全国高考短文改错知识点总结(共21页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上短文改错考情分析:1.词类用法：考查不同词类的不同用法, 与语法填空中的词性转换考点相同。2.辨析：只考many与much, here与there, some与any, ago与before等十分常见的词之间的混用, 这些词是稍有语感、不讲自会的, 千万别走入过去凡遇近义词必辨的误区。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。3. 其他：指不便归于某一语法项目的考点。2014课标卷Isomewhere everywhere 2014课标卷IIThey There (there be句型写成they be)2014大纲卷should able to should be able to (漏

2、掉be，因able是形容词, 不能作谓语, 加be)聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。2013课标卷Iremember much rememberwell /clearly (习惯修饰语，记得清楚，而非记得非常。)残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。2013课标卷IIwas drank was drunk (过去分词拼写错误)2013大纲卷stand stand up (漏掉up)2012课标卷do wrong go wrong (可列到辨析类)2012大纲卷Icut off cut down (语境意义)2011大纲卷Ithink over think of(语境意义)2011大纲卷IIso +adj. + that

3、写成so much +adj. +that (如此以致)；more than happy写成了better than happy (非常高兴)酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。命题特点用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。长度均在100词左右。这些材料都是记叙文。新课标卷的设题通常是：1处多1个词，1处少1个词，8处错1个词。5. 要求考生添加或删除的词通常是虚词。少了一个词，要求添加的词有：冠词：in countryside in the countryside(2015课标I) As result As a result(2014课标I)介词：listening music

4、listening to music(2014课标II)连词：He had, he was He had, and he was(2013课标I)不定式符号：came see me came to see me(2007课标)物主代词：Tom saw parents Tom saw his parents(2015课标II)彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。多了一个词，要求删除的词有：介词、冠词、连词、助动词、不定式符号to。冠词：In a fact In fact(2013课标I) all kinds of the flowers all kinds of flowers(2014课标II)謀荞抟箧飆鐸

5、怼类蒋薔。介词：he lent to me lots of clothes he lent me lots of clothes(2011课标)厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。连词：AlthoughbutAlthough(2014课标I)不定式符号：had better to stop had better stop(2009课标)助动词：has brought brought(2010课标) Lots of studies have been shown Lots of studies have shown(2015课标I)茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。副词：so very much that so much

6、 that (2015课标II)需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。所有考点都是最基本的语法知识、最常用的单词和短语的意义与用法，以及逻辑意义的连贯。没有超出中学课本中讲的语法内容。即只要掌握课本中讲的语法就足以应对考试了。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。短文改错与语法填空的异同：相同：主要考点基本相同。名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词。时态一致、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词类用法、比较等级。以上两个方面分别对应语法填空的纯空格题和给词题。备考内容：主要从以下十个方面入手。考点1：名词的数与格在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and

7、 a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。如：籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and(hour hours)2014课标II預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothi

8、ng等绝对不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。如：渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (luggages luggage)2011课标铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。如：When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (my friend my friends)2011课标擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。考点2：指代一致上下文的人称不一致。如：Thank you very much for sho

9、wing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. 贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。(them us) 2011大纲上下文的单复数不一致。如：both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014大纲坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。上下文的性别不一致。如：Before her leaving, I pr

10、epared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 2010大纲蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。人称代词格的误用。如：Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007课标買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如：He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (从句主语which是指the voice, 这种声音使“他

11、”与别人分离, 故改himself为him)2013课标I綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。考点3：冠词基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示“一个/段/座/本”等时要用a或an；表示特指时用the。如：In other words, we would be separated for long time. (long time a long time)2010大纲驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。Many countries in the world find they dont have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should 猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑

12、。(athe，特指上文提到缺少“这个”问题)2012大纲So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. (the a) 2013大纲锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。固定短语中多用或少用冠词。如：In a fact, he even scared my classmates away (In a fact In fact)2013课标I構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (As resultAs a result) 2014课标輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。考点4：介词常

13、用介词的错用。如：Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. (time for sth.做某事的时间) 2014课标II尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。固定词组中的介词误用。如：and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (with the help of在的帮助下)2014课标I识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。固定词组中的介词漏用。如：（拓展）We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit

14、 by the lake listening music. (listen to听) 2014课标II凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。考点5：连词 although/though/while不与but连用；since /as/because不与so连用。如：恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease (去掉but或改为yet)2014课标I鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。 and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如：T

15、he more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. ( but and，前后没有转折关系) 2014大纲硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。 and与or。All I had to do was to write a story or present it. (or and)2010大纲阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week (and or)

16、2012大纲氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。 so与or。We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. (so因此or否则) 2013四川釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。 after与before。Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. (Before After逻辑)2013陕西怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。 which与what。That is which other teachers say. (which wha

17、t所的) 2013辽宁谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。多用或少用连词。如：With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. (去掉so)2013辽宁嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (if后加what)2010大纲熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。错用that引导非限制性定语从句。如：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a brid

