高级英语课程教案-第二册(项目)第09课(共24页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Aims1. Improving Reading Skills2. Enriching Vocabulary3. Improving Writing skills Teaching ActivitiesVocabulary 1 hourText AnalysishoursDiscussion 0 minutesPractice minutesTeaching ProcessI .Warming upI

2、IIntroduction to Additional Background Knowledge III. Text Analysis1. Introduction to the Passage2. Effective Writing Skills3. Rhetorical Devices 4. Special Difficulties IV. QuestionsAssignmentReference Books附1Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Activ

3、itiesVocabulary1. Pay attention to words and expressions in the following aspects respectively: Spelling and Pronunciation synonyms Opposites Similar words and expressions Settled or habitual usage2. Word building knowledge附页Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from Omela

4、sTeaching Process (1.Warming up)Question 1Question 2Question 3附页Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Process Additional)1. LeGuin:Ursula Le Guin is a well-known science fiction and fantasy writer. Her writings force us to re-examine many of the things

5、that we once took for granted, like our cities, our political and social structures, etc. She began writing during the 1950s, but not until the 60s did she begin publishing. Her fourth novel, The Left Hand of Darkness (1969) won her both the Hugo and Nebula awards. The Tombs of Atuan (1971) won the

6、Newbery Honor Book Citation and The Farthest Shore (1972) won the National Book Award for Childrens Literature. In The Word for World is Forest (1972) she uses science fiction to explore contemporary issues like colonialism and the Vietnam War. In an interview with Larry McCaffery the author explain

7、s why she likes the science fiction form. She says: “Science fiction allows me to help people get out of their cultural skins and into the skins of other beings. In that sense science fiction is just a further extension of what the novel has traditionally been. In most fiction the author tries to ge

8、t into the skin of another person; in science fiction you are often expected to get into the skin of another person from another culture.”2. James:William James (1842-1910), American philosopher, born in New York City and graduated from Harvard University in 1869 with a doctor of Medicine degree. In

9、 1872 he joined the Harvard faculty as a lecturer on anatomy and physiology, continuing to teach until 1907, after 1880 in the department of psychology and philosophy. In 1890 he published his brilliant and epoch making Principles of Psychology, in which the seeds of his philosophy are already disce

10、rnible (可辨别的). Jamess fascinating style and his broad culture and cosmopolitan outlook made him the most influential American thinker of his day. His philosophy has three principle aspects-his voluntarism (唯意识论), his pragmatism (实用主义), and his “radical empiricism (经验主义)”. Jamess other philosophical

11、writings include The Will to Believe (1897), Pragmatism (1907), A Pluralistic Universe (1909), The Meaning of Truth (1909), Some Problems in Philosophy ( 1911 ), and Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912),3. Allegory:Allegory (寓言), in literature, is a symbolic story that serves as a disguised represent

12、ation for meanings other than those indicated on the surface. The characters in an allegory often have no individual personality, but are embodiments (化身、体现) of moral qualities and other abstractions. The allegory is closely related to parable, fable, and metaphor, differing from them largely in int

13、ricacy and length. Although allegory is still used by some authors, its popularity as a literary form has declined in favor of a more personal from of symbolic expression.附页 3Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Process (3 Text Analysis (Brief).)Introd

14、uction to the PassageEffective Writing SkillsRhetorical Devices Special DifficultiesTeaching Process (4. Questions for Discussion)附页 3Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 1The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas(Variations on a theme by William James)Text Analysis (English Version) Detailed Study of

15、the Text1. The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas may be called a piece of allegorical description. Omelas is a fictional city of happiness envisaged (正视) by the writer. She describes emotionally and colorfully the city of Omelas and its citizens but it is a piece of allegorical description. In reality,

16、 however, she discourses on a rather provocative (煽动性的) theme-the nature of happiness and on what it depends. She states her views very clearly in one sentence: “Happiness is based on a just discrimination of what is necessary, what is neither necessary nor destructive, and what is destructive”. Wha

