(高中英语2019版)-阅读理解(互联网和信息技术)(共18页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上（互联网和信息技术）李仕才 Virtual worlds are also useful for children导读：随着电脑网络的普及应用，网络虚拟世界成为人们生活的一个重要组成部分。有人认为虚拟世界一无是处，但事实并非如此。A research report says that virtual worlds can be important places where children practice what they will do in real life. The research was done with children using the BBC

2、s Adventure Rock virtual world, aimed at those aged 6-12. It surveyed and interviewed children who were the first to test the game.The online world is a theme island built for the BBCs children channel by Belgian game maker Larian. Children explore the world alone but they use message boards to shar

3、e what they find and what they do in the different creative studios in virtual space.At times children were explorers and they were social climbers eager to connect with other players. Some were power users looking for more information about how the virtual space really worked. The children could tr

4、y all kinds of things without having to be afraid of the consequences that would follow if they tried them in the real world. They learned many useful social skills and played around with their identity in ways that would be much more difficult in real life.According to the study what children liked

5、 about virtual worlds was the chance to create content such as music, cartoons and videos.The publishers of the report say that virtual worlds can be a powerful, engaging and real interactive alternative to more passive media. They urged creators of virtual spaces for children to get young people in

6、volved very early on because they really do have good ideas and they are very good critical friends.虚拟世界对孩子也有用根据一份研究报告，虚拟世界也是很重要的地方。孩子们可以在其中练习他们在现实生活中的所作所为。该研究是以儿童为实验对象，使用BBC的冒险摇滚虚拟世界系统，旨在研究6岁至12岁的儿童。该项研究中所调查和采访的孩子都是第一次参加测试游戏。网络世界是一个由比利时的游戏厂商Larian为BBC的儿童频道创建的主题岛。儿童独自探索世界，但他们使用留言板来分享他们的发现以及在虚拟空间中各创意

7、工作室的所作所为。有时候孩子们是探险家，他们想法进入上流社会，渴望与其他玩家取得联系。一些高级用户寻找更多有关如何在虚拟空间起作用的信息。孩子们可以尝试各种事物，而不必害怕他们在现实世界中他们尝试这样做可能出现的结果。他们学到了很多有用的社会技能以及用他们喜欢的身份玩耍，而这种方式在现实生活中要困难得多。根据研究中孩子所喜欢的虚拟世界，这就提供了创造出如音乐，漫画和视频等内容的机会。根据出版商的报告，虚拟世界对于那些被动的媒体来说,它是一个强大而吸引人的,它具有相互性。他们呼吁为儿童创造虚拟空间，让年轻人早早地参与其中，因为他们真的有好的想法,并且他们是很好的诤友。重点单词：1. identi

8、ty adentt n. 身份2. engaging nged; en- adj. 迷人的3. interactive ntrktv adj. 交互式的；相互作用的重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. It surveyed and interviewed children who were the first to test the game.该项研究中所调查和采访的孩子都是第一次参加测试游戏。该句子中who were the first to test the game为定语从句修饰children。在定语从句中be the first to do sth.为固定结构，表示第一次做某事。如：He

9、is always the first to come to school. 他总是第一个到校的人。2. be eager to 渴望。如：The company is eager to gain a foothold in Europe.这家公司急于在欧洲取得一席之地。3. be afraid of 害怕。如：Theres nothing to be afraid of. The sky wont fall down.没有什么好怕的，天不会塌下来。4. They urged creators of virtual spaces for children to get young people

10、 involved very early on because they really do have good ideas and they are very good critical friends.他们呼吁为儿童创造虚拟空间，让年轻人早早地参与其中，因为他们真的有好的想法,并且他们是很好的诤友。该句子中They urged creators of virtual spaces for children to get young people involved very early on 为句子主句，其中urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示催促某人做某事；because

11、 they really do have good ideas and they are very good critical friends为原因状语从句；在该从句中包含强调句they really do have good ideas。如：I do like this book. 我确实喜欢这本书。练习：1. William Beebe，one of the first men_ the depth of the sea in a bathysphere，got interested in oceanography because of one book.A. exploring B. h

12、aving exploring C. to be exploringD. to explore2. Why do children like the virtual space when learning social skills?答案： 【话题解读】 “互联网与信息传媒技术”是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域计算机网络知识、新闻媒体等方面。互联网与信息传媒技术已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如智能手机、WiFi、微信、QQ、APP等。 “互联网与信息传媒技术”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，分值所占比重也比较高。例如：2017年浙江卷七选五、2016年全国卷七选五，2016年全国

13、卷阅读理解D篇；2015年全国卷的阅读理解B篇和七选五；2012年江苏卷完形填空；2009年江苏卷书面表达等。【相关词汇】.写作必记单词1.acquire v.获得2.advance v.进展；进步； n.进展；进步；前进advanced adj.先进的，高级的3.advantage n.优点4.challenge n.挑战5.convenient adj.便利的，方便的convenience n.方便，便利6.debate n.& v.争论7.explore vt.探索exploration n.检测；探险8.expose vt.揭露9.matter vi.有关系；要紧10.predict

14、v.预言；预先；预报prediction n.预测，预告predictor n.预言家11.disturb vt.打扰；扰乱；使心神不宁12.provide vt.提供13.replace v.取代14.support vt.& n.支持，赞助supporter n.支持者；拥护者.阅读识记单词15.cover vt.采访；报道；遮掩；盖上16.breakthrough n.重大进展，突破17.broadcast n.广播节目；vt.广播18.connect vt.连接，把联系起来19.convenience n.方便20.download v.下载21.experiment n.实验22.f

