初三英语被动语态讲解与精练(共7页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各

2、种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willbe going to bespoken过去将来时：wouldbe going to bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：waswere beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world

3、. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will be +done; would be +done)A speech

4、 will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is being dis

5、cussed now. 问题正在被讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done) literatureTwo hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被

6、杀害。 6过去完成时(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。四、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成。We can repair this

7、 watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.五、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken

8、by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（3）表示客观的说明常用It is + 过去分词.句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的It is + 过去分词+ that句型还有It is reported th

9、at据报道It is said that据说It is believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建议六、动词的主动形式表示被动之意（1）以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。This book sells well.这本书畅销。（2）下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take placeAn accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。A

10、n accident happened yesterday.（ ）七、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the

11、factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.专项练习1( ) 1 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. oft

12、en sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7 The classroom _

13、every day. A. cleans B. is cleaning C .is cleaned D. has cleaned ( )8 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 9You may go fishing if your work_.A. is done B. will be done C .has done D. done( )10 I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ to help the farmers. A. a

14、sked B. am asked C. was asked D. was asking( )11 A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over.A. was sent B.is sent C. were sent D. is sending( )12 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( )13.Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is

15、 grown C. were grown D. will grow( )14 The bridges_ two years ago.A.is built B. built C. were built D. was built ( )15. A wonderful English talk _ by Mr Liu tomorrow. A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given专项练习2( )1. Good books _ again and again. A. should be readed B. shoul

16、d be read C. must read ( )2. The children _ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after ( )3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. was given, didnt listen ( )4. When_ the accident _ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C

17、. was, happened ( )5. The question _ by us soon. A. will discuss B. is going to be discussed C. has been discussed ( )6. The lab _ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. has been built ( )7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been

18、set up C. were set up ( )8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished ( )9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown. A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrown ( )10. He _ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. always is praised C. have been praised (

19、 )11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. have been taken, are opened ( )12. The picture_ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken ( )13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ . A. has been repaired B. is repaired C.

20、 is being repaired ( )14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown ( )15. Oh, the milk_ strange. Do you think it s OK to drink？ A was tasted B tastes C is tasting综合练习. 完形填空（10分）I used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day. One day I asked h

21、er why she practiced so 16 . She said, “I like basketball and I want to be the 17 player. My dad told me, If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”She never changed her mind. She practiced basketball every day. 18 one day before she graduated from high school, I saw her sitting on the grass

22、 19 . I asked her what was wrong. She told me that her coach said she was 20 short to be a good basketball player. She was heartbroken. Then her father said to her, “If you 21 want to be a good basketball player, nothing but you 22 can stop your dream.” He told her 23 , “If the dream is big enough,

23、the facts dont count.”The next year, she and her team went to a big match. She was 24 by a coach of a famous team and was given a chance to the 25 basketball team.( )16. A. few B. little C. much D. hardly( )17. A. good B. better C. well D. best( )18. A. And B. But C. So D. First of all( )19. A. happ

24、ily B. sleepily C. sadly D. noisily( )20. A. so B. very C. quite D. too( )21. A. really B. possibly C. badly D. successfully( )22. A. himself B. yourself C. herself D. yourselves( )23. A. often B. again C. always D. ever ( )24. A. allowed B. taught C. refused D. noticed( )25. A. mens B. womens C. ch

25、ildrens D. adults. 阅读理解（30分）1970 was “World Conservation Year”. The UN wanted everyone to know that the world was in danger they hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve (保护) nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flo

26、wers in Holland, but now only remain 860. The others have been destroyed(毁坏) by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives here. We cant live without these things. If it continues like this, we shall destroy ourselves.What wil

27、l happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?” The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are helping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in fo

28、rests, and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called NO ONES GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD. It was made by the Beatles and other singers. The money from it will he

29、lp to conserve wild animals.( ) 36. The UN set up “World Conservation Year” because .A. the world was in danger of warB. the government had done something to protect the worldC. many things were destroyed by the technologyD. man and his technology destroyed the earth badly( ) 37. Kinds of plants hav

30、e disappeared in Holland in the past few years.A .860 B. 440 C. 1,300 D. 2,160( ) 38. “NO ONES GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD” is .A. a record B. a song C. a book D. a CD( ) 39. It is impossible to save our world if we .A. plant trees B. clean the banks of riversC. pick rubbish listen to the record( ) 40

31、. The passage mainly tells us_.A. he people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of todayB. hat will happen in the world in the futureC. conservation of nature is necessaryD. everyone has known the importance of conservation of nature since 1970IV、首字母填空One day I found a little g

32、irl sitting in the park sadly. Lots of people passed by but never s_(51)to see why she looked so sad. As I got closer I saw that her b_(52) had a strange shape. Thats a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the r_(53) why people just passed by and make no effort to help. I sat down beside her and said, “Hello

33、!” Then she, in a low voice, said, “Hi.” I smiled and she smiled b_(54), shyly. Then we talked there u_(51) it got dark. I asked the girl why she was so sad. She looked at me and said with a sad face, “Because of the hump.”“But, you make me t_(56)of an angel (天使), sweet and friendly,” I said. She lo

34、oked at me and asked, “Really?” I said, “Yes, I think you are an angel and you come here to watch over all those people walking by.” When she h_ (57)this, the little girl jumped up. “I am! Im an angel!” I was happy because she was no sad any m_(58). After that, my life also changed. I learned h_(59)

35、 to share both happiness and sadness with others. I believe now we give something to others in the s_ (60)way we get the same.51、s 52、b 53、r 54、b 55、u 56、t 57、h 58、m 59、h 60、s 趣味天地1）猜谜语1. What kind of dog never bite（咬）? _2. It lives in a case. When you want to write something, it can help you. _3. W

36、hat always goes up but never goes down? _4. Which three letters can frighten a thief away? _2）小幽默He WonTommy: How is your little brother, Johnny?Johnny: He is ill in bed. He hurt himself.Tommy: Thats too bad. How did that happen?Johnny: We played who could lean(倾斜) furthest(最远) out of the window, and he won. My sisters fingersTeacher: Kevin, why are you late this time?Kevin: Please sir, I bruised(挫伤) two fingers knocking in a nail（钉子）at home.Teacher: I dont see any bandages(绷带).Kevin: Oh, they weret my fingers! I told my little sister to hold the nail.专心-专注-专业