高一英语阅读理解试题经典(共34页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上最新高一英语阅读理解试题经典一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed this way because threats, like dangerous animals, had a more immediate effect on our ancestors survival compared to positive things like food or shelter

2、. As a result, you likely know what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy? Research suggests that our level of happiness depends partly on factors we cannot controlour genes and our life circumstances. But our level of happiness is also shaped by the choices we make. If youve been

3、chasing wealth, fame, good looks, material things and power, you may be looking for happiness in all the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits make people happier. People who form close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of friends we have is n

4、ot important. What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings, mutual respect, acceptance, trust and fun. People who exercise regularly improve both their physical and mental well being. Some research has shown that exercis

5、e can be as effective as medication in treating depression. When we are so interested in an activity we enjoy that we lose track of time, we are in a state of flow. The activity could be making art, playing piano, surfing, or playing a game. People who experience flow in their work or hobbies tend t

6、o be happier. People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and use them regularly, People who set goals and use their strengths to achieve them tend to be happier. People are especially happy when they can use their strengths to serve the greater good. People who think po

7、sitively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful, Bejing mindful means being open to, focusing on and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.（1）Why does the human brain r

8、emember negative things more easily? A.Negative things are easy to remember.B.Dangerous wild animals are a threat to us.C.Our ancestors had no enough food for living.D.Negative things tend to affect human survival immediately.（2）How does the author like looking for happiness in material things? A.Un

9、certain.B.Opposed.C.Supportive.D.Optimistic.（3）What does the author suggest us in the last paragraph? A.Enjoying our life and work.B.Leading a happy life each day.C.Being positive in our life and work.D.Thinking more about the future.（4）What does this text mainly tell us? A.The factors that make peo

10、ple happy.B.How to remember positive things easily.C.The habits which people form in their life.D.Why people remember negative things easily.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，真正能使我们快乐的并不是物质的东西，作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的习惯。（1考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our brains have developed this way because threats, like dangerous

11、 animals, had a more immediate effect on our ancestors survival compared to positive things like food or shelter.”可知负面的东西相对于积极的东西对我们祖先的生存有更直接的影响，所以更容易被记住。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“If youve been chasing wealth, fame, good looks, material things and power, you may be looking for happiness in all the wrong

12、 places. ”一直追求财富、名誉、美貌、物质和权力，你可能会在所有错误的地方寻找幸福。由此可见作者对寻找物质上的幸福持反对态度，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“People who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic are more likely to be happy.”积极乐观的人感恩，专注，乐观，更容易快乐。以及下文几者之间的内在关系可知作者建议我们在生活和工作中要积极乐观，故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的习惯，如建立亲密关系，锻炼，了解自己的优点，感恩，

13、专注，乐观积极的生活态度等。即使人快乐的因素，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE? I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a pair of pants to use? Now imagine youre an archi

14、tect. Same question. Now imagine youre Bill Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses come to mind? What you just practiced-the conscious act of wearing another self-is an exercise that, according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being c

15、reative. One great irony (讽刺) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either were creative or we arent, without much of a middle ground. Im just not a creative person! a discourag

16、ed student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, making a comment Im very right-brained. Dr.Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creat

17、ive potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to believe in yourself. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on ones behavior. The authors, psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divi

18、ded their college student subjects into two groups, instructing one group to think of themselves as eccentric poets and the other to imagine they were rigid librarians. The researchers then presented them all with ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to c

19、ome up with as many different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas the latter had the fewest. These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a product of context and perspective. Everyone can be creative, as lo

20、ng as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillays work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the brave, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers

21、to the conscious action of wearing another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when youre not focused on a specific ta

22、sk or thought. Most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of unfocus. This doesnt make us lazy; it makes us human. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive. Youre making yourself more creative, and youre giving yourself permission to do

23、 something youd otherwise feel guilty about.（1）Whats the function of the questions in paragraph 1? A.To lead in the topic.B.To make a comparison.C.To state an opinion.D.To ask a favor.（2）The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves A.creativity is an individual characteristicB.librarians are

24、 more creative than poetsC.ordinary objects can improve creativityD.your creativity is determined by yourself（3）According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because . A.it is an act of unconscious focusB.certain brain areas begin to act togetherC.people are in a state of lazinessD.all actors employ t

25、his technique（4）If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to . A.focus on a specific taskB.believe in your own talentC.pretend to be someone elseD.turn to be right-brained【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用

26、法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”What you just practiced-the conscious act of wearing another self-is an exercise thatis essential to being creative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地穿戴另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的创造力话题， 故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第六段”These results suggest that crea

27、tivity is not an individual characteristic but aproduct of context and perspective. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.“可知Denis Dumas 和Kevin Dunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是环境和视角的产物。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”According to

28、 Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when youre not focused on a specific task or thought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”He beli

29、eves that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to believe in yourself. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个

30、人。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language. Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribes language has decreased over the past century.

31、 Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages. Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schoo

32、ls by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools. The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to

33、learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things. However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members. At least one organization is turning to modern technology-The Sealask

34、a Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language. The Learning Tlingit app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters. The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in south

35、eastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit. Currently there are two apps, called Learning Tlingit and Tlingit Language Games. The Learning Tlingit app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words

36、and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the Tlingit Language Games app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now? A.The number of native Ame

37、ricans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.Its hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English? A.They will get better jobs

38、 and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit? A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and

39、 buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage? A.American Indian tribes efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian lang

40、uages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribes language has

41、 decreased over the past century. ”但是能说他们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.”然而，害怕失去自己的历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新

42、的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第九段中的“The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言

43、了，故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and red

44、uced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouths School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the propo

45、rtion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nic

46、otine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondents view was greenery. Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. B