15、eature n.特写；花絮23.globe n.地球仪；地球24.hopeful adj.有希望的；有前途的25.instant adj.立即的；即时的26.intelligent adj.智能的intelligence n.智力；理解力27.mobile adj.移动的28.process n.& vt.过程；加工，处理29.spread v.传播；蔓延；流传30.scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家31.signal n.信号32.update vt.更新；使现代化33.system n.系统；体系34.technology n.技术

16、35.worldwide adj.遍及全球的，世界范围的【高频短语】1.be addicted to沉迷于2.by this means以这种方式3.catch on了解；理解；流行e out出版；发行；结果是5.have access to使用；接通；可以利用6.have an effect on/upon对有影响7.keep in touch with与保持联系8.keep pace with跟上9.land on the moon登月10.log in/on登录；进入11.shut down/off关掉12.with the development of随着的发展 I阅读理解阅读下面短文

17、，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2018新课标卷II）Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised

18、 conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social p

19、ractice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Ins

20、titute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psycho

21、logy at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee sh

22、op experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging

23、, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communic

24、ation between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals.3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improve

25、s family relationships. B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable SilenceB （2016新课标卷III）Bad news sells. If i

26、t bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and onli

27、ne posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. The if it bleeds rule works for mass media, says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story

28、 with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer. Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt nece

29、ssarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times webs

30、ite. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the most e-mailed list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeli

31、ng with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an artic

32、le, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A. News reports. B. Research papers.C. Private e-mails.D. Daily conversations.2. What can we infer about people like Debbie Down

33、er?A. Theyre socially inactive.B. Theyre good at telling stories.C. Theyre inconsiderate of others.D. Theyre careful with their words.3. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research?A. Sports news. B. Science articles.C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.4. What can b

34、e a suitable title for the text? A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide.B .Online News Attracts More People.C. Reading Habits Change with the Times.D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.CIf the loudest, most annoying alarm clocks have failed to separate you from your beloved bed, Shock Clock Wake up

35、 Trainer might be just the thing for you. This wearable alarm clock will surely shock you awake every morning, if beeps(嘟嘟声)and continuous slight shaking movements dont do the trick.Pavlok, the company behind Shock Clock, is founded by Maneesh Sethi, who first rose to fame on the Internet after hiri

36、ng a woman to slap him every time he opened Facebook. Having had previous success in his Pavlok Breaks Bad Habits device that helped people quit bad habits like nail biting and smoking, he claims that the devices sensory inputs have the potential to create permanent behavioral changes. It is apparen

37、tly the worlds first device that uses effective, tested sensory inputs to wake you up and keep you alert.The Shock Clock wristband will first start vibrating (振动), beeping, and then continue to send an electric shock to make the wearer awake, which is always thought to be impolite to the wearers. Af

38、ter a few of these awakenings, the brain will get used to the vibration and also expect to receive an electric shock, so a simple vibration will be enough to fully wake you up. Over time, the wearer will clearly wake up a few minutes before the electric shock, and wont even need to use it any more.T

39、he electric shock is carefully designed so that its enough to be uncomfortable, but not so strong that it hurts people, Sethi said. Its a lot like a static(静电)shock you get when you touch a handle after rubbing your feet on the carpet. The vibration is always silent and gentle, the beep is loud and

40、annoying, and the electric shock is powerful and effective.Priced at $199, Shock Clock is compatible(兼容的)with both iOS and Android apps. Other features include a nap lock, multiple alarms, sleep cycle analysis, and an option that informs friends and allows them to wake the wearer up if theyre still

41、not out of bed. Pavlok is currently raising funds for mass production, with over $225,000 collected so far.1.At first, Sethi was famous for .A. founding a company to change others bad habitsB. teaching others a lesson when they have bad habitsC. breaking one of his bad habits with a womans helpD. in

42、viting a woman to teach him how to use Facebook2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The features of Shock Clock.B. The way Shock Clock works.C. The creation of Shock Clock.D. The effects of Shock Clock.3.What does Sethi want to stress about Shock Clock in the last but one paragraph?A. Its safety.B.

43、 Its uniqueness.C. Its effectiveness.D. Its importance.DOne of the main creators of the World Wide Web Sir Tim Berners-Lee has warned that the fast growth of the Internet is also creating serious problems.He especially warns of false information being easily spread around the Internet, A great dange

44、r is that it becomes a place where untruths start to spread more than truths, or it becomes a place which becomes increasingly unfair in some way. In particular he mentions the phenomena of blogging. Blogging enables friends and contacts to easily spread information However he argues that people may

45、 too easily trust information mentioned in a blog. This inaccurate information can then easily become an accepted truth on the Internet.He suggests that the most important development of the Internet will be in creating ways of allowing people to check the correctness of information by providing ori

46、ginal sources. Sir Tim admits that this is an important challenge. Its interesting to note that Wikipedia(维基百科)has had to take steps to prevent false information being added to the biographies of living people. Its easy for anybody to edit the open source. However, some people have pointed out that

47、it has been used to spread false materials. In seeking to raise standards, Wikipedia has sought to stop publishing the false material.At the same time there is a growing view that the Internet has had a great effect on the way millions of people work. The last two years has seen a big growth in the

48、use of the Internet. There appears no slow-down in the growth of the Internet with increasing access in the developing countries. Sir Tim says another major challenge will be to provide free Internet for everybody. Sir Tim was recently launching a new joint initiative(倡议)between Southampton University and the Massachusetts Inst