高二英语阅读理解(共18页).doc

《高二英语阅读理解(共18页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二英语阅读理解(共18页).doc（18页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people. Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature

2、 as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast. According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models.

3、Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours. By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper from December 2014 estim

4、ated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat. WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines, said Oliver Cunningham, one o

5、f the co-founders of RanMarine. Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches. Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether its around the perimet

6、er (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean, added Cunningham. WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous mode

7、l. Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning wat

8、erways doesnt have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark? A.It can frighten sharks away.B.It is an ocean explorer.C.It is a rubbish collector.D.It can c

9、atch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A.The causes of ocean pollution.B.The dangers of using plastics.C.The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D.The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object? A.Avoid crashing into it.B.Br

10、eak it into pieces.C.Swallow it.D.Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with? A.The WasteShark should be used more widely.B.More measures should be taken to make water clean.C.The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D.People should take a positive attitude to ne

11、w technology.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。 （2）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“By 2016 there were

12、approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的Fitted with a collision-avoidance sys

13、tem, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesnt have a one-size-

14、fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Su

15、percomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express. The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set

16、 to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen at risk patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: I am so excited about this form of technology. Instead of people getting sick or

17、 dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution wasand signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthca

18、re. The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red

19、 and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. This giv

20、es us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient. Prof Young said, Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier.（1）What does the underlined phrase screen in Paragraph2 mean? A

21、.comfortB.treatC.spotD.nurse（2）How do supercomputers help save lives? A.By storing blood samples.B.By analyzing patients cases.C.By observing changes in blood cells.D.By assisting doctors with their operations.（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution? A.To show the influence of A

22、I.B.To stress the importance of health care.C.To introduce the topic of supercomputers.D.To present the achievement he has accomplished.（4）What do we know about the new technology? A.It helps patients recover earlier.B.It has helped save thousands of lives.C.It will promote the health service greatl

23、y.D.It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. ”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解

24、。根据第三段中的“Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution wasand sign

25、als a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. 杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier. 可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。故选C

26、。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。 An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural

27、 world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙). Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. In English-language Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory s

28、pecies tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States, said the lead author John Mittermeier. And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for

29、insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals. This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the worlds biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and w

30、hich species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation. Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He commented, I think theres a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that theyre not interacting with native specie

31、s anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see peoples Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature. Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, By using these big da

32、ta approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.（1）What have researchers found about species searches? A.They strengthen ties among people.B

33、.They affect the animal movements.C.They differ in language backgrounds.D.They reflect animal migration seasons.（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3? A.To summarize the research process.B.To further support the research findings.C.To show the variety of species searches.D.To present researc

34、hers heavy work load.（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results? A.Satisfied with Wikipedias service.B.Worried about Wikipedia behavior.C.Amazed at peoples care about nature.D.Sad about peoples not getting close to nature.（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful? A.It helps to

35、 aim at conservation targets.B.It increases interest in big data approaches.C.It keeps track of trends in biologists work.D.It pushes people to solve difficult problems.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。它还展示了一

36、种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可

37、知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see peoples Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。故选C。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approach

38、es, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护

39、目标。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4犇犇阅读理解 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allo

40、ws colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we a

41、re of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexu

42、al dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a si

43、gnal to attract mates. But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals. The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a

44、coverup isnt a new one. The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework ConcealingColoration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are

45、 among the strongest factors in an animals concealment. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animals concealment？ In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could

46、work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition. Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shapea circle or an ovalwith a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when

47、the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart. It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish. As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficu