2013年英语语言学概论试卷A(共5页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2013-2014学年第1学期期末考试（A）卷 课程名称 英语语言学概论 任课教师签名 程建山 出题教师签名 程建山 审题教师签名 王婉华考试方式 （闭）卷 适用专业 2011级英语专业 考试时间 （120）分钟题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分评卷人. Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (2%10=20%)1. Which of the followi

2、ng does NOT account for the fact that modern linguistics gives priority to the spoken form of language?A. Speech precedes writing.B. There are still many languages that have only the spoken form.C. People were encouraged to imitate the “best authors” for language usage.D. The spoken is used for a wi

3、der range of purposes than the written.2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants s and z are classified as _.A. liquidsB. affricatesC. stopsD. fricatives3. Which of the following words has four morphemes?A. Undoubtedly.B. Instrument.C. Astonishing.D. Thermometer.4. “-s” in the wo

4、rd “books” is _. A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root 5. A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 6. According to the way synonyms differ, which group of syn

5、onyms do “lift” and “elevator” illustrate?A. Dialectal synonyms.B. Stylistic synonyms.C. Collocational synonyms.D.Semantically different synonyms.7. _ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense8

6、. _ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act9. In the following dialogue between a student and a teacher, which maxim

7、under CP is violated when the conversational implicature occurs?Student： New York is in New Zealand, isnt it, Mr. Smith?Teacher： And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.A. Quantity.B. Quality.C. Relation.D. Manner.10. _ variation in a persons speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual o

8、r colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.A. RegionalB. SocialC. StylisticD. IdiolectalII. Directions： Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE w

9、ord only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%)11. Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication.12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_.13. A stem refers to

10、 the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added, and it can be a b _ root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.14. The phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length due to their r _ properties.15. When two words are identi

11、cal in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h_.16. In predication analysis, an a _ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.17. While traditional semantics mainly studies meanings in isolation, pragmatics focuses

12、on meanings in c_.18. Linguistic change occurs in all components of the grammar, including changes in the sound, morphological, s _ , lexical, and semantic systems.19. A linguistic t _ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.20. Speech v_ refers to

13、any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a “T” for true or “F” for false on the Answer Sheet. (2 % 10=20% )21. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time would b

14、e a diachronic study.22. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.23. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distrib

15、ution.24. Prefixes usually change the part of speech of the original word, but do not change the meaning of the stem.25. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.26.

16、 According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar is a system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the brain of a normal human being.27. One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, when

17、linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.28. Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.29. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is

18、considered.30. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary. . Directions： Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%10=30%) 31. cultural transmission32. parole 33. minimal pair 34. suprasegmental f

19、eatures35. root36. immediate constituent analysis37. hyponymy38. utterance meaning39. coinage40. pidgin. Directions： Answer the following questions. (10% 2=20%)41. Please define competence and performance respectively and describe their differences.42. State briefly Cooperative Principle and its fou

20、r maxims and then use it to explain the following conversation: (1) A: How do you like my painting? B: I dont have an eye for beauty, Im afraid. (2) He is made of iron. 参考答案. Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statemen

21、t. (2%10=20%)1-5 CDACD 6-10 AADDC II. Directions： Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%)11. arbitrary 12. int

22、onation 13. bound 14. recursive 15. homophones 16. argument 17. context 18. syntactic 19. taboo 20. variety . Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a “T” for true or “F” for false on the Answer Sheet. (2 % 10=20% )21-25 FTFFF 26-30 TTTTF . Directions： Exp

23、lain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%10=30%) 31. cultural transmission: Language is not biologically transmitted. Instead, it is culturally transmitted from generation to generation through teaching and learning. 32. parole: Parole refers to the realizati

24、on of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.33. minimal pair: when two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment in the same place in str

25、ings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. For example, pin and pen, foal and vole, pin and ping. 34. suprasegmental features: The features that occur above the level of the segments and can distinguish meanings are called suprasegmental features, which include syllable structure, stress,

26、tone and intonation. 35. root: It refers to the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without destroying its meaning. All words contain a root morpheme, which may be a free morpheme or a bound morpheme. 36. immediate constituent analysis: It refers to the analysis of a sentence in term

27、s of its immediate constituents-word groups(or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. 37. hyponymy: Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i.e. t

28、he class name, is called superordinate, and the lower term, the members, hyponyms. 38. utterance meaning: The meaning of an utterance is concrete, and context-dependent. Utterance meaning is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation f

29、communication, or simply, realization in a context. 39. coinage: It refers to the way that new lexical items come directly from the consumer items, their producers or their brand names, such as Kodark, Coke, nylon, and others to cope with the invention of new entities. 40. pidgin: a language which d

30、evelops as a contact language when groups of people who speak different languages try to communicate with one another on a regular basis. . Directions： Answer the following questions. (10% 2=20%)41. American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950s proposed the distinction between competence and perfor

31、mance. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language. This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous. According to Chomsky,

32、performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Although the speakers knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect, his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress, embarrassment, etc. Chomsky believes that what linguist

33、s should study is the competence, which is systematic, not the performance, which is too haphazard.42. Speech act theory tells us that a speaker can mean a lot more than what is said. The problem is to explain how the speaker can manager to convey more than what is said and how the hearer can unders

34、tand the speakers meaning. H.P. Grice believes that there must be some mechanisms governing the production and comprehension of these utterances. He suggests that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls Cooperative principle: Make your conversational

35、contribution as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the exchange in which you are engaged. There are four maxims of CP: 1. The maxim of Quality 2. The maxim of Quantity3. The maxim of Relation 4. The maxim of Manner Simply speaking, we assume that pe

36、ople are normally going to provide an appropriate amount of information, and that they are telling the truth, being relevant, and trying to be as clear as they can.(1) The conversation violates the maxim of relation and the conversational implicature is “I dont like your painting at all”. (2) This utterance violates the maxim of quality. At a superficial level, it is uninformative because a man cannot be made of iron. At a deeper level, it has implication. The implication of this sentence is “He has the characteristics of iron. He is strong, just like iron.” 专心-专注-专业