 _n. 申请，申请书9. require v. 需要，要求 _ n. 要求，必要条件10. _ v. 遭受(痛苦)，经历suffering n痛苦，苦难 n个性，性格 _ adj.私人的， 亲自的 _ adv.就个人而言；亲自 person n人.短语检测专心-专注-专业1尤其；特别 2平均 3. 脱离；坠落；分开 4理论

3、上；从理论上来说 5实际上；实践中 6遵守规则 7靠生活 8以为理所当然 9经过 10对产生影响 11志愿/主动做某事 12要求某人来，召唤出动 13一周又一周 14占据 15适合/有资格做某事 16. (未)注意到 17申请 18作为的回应 19休假一天 20与有关 in particular on average come off in theory in practice respect/obey the rules live on takefor granted pass by have an effect on volunteer to do sth. call out week i

4、n, week out take up be qualified for sth./to do sth. take (no) notice of apply for in response to have a day off be related to .佳句再现1Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle _ the road _ . 尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周会有一辆车掉下公路。2But often they just _,_ _ . 但他们经常只是从他身边驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。3. _

5、 send me more information about the post(s) available. 如果你们能把更多的有关这些工作的信息寄给我的话，本人将非常感激。4I _ your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter. 我现在写信应征你的广告，求一份当服务员的临时工作。.词汇学习1offervi. & vt. 主动提出，提议；出价 n. 建议；提供；出价(1)offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb向某人提供某物(2)offer money for

6、sth. 出钱买某物offer sth. for money 要价卖某物【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子He _ me. 他主动提出帮助我。2单项填空Theyve _ us $150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?Aprovided Bsupplied Cshown Doffered【解析】 D本题考查offer表示“出价”的意思。offer sb. some money for sth. 意为“向某人出价买某物”，又由“Shall we take it? ”可知offer最符合句意。 2applyvi. (to make a formal requ

7、est)申请，请求；(to have an effect on or to concern a particular person, group, or situation)适用(1)application n. 申请；申请书；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人(2)apply (to sb./sth.) for sth.(向某人/某组织)申请某物apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply sth. to sth. 将某物应用于某物apply to适用于apply oneself to sth./doing sth.专心致力于(做)某事【活学活用】(1)Im going

8、 to _ . 我打算申请那个职位。(2)Do the same rules _ ? 同样的规则是否适用于兼职工人？(3)The new technology _ farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。3requirevt. 需要，要求(1)requirement n.所需要的东西；必要的条件，必备的条件meet/satisfy requirements 满足需要/必备的条件 (2)require that sb.(should) do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事require sb. to do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事require sth. of sb.向某人要求某物 re

9、quire doing需要被做(3)as required按照要求 required reading指定读物【易混辨析】require, request和demand不同点：(1) require意为“要求”，表示“要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。如：If you are required to do or have something, a law or rule says you must do it or have it. (2)request(to ask for sth. officially)意为“请求”，表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。 (3)dem

10、and(to ask for something very firmly，especially because you think you have a right to do this)意为“要求”，表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。(4)require 和demand 都可以表示“需要”的意思，而request 无此用法。如：This sport demands patience and strength. 这项运动需要耐力和体力。The matter requires careful handling. 这件事情需要谨慎处理。(5)require/request

11、 sb. to dobe required/requested to do；demand to do；demand sb. to do()(6)“require 动名词”时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。如：My car requires ( wants/needs) repairing. 我的汽车需要修理。相同点：demand，require和request都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且从句中的谓语动词要用“should 动词原形”形式，其中should可以省略。【活学活用】(1)His health requires that _ . 照他的

12、健康状况而论，他需要早睡。(2)I requested them _ such a noise. 我请求他们别这样喧闹。 (3)The house _ .这房子需要刷油漆。(4)I _ the truth. 我要求知道真相。n. & v. 要求；需要；查问(1)demanding adj. 要求高的，需要高技能(耐心等)的，费力的；苛求的(2)demand that sb. (should)do sth.要求某人做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand sth. from/of 向要求，向索取(3) in demand非常需要的； 受欢迎的 meet/satisfy

13、ones demands满足某人的需要 (the/a great)demand for对的需求【活学活用】(1) He demands that _ everything. He demands _ everything.他要求将一切都告诉他。(2)“Where are you going？”she _ . “你要去哪里？”她气势汹汹地问。(3)Good secretaries are always _ . 好的秘书总是非常需要的。(4)This is a _ job. So there is _ skilled workers.这是一份要求很高的工作。因此很需要技术熟练的工人。5suffer

14、vi.&vt. (to experience physical or mental pain or sth. unpleasant )遭受/经历(痛苦等)；吃苦头，受损害(1)suffering n. 疼痛，苦难，痛苦(2)suffer from 受之苦，患之病suffer pain/damage/loss/a defeat遭受痛苦/损害/损失/失败【活学活用】(1) Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. (英译汉) 你要是总踢足球， _。 (2)Do you _ headaches?你受头痛的困扰吗？6availabl

