高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法(共58页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法1. For example, adolescent boys are morelikelyto buy computer gamesthan anyothergroup, so itmakes senseto make computer game ads thatappeal tothis group.【 句式翻译 】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。【 句式分析 】本句是一个含有 so 引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个 than

2、引导的比较状语从句。【词语点拨】1) likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：s b /sth be likely to do= it is likely that 可能做He s very likely tosend me an email tonight.=It s very likely thathe ll send me an email tonight.很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。The companyis likely toset up a branch in our city. =Its likely thatthe company will set up a branch

3、 in our city.这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。2) make sense 有意义；讲得通； make sense of 理解I can t follow these instructions - they don tmake sense.我不理解这些指示- 根本讲不通嘛 。We read the sentence through, but could notmake sense ofit.我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。3) appeal to 吸引； appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求

4、助于Blue and redappeal tome, but I don t like gray or yellow.我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。Jack sincerelyappealed tohis friends to support him.杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。We canappeal tothe website for the information we need.我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。【语法点拨】本句中 的 than any other ，意为“比其他任何一个”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other 。如：China is

5、 largerthan any other countryin Asia.中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。China is largerthan any countryin Africa.中国比非洲的任何国家都大。2.The moreexposedyoung people are to financial issues, andthe youngerthey become aware of them,the morelikely they ar e to become responsible, forward-planning adults whomanagetheir finances conf

6、idently and effectively.【 句式翻译 】年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、 早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。【 句式分析 】本句含有“ the+ 比较级， the+ 比较 级”的句式，同时又含有一个 who 引导的限制性定语从句 ，修饰先行词 adults 。【 词语点拨 】1) expose vt. 揭露；使暴露；be exposed to 暴露于；接触We mustexposethis shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。We

7、 should allow children tobe exposed tonew ideas.我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。2 ） manage v. 应付 ， 设法对付；管理；能解决 ； manage to do 设法做成We need people who are good atmanaging.我们需要擅长管理的人。Hemanaged tosend the tourists to the airport in time.他设法把游客及时送到机场。Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are notmanaged

8、carefully.如果掌控小帆船不够小心，它们在水中就容易翻。【语法点拨】“ the+ 比较级， the+ 比较级 ” ，表示“ 越 越 ” 。如：The morewe get together,the happierwe ll be.我们越是多聚会, 我们越快乐。The longershe worked at it,the more enthusiasticshe became.她越干越来劲。3. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely totake on

9、difficult assignmentsthanthose praised for being “smart”.【句式翻译】她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。【 句式分析 】本句含有一个 than 引导的比较状语从句 。【 词语点拨 】t ake on 承担；呈现He is always ready totake onheavy responsibilities.他一向乐于挑重担。The chameleon cantake on the colourof its background.变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。【语法点拨】当我们

10、要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+ 比较成分，意思是：“更些”或“较”。 Deeds arebetter thanwords when people are in need of help.当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。In a word, practice isfar more important thanbook knowledge.一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。4. Perhaps more importantly,the betteryou are at managing the time youdevoteto your stud

11、ies,the more timeyou will have tospend onyour outside interests.【 句式翻译 】也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。【 句式分析 】本句含有“ the+ 比较级， the+ 比较 级”的句式，同时含有两个非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词 the time 和 the more time 。【词语点拨】1) devote vt. 献身；专心于；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself 作宾语，构成短语 be devoted to=devote oneself to

12、献身于，致力于； to 为介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词。Lang Langdevoted a lot of time to playingthe piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小时候就把很多时间都用来弹钢琴。After her marriage, the singer couldn tdevote herself totally toher music. 结婚之后这个歌手无法全力倾注于音乐。2 ） spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth 表示“花

13、费 ( 时间、金钱等 ) 做某事”，其中的介词 in 可以省略。Every day, most of the students in this schoolspend three hours ontheir homework. 这所学校大多数学生每天花三个小时做家庭作业。It is bad for children tospend a lot of time playingcomputer games. 用很多时间玩电脑游戏对孩子是有害的。【语法点拨】“ the+ 比较级， the+ 比较级 ” ，表示“ 越 越 ” ， 具体用法参见 第2 句。5. He worked there throu

14、gh his school and university years until 1942, a year after hehadgaineda Masters degree at university in chemistry.【 句式翻译 】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942 年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的 那 一年。【 句式分析 】本句含有一个after 引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。【 词语点拨 】gain vt. （经过努力）获得，取得Wegainknowledge by practicing again and again .我们从反复训

