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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上延续性动词和非延续性动词考点分析作者:来源:初中生考试2011年第07期动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1. 延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念1) 延续性动词:表示可以延续的动作,且可以产生持久影响。如:have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。如:I have lived here for ten years.我在这已经住了十年。2) 非延续性动词:又称为终止性动词或瞬间动词。表示不能延续的动作,一旦发生就立即结束。如:
2、finish,begin,come,go,open,close,leave,arrive,reach,get to,buy,borrow,lend等。2. 延续性动词的用法延续性动词常用于现在完成时的句子中,可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:for ten years,since 2008,how long等。如:I have learned English since 2002.自从2002年,我就学英语了。3. 非延续性动词的用法1)非延续性动词不能与how long引导的疑问句连用。如:这本词典你买了多久?误:How long have you bought the dictionar
3、y?正:How long have you had the dictionary?你哥哥参军多久了?误:How long has your brother joined the army?正:How long has your brother been in the army?【体验中考】How long have you _?For three days. (2010年滨州卷)A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cough解析get a headache(头疼),catch a cold(感冒),fall ill
4、(生病)都是表示暂时性的动作,不能与表示一段时间的how long连用,答案为D。How long have you _ this book? For three days. (2010年恩施卷)A. borrowedB. keptC. lentD. bought解析borrow(借进),lend(借出),buy(买)都是非延续性动词,动作在一瞬间发生就马上结束了,不能与表示一段时间的how long连用。而keep意为“保存、保留”,这个动作可以一直延续下去,因此答案为B。2) 非延续性动词不能与“for一段时间”的时间状语连用。如:我离开北京二十多年了。误:I have left Beij
5、ing for over twenty years.正:I have been away from Beijing for over twenty years.3) 若句子中有非延续性动词,又有表示“一段时间”的状语,可对英语句子加以改造:根据意义将非延续性动词改为相应的延续性动词(见后面附表);将“for一段时间”改为“.ago”的形式;改用“Its.since”或“.have passed since”句式。如:我离开北京二十多年了。误:I have left Beijing for over twenty years.正:I have been away from Beijing for
6、 over twenty years.正:I left Beijing over twenty years ago.正:It is over twenty years since I left Beijing.正:Over twenty years has passed since I left Beijing.【体验中考】You have a nice watch.Thank you. I _ it since I got married. (2010年扬州卷)A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought解析动词buy是非延续性动词,不能与since连用,
7、只能选用表延续性动作的have,答案为C。I joined the League _ May,2008. What about you?Ive been a League member _ three years. (2010年黄冈卷)A. in; forB. on; inC. on; forD. in; since解析具体的月份前介词用in;表示具体的某一天,介词用on,如:on Monday, on May 4th 等。for three years意为“三年”,表示一段时间,答案为A。4)非延续性动词与until引导的时间状语(从句)连用时,只能用否定式,不能用肯定形式。如:He won
8、t leave here until Saturday.他直到星期六才能离开。I didnt go home until 12 oclock last night.昨晚,直到12点我才回家。【体验中考】Many students didnt realize the importance of study _ they left school. (2010年盐城卷)A. when B. until C. as D. afterWe wont start the meeting _ our teacher arrives.(2010年天津卷)A.though B. until C. while D
9、. or解析上两题中,not.until连用,意思是“直到才”。因此,第一题选B,第二题也选B。5)非延续性动词不能用于进行时态。若是进行时态,中文应译成表将来时态的意思。如:The plane is taking off. 飞机就要起飞了。Im leaving for Hangzhou. 我要出发去杭州。【体验中考】Jack is busy packing luggage.Yes. He _ for America on vacation. (2010年铜仁卷)A. leaves B. leftC. is leaving D. has been awayHi,Tom! Can you tell me when _ for London?Yes,tomorrow afternoon. (2010年广州卷)A. leaving B. leavesC. to leave D. you are leaving解析leave意思是“出发、离开”,为非延续性动词,用现在进行时表示将来。类似的动词还有come,go,arrive,reach,fly,sail等。因此,第一题选C,第二题选D。专心-专注-专业
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