17、t the citizens of Omelas do not have or do not wish to have may be classed as things, which the writer thinks, are destructive of happiness. They did without monarchy and slavery; they got on without the stock exchange, the advertisement, the secret police and the bomb; there would be no cars or hel

18、icopters; one thing there is none of is guilt; and they do without the clergy and soldiers. In the middle category-that of the unnecessary but undestructive-the writer lists the following: central heating, subway trams, washing machines, beer, and even a not habit forming drug like drooz, and all ki

19、nds of marvelous devices net yet invented, floating light sources fuelless power, a cure for common cold. As for things in the first category that of the necessary the writer doesnt mention them specifically. We may, however, make a list of the following: a bright-towered beautiful city by the sea s

20、urrounded by snowy peaks, a city with shady avenues, lush green meadows, houses with red roofs, painted walls and moss grown gardens. The citizens were not simple but happy; they were not naive and happy children but mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched (可怜的、肮脏的、悲惨的).

21、 They have a feeling of a boundless and generous contentment and the victory they celebrate is that of life. The most important thing on which the happiness of the people of Omelas is based is the misery and suffering of the child in the basement cellar. The writer calls this the terrible justice of

22、 reality and the people accept it. In the last paragraph, however, the writer seems to have some doubts about this. A few adolescent girls or boys and sometimes an older man or woman do not accept Omelas and walk away from it. To strengthen her views on happiness she also sharply criticizes the peda

23、nts (学究式的人物) and sophisticates (久经世故的人) who consider happiness as something rather stupid. She refutes (反驳、驳倒) the view that pain is intellectual and evil interesting. She points out evil is banal (平凡的、陈腐的) and pain is terribly boring. She also says to praise despair is to condemn delight, to embrac

24、e violence is to lose hold of everything. Finally, to make her Omelas more real and acceptable, she introduces the misery and suffering of a child imprisoned in a basement cellar. The happiness of the many is based on the suffering of a few. This seems to be the pattern of society throughout the wor

25、ld, so the writer describes it as the terrible justice of reality and the people accept it. Yet the writer seems to have her doubts as the final paragraph shows. Omelas is, perhaps, not so perfect after all. The whole material may be clearly divided into five parts. Paragraphs 1, 4, 5 and 6 describe

26、 the colorful celebrations of the Festival of Summer. Paragraphs 2 and 3 describe the people of Omelas and their (or the writers) views on happiness. Paragraph 8 describes the misery and suffering of the child. Paragraphs 9, 10 and 12 describe the attitude of most people and their reactions to the c

27、hilds suffering. Paragraph 14 describes the different attitude and reactions of a few. Finally, there are manly short paragraphs (2, 7, 11 and 13) which serve to introduce new topics or ideas. These short paragraphs are more effective and forceful than ordinary topic sentences. The writer further pu

28、nctuates her points by using many rhetorical questions. For example, in paragraph 2 she uses the question, “How is one to tell about joy?” to prepare the reader for her provocative views on joy, happiness, pain, evil, etc. The second question states clearly she is going to describe the citizens of O

29、melas. The last paragraph, however, stands out sharply from among all the others. It is the most interesting and thought provoking paragraph. The writer puts forward the problem but does not supply the answers, thus allowing the readers to give free rein to their imagination. Who are these people? A

30、re they idealists, nihilists (虚无主义者), revolutionaries or perverts? Why are they leaving Omelas? Are they disgusted, frightened, saddened or just dissatisfied with Omelas? Where are they going? Are they going to lead a life of seclusion in a monastery (修道院) or hermitage (偏僻的寺院) far from this maddenin

31、g world or are they going to found a new utopian city not based on any misery or suffering or what? The writer uses a lot of specific words describing sound and color to paint a verbal picture of the city of Omelas and to describe the joyous celebrations that were being held. Here are a few examples

32、: bright towered, sparkled with flags, red roofs, painted wails, robes of mauve and grey, Green Fields, streamers of silver, gold and green, burned with white-gold fire, sunlit air, dark blue sky, a shimmering of gong and tambourine, a cheerful faint sweetness of the air, joyous clanging of bells, e