15、练中获取知识。They reali z e d that passing the exam was no longer enough togaina place at university .他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done ，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用 by, before, after 等构成的短语，也可用 when, before 等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如：His eyes shone brightly when he fin

16、ally received the gift hehad long expected.当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。By the time he was twelve, Edisonhad begunto make a living by himself.12 岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。6. By the end of the century, wewill have discoveredother places in our solar systemsuitablefor living and wewill have discoveredways to go furth

17、er into space.【 句式翻译 】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。【 句式分析 】本句是由并列连词and 连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。【 词语点拨 】suitable adj. 合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for 适合They don t think this article issuitablefor publication.他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。John wanted to change over to a moresuitablejob.约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。【语法点拨】将来完成

18、时的构成：will/shall have done ，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与 by + 将来时间， before+ 将来时间和 by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：Hewill have finishedwriting his novel by the end of next year.到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。When we get there ， she ll have goneto work.我们到那里时她会已上班去了。7. In today s world, winners arecelebratedand treated as he

19、roes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue toaffectthe outcomes of major sporting events, the word “ hero ”will havelost all meaning.【 句式翻译 】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。【 句式分析 】本句是由并列连词but 连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。【词语点拨】1) celebrate vt. 庆祝

20、The whole citycelebratedthe New Year with fireworks.全城放焰火来庆祝新年。2) affect vt. 影响，感动I told him firmly that his opinion will notaffectmy decision.我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。The audience present was deeplyaffectedby his speech.在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。【语法点拨】将来完成时, 具体用法参见第 6 句。8. One of the earliest epidemics on reco

21、rd happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the timewasattemptingto rebuild the Roman Empire.【 句式翻译 】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550 年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。【 句式分析 】本句包含一个when 引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。【词语点拨】attempt v.& n. 尝试，试图Williamattemptedto find the solution to the problem.威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。He was

22、 nearly drowned in theattemptto swim across.他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing ，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有 this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等。如：Whatwas he writingall day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在写什么？My brother fell while hewas ridinghis bicycle and

23、hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。9. The last few yearshave seenenvironmental disasterson a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.【 句式翻译 】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。【 句式分析 】本句是由并列连词and 连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。【词语点拨】on a grand scale 大规模地，大张旗鼓地We should popularize scienceon

24、a grand scale.我们应该大规模普及科学。【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done ，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语： for 或 since 引导的时间状语及 before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years 等。如：Wehave bookeda room for today and tomorrow.我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。The househas been emptyfor a

25、ges.这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着）10. In the last few decades, scientistshavereachedconsensusand reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth s climate - something previously seen asbeyondour control.【 句式翻译 】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。【 句式分析 】本句是复合句，含有一个that 引导的宾语从句，主句中运用

26、了现在完成时。【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见It is very difficult for them toreach a consensuson this issue.他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。2) beyond prep. 超过；越过；在较远的一边The delay was caused by heavy weather and wasbeyond our control.延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。The beauty of the scene wasbeyond compare.景色之美无与伦比。Linda alway

27、s wondered what wasbeyond the horizon.琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法参见第10 句。11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebiteshave also beendevelopedand in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.【 句式翻译 】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也

28、已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。【 句式分析 】本句是由并列连词and 连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。【词语点拨】develop v. 开发，发展，研制（新产品）Over the last few years tourism here hasdevelopedconsiderably.在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。The two companies have teamed up todevelopa new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完

29、成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done ，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语： for 或 since引导的时间状语及 before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years 等。如：The office looks nice. Ithas just been cleaned.办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。The machinehas been repairedfor two hours.这台机

30、器已修了两小时了。12. Advertsarenot onlymadeand paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish toinformor educate the public. 广告不仅【 句式翻译 】广告 可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。【 句式分析 】本句是由并列连词not only but also 连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。【词语点拨】inform vt. 通知，告知；构

31、成短语：inform sb of sth 通知某人某事I shallinform yousoonofthe date of my arrival.我将把我到达的日期通知你。I regret toinform you thatI am unable to help you.我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。【语法点拨】一般 现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done 。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。A lot of foodis wastedevery year.每年浪费掉很多食物。Millions of tons of waste and poisonous

32、 gasesare sent intothe air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。13. Margaret,marriedwith two small children,has been workingfor the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.【 句式翻译 】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。【 句式分析 】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，married w