15、eadj. (of things) that can be used or obtained (指物)可用的或可得到的；(of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc.(指人)可会见的，有空的【活学活用】(1) _ from the box office. 在售票处可以买到票。(2) _ in the afternoon. 我下午有空。 【活学活用】(1)We like to read Lu Xuns essays _ . 我们特别喜欢读鲁迅的文章。(2)He is very _ food. 他吃东西特别挑剔。.短语学习1in particular(es

16、pecially)尤其，特别be particular about/over sth. 对某事挑剔；对某物讲究2pass by(sb./sth.)to go past a person, place, vehicle, etc.经过(1)passerby n. 过路者(复数passersby) (2)pass away 去世(委婉的说法)pass sth. down (from sb. to sb.)把往下传,传给后人pass sth. on (to sb.) 把某物传给(某人)【活学活用】(1)Somebody _ asked me the way to the square. 一个过路人向

17、我打听去广场的路。(2)Please _ the other students. 请把口信传给其他的同学。3take sb./sth. for granted视某人/某事为当然take it for granted that (to believe that sth. is true without making sure)理所当然地认为【活学活用】(1)Dont _ . 不要把他的帮助视为理所当然。(2)I _ that youd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. 我理所当然地认为你想和我们一起去，所以给你买了一张票。4take

18、up占据(时间/空间)；开始从事(爱好或工作)；接受(挑战等)；继续讲/做；站好位置以备take back承认说了错话；收回某言语；退回 take down记下take in欺骗/蒙骗； 吸入； 收留；领会，理解take on呈现(某种性质、样子等)；雇用；接受(工作)；承担(责任等)【活学活用】1根据语境选择take up合适的意义afill or occupy (the specified space or time)bto become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it start a new job or h

19、ave a new responsibilityd. to accept an offer, or a challenge e. to move to the exact place where you should be, so that you are ready to do sth.f. to continue a story or activity that you or somebody else has begun, after a short break(1)When did you take up gardening? _(2)The little time I had out

20、side of school was taken up with work. _(3)Rick took up the challenge and cycled the 250mile route alone. _(4)Ill take up the story where you left off. _(5)Peter will take up the management of the finance department. _(6)The runners are taking up their positions on the starting line. _2根据语境用take短语的适

21、当形式填空(1)Her face _ a fierce expression. (2)Dont _too much workthe extra cash isnt worth it. (3)Youd better _ that remark!(4)He _ his first teaching post in 1990. 3单项填空The crazy fans of Jay Chou arrived at his concert hall two hours earlier to _ the front row seats. Atake out Btake off Ctake on Dtake

22、 up【解析】 D本题考查动词短语辨析。take up意为“占据(位置)，占用(时间)”；take out意为“带出去，领取”；take on意为“呈现，承担，聘用，接纳”；take off意为“起飞，脱下，休假”。句意为：周杰伦的歌迷提前两个小时到达演唱会现场，是为了占前排的座位。5live on以某物为食；靠生活；继续生活或存在live up to符合(标准)；不负(盛名)；履行(诺言)live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生【活学活用】(1) Mozart is dead but his music _ . 莫扎特人已作古， 但他的音乐作品却万世流传。(2)My salary

23、isnt enough for us _ . 我的薪水不够我们生活。(3)He failed to _ his parents expectations/his principles. 他辜负了父母的期望/没有遵守自己的原则。6call out要求某人来，召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况)；大声说出(1)call by/round顺路拜访，短暂地访问call at a place 访问某地 call on sb. 拜访某人(2)call for sb./sth. 去接某人；需要，要求 call on/upon sb. to do sth.邀请某人讲话等；号召或促使某人做某事call in 召来，叫来

24、；请来帮忙call sb./sth. up给某人打电话/使回忆起、使想起某物【注意事项】call的短语较多，也很容易混淆，请根据下面的例句及其短语的英语解释体会其含义，并掌握用法。(1)The army has been called out to help fight fires. 军队已经被派出协助灭火。(to ask sb. to come, especially to an emergency)(2)The situation calls for prompt action. 形势所迫， 必须立即采取行动。(require, demand or need sth.)(3)I now c

25、all upon the chairman to address the meeting. 我现在邀请主席向大会致辞。(to formally invite or ask sb. to speak, etc.)(4)So I call on all to help those who are suffering. 所以我号召所有的人来帮助那些正在受苦的人。(to appeal to or urge sb. to do sth.)(5)We must call in a doctor. 我们必须请位医生。(to ask for the services of sb.)【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完

26、成句子(1)She _ to her father for help. 她大声向她爸爸喊救命。(2)Ill _ you at 7 oclock.我7点钟到你家接你。(3)Ive been promoted.This _ a celebration!“我升职了。”“那得庆祝一下！”(4)The sound of happy laughter _ memories of his childhood. 这欢笑声使他回忆起了童年时代的情景。2单项填空Ill _ and see my mother on my way home. A. call on B. call out C. call at D.