18、ge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (that which)2013课标II鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。考点6：时态一致上下文的谓语动词都是过去时，突然出现一个现在时。如：She used to hold me I was only four when she passes away. (passes passed) 2013课标I纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。上下文的谓语动词都是现在时，突然出现一个过去时。如：Since then, we had been allowing tomat

19、oes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing everywhere. (had has) 2014课标I颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。此外，无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，都要注意在平行结构中，动词形式的一致性，即“平行一致”。如在A and B或A, B and C中，A, B, C的形式要一致。如：濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other (trusting trust)2014大纲銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。考点7：

20、主谓一致行为动词：主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时，其后加s。如：My dream school look like a big garden. ( look looks，主语是My dream school) 2014课标II挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。 have动词：主语是第三人称单数时，have的现在时(一般现在时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时)用has。主语不是第三人称单数时，现在时用have，过去时用had。赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。Li Ming, together with his parents, have gone abroad. (have has，主语是Li Ming，注意

21、：with sb.或together with sb.等介词短语是不能作主语的)（简单复习主谓一致）塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。 be动词：主语是第三人称单数时，be的现在时(一般现在时，现在进行时)用is，过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)用was。主语是I，用am或was；主语是you或复数，用are或were。如：裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。the only clothes I had was those I had on. (was were，主语是the only clothes)2011课标仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。考点8：非谓语动词一般说来，句中已有谓语动词，再出现动词，其前面又没有并列连词and

22、 ,but or时，该动词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。如：Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner (Have Having)2013课标II骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。如：Last year, she decided study abroad. (study to study，因decide

23、to do sth.)2010大纲瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。如：He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (talk talking，在介词at后) 2013大纲鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。I look forward to see her again in the near future. (see seeing，在介词to后)2010大纲栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。如：She used to holding me on her k

24、nees (holding hold，因used to do sth.) 2013课标I辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。Well, I had better to stop now. (to stop stop，因had better do sth.)2009课标峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。make their friendship to last long. (to last last，因make sb. do sth.)2014大纲詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式。如：We sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (

25、have having，因we与have是主动关系)2014陕西则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷。Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake (Felt Feeling，因we与feel是主动关系)2013陕西胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻。别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。如：but I tried hard to do it. Suddenly, Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. (去掉同位语my best friend, 显然，主语是Mary, 谓语是ask, 由前句谓语动词的时态可知, 用一

26、般过去时, 故改asking为asked)2013四川鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減。考点9：词类的用法形容词作定语、表语、补语, 但短文中却用了副词或名词。如：We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (wonderfully wonderful，作tomatoes的定语)2014课标I稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜。The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste tasty，作表语)2014课标I陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟。I found the test difficulty, but I t

27、ried hard to do it. (difficulty difficult作补语) 2013四川沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應。副词作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，但短文中却用了形容词。如：Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. (Interesting Interestingly，修饰全句) 2013课标II钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛團蔺。It was real a nice experience. (real really，修饰动词was)2011大纲II懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬觶騮。名词作主语、宾语,

28、 但短文中却用了形容词、动词等。如：He has ruined his healthy. (healthy health，作ruined的宾语) 2013辽宁謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘。This made for the grow in the porcelain industry. (grow growth，作介词for的宾语)2013课标II呙铉們欤谦鸪饺竞荡赚。冠词，介词，形容词性物主代词，形容词后用名词。 -ed与-ing形容词的用法区别：-ing令人的(多为事)；-ed (人)感到的。如：I am awfully tiring (tiring tired，因我感到累)2013浙江My fr

29、iend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (interested interesting，指他的故事是“令人有趣的”)2010课标莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减。考点10：常用词辨析只考here与there, some与any, ago与before, many与much, very much与very或much, beside与besides, ever与never, either与neither, used to do sth.与be used to (doing

30、) sth.等十分常见的词语之间的辨析。千万别遇到近义词就辨析，步入复习的岐途。如：麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶。Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (before ago，相对说话时多久以前, 用ago；相对过去的某个时间或动作在多久之前才用before)2014课标I納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻鰲锬。We dont need to do so many homework. (many much，修饰不可数名词homework, 用much) 2014课标II風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟纠庙。The fruits ar

31、e smallThere are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. (much many，替代可数名词fruits, 用many) 2014课标I灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏馊藹。Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. (Beside Besides，因beside是介词, 意为“在的旁边”；而besides作介词时，意为“除之外”，作副词, 意为“此外, 而且”。注意，凡是介词，其后一定有宾语。而此处没有宾语，一定是用副词) 2014辽宁铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀诨癱骝