33、ith 在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices 作伴随状语。【词语点拨】marry v. ( 使 ) 结婚；嫁；娶Because of her beauty, she has managed tomarryabove her.由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。Im sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted tomarry you.我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。Theygot married toeach other against their parents wishes.他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。【语法点拨】现在完成进行时

34、的构成：has/have been doing 。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：Youhave been sittingin front of that computer too long.你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。No wonder he is so tired. Hehas been workingall day.难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。14. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因 ) food

35、shave been increasingly developed and marketedin many countries in the world, mainly on thebasisof their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.【 句式翻译 】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。【 句式分析 】本句是一个含有 since 引导的时间状语从句的复合句， have been developed and marketed 是现在完成时的被动语态形式。【词语点拨

36、】basis n. 基础；构成短语：on the basis of 以为基础Don t evaluate a personon the basis ofappearance.不要以相貌取人。Mr. Smith goes to the gymon a regular basis.史密斯先生定期去健身房。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态，具体用法参见第11 句。15. At nine o clock on Saturday morning, I ll be sittingin the front row andlistening tothe great professor Willard talk

37、ing about the future of my brain.【 句式翻译 】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。【 句式分析 】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构， talking about 在句中作宾补。【词语点拨】listen vi. 听（后面常接介词to ）Whatever you said, he simply wouldn tlisten.你怎么说他也不听.We re going tolisten toa report this afternoon.今天下午我们要去听报告。【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be

38、doing ，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词 , 常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：The ministerwill be givinga speech on international affairs.部长将就国际事务发表演讲。Please dont call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. Ill be havingmy classes then.明天8 点到 10 点之间请不要给我打电话，我那时正在上课。16. The recent case of an American women

39、, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle tohave her taken offlife support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the manysensitivelegal and medical issues thatsurroundthe ca re of coma patients.【 句式翻译 】最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo 的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢

40、了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过 15 年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。【 句式分析 】本句是复合句，主语是 The recent case ，谓语是 has exposed ， 关系代词 whose 在句中引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Terri Schiavo ； 关系代词 that 在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 issues ，taken off 在句中作宾补。【词语点拨】1) sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受影响的A babyis sensitive tothe slightest changes in its mother s voice.婴儿对母亲

41、声音的最细小变化都很敏感。My teeth are reallysensitive tohot and cold.我的牙齿对冷热真地很敏感。2) surround vt. 包围；环绕, 围绕You will discover that youare surrounded byhappiness.你会发现，幸福其实就是在你身边。The video images made the visitors feel theywere surrounded withwild life.这些图像给参观者产生身处野生动物之中的感觉。【语法点拨】have sth done 有三种含义： 1) 请别人做某事，相当于

42、 get sth done 2) 遭受一种不幸 3) 完成某项工作；在这一结构中， done 做宾补，和宾语 sth 之间是被动关系。如：Wehad the computer repairedimmediately .我们立刻请人把电脑修好了。Ihad my watch stolenlast night.昨晚我的手表被偷了。另外，have sb do. 让某人去做， have sb doing 让一直做；在这两个结构中， do 和 doing 和宾语之间都是主动关系。如：I wouldhave my friend waitfor me at the gate of the park.我要朋友在

43、公园门口等我。The two menhad their lights burningall night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。17. The court gave theirapprovalfor the life support machines to be turned off and while this rulingleft Terris parents feeling numb and others claimingthat life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would sayit was the

44、 right thing to dofor Terri.【 句式翻译 】法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri 的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对 Terri 来说是一件正确的事情。【 句式分析 】本句是复合句, while 引导让步状语从句，that 引导宾语从句， which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 life ， feeling numb 和 claiming 宾补，i t 在句中代替to do for 作形式主语。【词语点拨】1) approval n. 批准；同意，赞成The plan had theappr

45、ovalof the school authorities.计划得到学校当局的认可。We expected our plan to meet withapproval.我们希望计划能得到批准。2) approve v. 同意，赞成Her father will neverapprove ofher marrying such a lazy fellow.她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。【语法点拨】1)leave sb doing 让 / 使某人做， doing 在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语 sb 是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用 leave done 。如：Repeated fail

46、ure hadleft them feelingvery discouraged.三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。His replyleft us all rather confused.他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。2 ）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 it 没有具体意义。如：It is a pity thathe should refuse my invitation.他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！Is it difficult tounderstandthe English program.理解这个英语节目难吗？18. Edmonds is the first African American everto workas a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American toserveas director of speechwriting for the White House.【 句式翻译 】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。【 句式分析