33、tc. Similarly she successfully paints a very vivid and poignant (刺激的、辛辣的) picture of the misery and suffering of the child. There is also a variety of sentence structure to be found: long periodic or loose sentences with a string of participial phrase modifiers, varied with short powerful sentences,

34、 short elliptical sentences, rhetorical questions, absolute constructions, etc. Besides these, there are also many figures of speech to be found, such as, sinfiles and metaphor. For a fuller explanation of descriptive writing refer to Detailed Study of the Text, point 1 of lesson 7, The Libido for t

35、he Ugly.2. With a clamorby the sea: The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marks the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas. bright to-red by the sea: Omelas is a port city by the sea. It had white towers that shone bright in the sun.3. The riggingwith

36、flags: The lines and chains on the ships were decorated with flags which were shining in the sun. rigging: lines and chains used aboard a ship especially in working sail and supporting masts and spars4. In the sweetsprocessions moved: a good example of a long periodic sentence (圆周句 (指主要意义至句尾始明白的句子)

37、sentence, preceded by a string of modifiers. The next sentence is a long loose sentence. The writer uses a vast variety of sentence structures.5. In the streetspublic buildings: The streets were lined with houses with red roofs and painted walls. Between the houses there were old moss (苔藓) grown gar

38、dens. There were also avenues lined with shady trees. The city had many big parks and public buildings.6. processions moved: This is the main sentence. There were many processions moving through the struts and avenues.7. Some. decorous (有礼貌的): The main sentence of a long loose sentence. Some of the

39、processions were marked by propriety (适当) and good taste.8. old people . they walked: These processions were decorous because they were made up of old people, grave master workmen and women carrying babies. There were no children or young people among them.9. In other strutsa dance: In other streets

40、 the processions were different. The music was much faster and one could see the glimmering light reflected from gongs and tambourines (小手鼓). The young people danced to the music as they moved forward. The whole procession was a dance. shimmering: shining with a soft tremulous (震颤的) light; glimmerin

41、g10. Children. out: the children ran about playfully.11. their highsinging: a simile. The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead. flight: rising, settling or flying in a flock All the processions woundcity: The st

42、reets twisted and turned so the processions also twisted and turned as it moved forward. wound waund: past participle of the verb wind waind to make (ones way) in a winding or twisting course. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the word.13.Nakedarms: This shows the boys and girls were very natura

43、l and unsophisticated. They did not feel there was anything wrong in being naked and barefeet.14. exercised. race: The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders. restive (难控制的): stubbornly resisting

44、 control15. Their manesgreen: the manes (鬃毛) of the horses were also decorated with small silver, gold and green flags.16. They flaredanother: The writer uses personification here by treating the horses as human beings. The horses dilated (扩大) their nostrils, pranced (腾跃) about and seemed to be boas

45、ting to one another. All this shows the horses excitement before the race.17. the horses being. own: a nominative absolute construction and a continuation of personification. The horse was the only animal that considered the ceremonies of human beings as also their ceremonies.18. the snow. of the sk

46、y: a very beautiful metaphor describing the sunlit snow peaks. The white snow peaks glowing with golden sunlight seemed to be oil fire. The dark blue of the sky makes the golden peaks stand out more clearly.19. one could hear. the bells: another beautiful metaphor but describing the beautiful music.

47、 The music through the streets far and near was as pleasant as the sweet perfume of flowers. The music was sometimes faint and distant but sometimes gathered in strength and finally climbed in the joyous clanging of bells winding: cf. wound, point 1220. Joyous! . Omelas?: The very short paragraph is

48、 a special feature of this piece of writing. The writer uses two short questions to introduce two important subjects. In the next long paragraph she describes the people of Omelas and expresses her views on joy and happiness, which is the main theme of the writer.21. We do notany more: The people of Omelas do not mention words like happy and joy because being happy is their way of life and is no longer a pro