小学英语语法趣味总结(共98页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学英语语法趣味总结一、语法与教学知识汇总 “多少”须计较【哥哥how many】请同学们评评理:我生来就与可数名词有缘, 我身后只用复数名词, 我就是我, 干吗把我放在单数名词或不可数名词的前面呢?!在复数名词的前面,有我弟弟how much的事吗? 我弟弟非要抢我的位置,你们说多么可气呀!如: 你有多少本故事书? 【误】 How many storybook do you have? 【误】 How much storybook do you have? 【正】 How many storybooks do you have? 他想要多少块面包? 【误】 How
2、many piece of bread does he want? 【误】 How much piece of bread does he want? 【正】 How many pieces of bread does he want? 【弟弟how much】 Hello, everyone! 我是弟弟how much , 在多少的问题上我与我哥哥是不同的,我用于修饰不可数名词,可是,how many有时也要插进来,这可是错误的呀!不可数名词是我how much的专利。不信,你们瞧: 你需要多少肉? 【误】 How many meat do you need? 【正】 How much me
3、at do you need? 请大家评评理,看看我们到底谁对!另外,我能问多少钱,我哥哥可以吗?如: How much was your pen? 你的钢笔多少钱? How much are those things? 那些东西多少钱? 这回,同学们心中有数了吧!“行行色色”的名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加s表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。一、名词词尾加s的所有格1. 一般情况在名词后加s。例如:That girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 。 如果复
4、数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加s。例如:Today is September 10th, Teachers Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加s;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加s。例如:They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它
5、们(指房间)太漂亮了!He is Lily and Lucys father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnsons (home ). 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。We will have our hair cut at the barbers(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加s构成所有格。例如:There is something i
6、mportant in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。Its about ten minutes walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:This is not Dicks dictionary, but is Toms. 这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。二、由of短语构成的所有格1. 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:There is a river on the oth
7、er side of the road. 在公路的另一边有一条河。2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:This is a photo of Mr Browns. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。Be 的四功能be是一个多功能动词,在初级英语里可见四种用法:功能一,系动词bebe为连系动词,中心词义是是,句型为主系表结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式);was, were(过去式);will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词原形);have/has/had been(助动词过去分词)等。如:To help animals is help
8、ing people.(一般现在时)The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)功能二,助动词be助动词be,无词义,辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下:1. be+doing:构成进行时态,有现在和过去两种进行时态。如:The girls is reading and copying the new words now.Young Tom was always asking questions and
9、 trying out new ideas.2. be+done:构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者,done必须是及物动词)。如:Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)That is a day never
10、 to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)3. be+going to do,表示打算或将要做某事,be有现在和过去两种形式。如:We are going to plant trees in the park.I didnt know if she was going to come here.4. be+to do,表示按计划安排将要做某事。如:The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have
11、this special boy.功能三,there bethere be句式为:there be+主语部分状语部分,表示某处存在某物,be常用现在时,过去时和将来时等。如:Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. Will there be a football match in your school next week? 功能四,实义be可以将be视为实义动词,因为它具有实际的词义,如成为;做;发生
12、;举行;逗留;到达等。如:His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.Kates birthday party will be at half past six this evening.Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.Do 的四作用动词do在句中的作用可以概述为四句十二字:做实义,助动词,替前文,强语气。作用一:实义dodo作实义动词时,有do, does, did, done, d
13、oing五种形式,还有及物、不及物之分。如:1. vt. 做;研究;整理;完成。如:The old man does an hour of sport every day.She did her homework at home last night.Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home.Have you done the exercises yet?2. vi. 行动;工作;进展;足够。如:Kate does very well in her Chinese.How do you do?Well done! That will do
14、. 作用二:助动dodo作助动词时,只有do, does, did三种形式,无词义,限用于含行为动词的一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的否定句和疑问句中。如:They dont have any tickets for tonights concert.Kate stayed at home last night, didnt she?How many books does the library have?She doesnt do the washing in the evening.作用三:替代do为避免动词的重复,使语言简练,常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行为动词。如:To
15、m runs much faster than you do.-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?-Sure. Ill do it right away.-Who broke the cup?-Mimi did.-I like bananas.-So does he.作用四:语气do为突出感情色彩,do常用于祈使句、强调句和倒装句中,以加强语气。如:Do be careful. Dont tell a lie.He did come. -You often go to the park.-So we do. have“有”何烦恼Hi,大家好,我是动
16、词have,你们早就认识我了吧。同学们很羡慕我的本领大,但我也有我的烦恼,就是有些同学对我认识得不够全面,常常用错我,下面我就向大家诉诉苦,希望大家能正确使用我。烦恼一:读错我因为我是个开音节,所以有些同学把我误读成/haiv/,记住我读/haiv/。烦恼二:译错我我最基本的涵义是有,强调所属关系,表示拥有。如:I have a computer.我有一台电脑。但有些同学一见到我就译成有,那你就大错而特错了,其实我的用法除意为有之外,还有不少其它涵义呢。请看:1.作买讲。如:I want to have a kilo of meat.我想买一公斤肉。2.作用;作用;借用讲,如:Excuse m
17、e, may I have your pen?打扰了,我可以用用你的钢笔吗?3.我加上表示食品、饮料等名词,意为吃;喝=(eat,drink)。如:I have /eat an egg for breakfast.我早餐吃一个鸡蛋。4.在我后面加上表示某种活动的名词,意为举行;进行。如:The students are having a class.学生们在上课。5.我还可作邀请;招待讲。如:Thank you for having me.感谢你们邀请我。6.我善交朋友,还可与其它词构成一些常见的固定搭配。如:have a rest休息一会儿,have a good time过得愉快,have
18、 a look,看一看,have a talk交谈, have a meeting开会等等。烦恼三:变错我我的第三人称单数不是在我的词尾直接加s (haves ),而是has,我和has在否定句、疑问句中,要借助助动词do, does构成疑问句,借助dont, doesnt构成否定句。并把has还原成我have。如:Lily has some red pencils.(否定句)Lily doesnt have any red pencils.(疑问句)Does Lily have any red pencils?我的否定句、疑问句也可以不借助于助动词,而直接在我have和has后加not构成否
19、定句或将我have和has提到句首构成疑问句。不过这种变法只有我和has作有讲时才能用,千万别变错呀!如:1. I have an eraser.(否定句)I havent an eraser.(疑问句)Do you have an eraser?2. We have lunch at school. 误:We have not lunch at school.正:We dont have lunch at school.how 疑问句一家子的“实话实说”【王小元】各位观众,大家好!我是英语栏目的主持人王小元。今天,我非常荣幸地请到了how疑问句一家子。有请几位上台!(how携how much
20、, how often 等上台。)【王小元】how先生,请您给大家做一下自我介绍好吗?【how】I am too excited to say a word.【王小元】how先生,别激动。Take it easy.【how】各位观众,大家好!我叫how, 我主要用来引导特殊疑问句,可以询问身体健康。如:How is your mother today? 你妈妈今天身体好吗?我还可以询问交通方式。如:How does Li Lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎样去学校?另外我也可以询问天气。如:How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?That
21、s all. Thank you.【王小元】感谢how先生所做的精彩介绍。大家知道,how后面跟不同的形容词或副词,同样可以引导含义不同的特殊疑问句,如how old, how long, how often 等。下面就请各位踊跃发言。【how old】我主要用来询问年龄。如:How old is Mr Wang? 王先生多大年龄?当然,我也可以用来询问建筑物的年头、历史等。如:How old is this bridge? 这座桥有多少年的历史了?【how long】我多用来询问长度。如:How long is the Yellow River? 黄河有多长?【how often】how l
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