27、call by【解析】 D句意为：我要在回家的路上顺便看看我的妈妈。A、C、D三项都可以表示“拜访”，call on和call at分别要加人和地点名词作宾语，call by则不能加宾语，因此D正确。.句型学习Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. 有时候司机们给他一点小费，使他能够维持生活。句型公式“名词to do”，不定式作后置定语修饰名词【注意事项】(1)不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系、主谓关系等。试比较：He needs a room to liv

28、e in. (动宾关系)他需要有一间房子住。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (主谓关系)他总是第一个来，最后一个走。The meeting to be held tomorrow is about quality education. (不定式的被动语态表示将来的被动动作)明天要开的会是关于素质教育的。(2)当不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能遗漏。I need a room to put all my things in. 我需要一个房间把我所有的东西都放进去。【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句

29、子John is a pleasant fellow _ .约翰是一个容易相处的好伙伴。2单项填空I would like to buy an expensive camera. Well，we have several models_.Ato choose from Bto choose Cto be chosen Dfor choice【解析】 AB、C两项有较大干扰性。根据上文buy an expensive camera可以得知导购在此让“我”从several models中选一款。to choose from 在此意为to choose one from several models

30、。本句中to choose from似乎没有逻辑主语， 然而本句相当于We have several models for you to choose from。 .选词填空live on，apply for，pass by，in particular，in response to1.I like many science subjects and _ physics is my favorite. 2. You cant _ your parents since you are grown up.3. The man hid behind a tree, ready to attack wh

31、oever might_.4. I am writing _ your letter of June 1st. 5. Many college graduates would like to _ a job as a teacher.单项填空12010湖北卷 Had she _ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University. Alooked up to Blived up to Ckept up with Dcome up with【解析】 B本题考查动词短语辨析。这里是虚拟语气，句意为：如果她履行她的诺言的话，她就在耶鲁大学读书了

32、。look up to表示“尊敬”；live up to实践，遵守，不辜负；keep up with跟上；come up with提出(办法)。2When getting around in a new city alone, you should take particular _ of the road signs so as not to get lost. Apride Bcare Cnotice Dcharge【解析】 Ctake notice of留意，注意到。3Old memories are often _ when you hear a particular song or

33、a piece of music. A. called in B. called on C. called for D. called up【解析】 D本题考查动词短语辨析。call up使回想起，符合语境。call in召来，请来；call on拜访，号召； call for需要，要求。4The air is deadly polluted because some factories dont _ the rules to protect the environment. Aappreciate Bregard Chonor Drespect【解析】 D本题考查动词辨析。respect 除

34、表示“对某人的意见、行为、品德及才华等的尊重”外，还表示“遵守某事物”。appreciate 强调“理解并欣赏其价值”；regard指“十分尊重”，并含有“爱戴”之意；honor指“公开表示尊重”。由题意可知，“空气被严重污染是由于一些工厂没有遵守保护环境的制度”，故选D。5I am sick and tired of my husband _ me for granted!Akeeping Bmaking Ctaking Dplaying【解析】 C本题考查动词固定搭配。takefor granted想当然地认为62011陕西卷 Some insects_the colour of thei

35、r surroundings to protect themselves.A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out【解析】 C本题考查动词短语辨析。take in吸收，欺骗；take off脱掉，起飞，成名；take on呈现，显现，雇用；take out拿出，取出。题干意思是：一些昆虫可以呈现它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。选C。其余选项与题意不符。7_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. AWhat

36、 is required BWhat requires CIt is required DIt requires【解析】 C本题考查require 的用法。It is required that意思是“规章制度要求”。it作形式主语。8If you like, I can do some shopping for you. Thats a very kind_. Aservice Bremark Csuggestion Doffer【解析】 D本题考查名词辨析。offer表示“提议”，而且建议是对方主动提出来的。9That old man was so _ about everything t

37、hat nobody could please him.Aunique Bspecial Cspecific Dparticular【解析】 D本题考查形容词辨析。句意为：那位老人对一切都非常挑剔，没有人能让他高兴。此处particular表示“挑剔的”。前三项分别表示“独一无二的，独特的”，“具体的，专门的”，“具体的，明确的”。10. I know what were doing is legal, but _ it doesnt feel right. Asomehow Banyhow Csomewhat Dhowever【解析】 A本题考查副词辨析。句意为：我知道我们所做的是合法的，但是不知为什么， 总觉得不对劲儿。somehow 意为“由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么地；不知为什么”，符合题意。anyhow无论如何，不管怎样；somewhat 有点，稍微；however然而，可是。