32、。再次提醒：凡是用一两句话辨别不清的，或者说老师也要查资料才能弄清楚的，甚至去年查过资料，今年又得查资料才讲得清楚的那些所谓的同义词或近义词之间的辨析，是绝对不会考的。万万不可在这里浪费时间，用辨析的这几分钟去多读一遍英语短文或故事，享受其中的快乐吧。攙閿频嵘陣澇諗谴隴泸。此外，多用be或少用be是写作中常见的错误，因此短文改错中可能出现。记住：作谓语的是行为动词时，如果不是进行时态或被动语态，不用be；如果句中谓语没有动词，但汉语意思又完整了时，要用be。如：趕輾雏纨颗锊讨跃满賺。Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skyt

33、hey were looked like rain! (因looked like中looked本身就是系动词, were是多余的, 应当去掉)2014陕西夹覡闾辁駁档驀迁锬減。So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. (因情态动词后要接动词原形, 而其后的able是形容词, 虽然意义完整, 还是要加be) 2014大纲视絀镘鸸鲚鐘脑钧欖粝。又如，I very busy.(我很忙。)虽然汉语意思完整，但句中busy是形容词，无动词，要在I后加am。At that time, we in the classroom. (

34、那时我们在教室里。)虽然汉语意思完整，但句中无动词，要加be，即在we后加were。偽澀锟攢鴛擋緬铹鈞錠。解题指导解题前，须明确：一个词：因只是多一词、少一词、错一词，因此，需要增加、减少、改动的都只是一个词。四不改：不要求考生改标点符号、大小写、词序、纲外词，这四个方面不必考虑。解题中，可按以下步骤：浏览全文，掌握大意。这一步非常重要，涉及单词和短语意思的题，以及上下文逻辑是否通顺的改连词的题，不明白上下文意思，是改不出来的。在这一步中，如遇到无需思考的明显错误，可以直接改过来。緦徑铫膾龋轿级镗挢廟。分句阅读，认真纠错。逐句阅读，根据自己掌握的语法知识及上下文语义的衔接，结合上面提到的十个主

35、要考点，认真纠错改错。具体思路可参考：騅憑钶銘侥张礫阵轸蔼。动词形，名格数，特别留意形和副；逻辑连词常常考，冠词介词常光顾；代词注意性数格，词组句式须关注。检查核对，攻克难点。改完后，再从头至尾认真看一遍，个别没有找出来的，对照考点，在这步完成。真题再现假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。疠骐錾农剎貯狱颢幗騮。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）画掉。修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:每处错

36、误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。1. 2015课标卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the

37、environment has beenpolluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to reg

38、ret it.镞锊过润启婭澗骆讕瀘。本文谈到随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。1. think thought 指小时候“想”。2. 在countryside前加the 表示“在农村”习惯上说in the countryside。榿贰轲誊壟该槛鲻垲赛。3. or and 因“空气新鲜”与“山绿”是并列关系。4. on with 表示“随着”用with。5. 去掉shown前的been 因“研究”与“表明”是主动关系。6. seriously serious 在名词前作定语要用形容词。7. airs air 因air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8. Much Many 修饰可数名词复数要用man

39、y。9. found find 在情态动词(must)后用动词原形。10. your our /the 前后都是第一人次。2. 2015课标卷 II One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked itso very much that he quickly walked into theshop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned

40、 around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and tellinghim to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Momsaid, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happ

41、en again. 邁茑赚陉宾呗擷鹪讼凑。作者叙述Tony跟父母去购物时走丢，后又找到父母的经历。1. parent parents 由下文的his parents were missing可知用复数。嵝硖贪塒廩袞悯倉華糲。2. on in 据常识，玩具应在橱窗里面，故用in。3. 去掉so后的very 这是sothat结构，不用very。4. looks looking 介词after后面接动名词，故用looking。5. where that 或者去掉where宾语从句，从句的结构与意思完整，用that引导或省略that。该栎谖碼戆沖巋鳧薩锭。6. begun began 因begin的过

42、去式是began。7. telling told 与前面的saw是并列谓语，用told。8. a the 特指上文提到的那家商店，用the。9. saw后面加his 指Tony的父母，故加his。10. terrible terribly 修饰形容词(worried)用副词。3. 2013大纲卷In my family, there are three peoples. My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day. He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with o

43、ther people. My mother is very much kind and is friendly to everybody. So whenI have the problem, I will turn to her for help. Myfriends say I am clever. When the teacher asks us very difficulty questions, Ill think quickly andstand to answer. At home, my father often thinksIm silly. He said if I de

44、cide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. This is how I need to improve in the future.劇妆诨貰攖苹埘呂仑庙。4. 2012课标卷I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I wasabout four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when th

45、e toys worked, butwhen things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while, parents bought me new toys. But before long, they began to see which washappening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I

46、 found out that with more patience, I must make my toys to last. My attitude changedfrom then on.臠龍讹驄桠业變墊罗蘄。5. 2012大纲卷I Every one of us can make a great efforts to cutoff the use of energy in our country. To begin with,all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a rea

47、l need. That wont be easy, I know, but we have to start anywhere. Whats more, we can go to work by bike once andtwice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn little oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how manytimes have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one