【北师大版】高中英语一轮复习讲练精品：Part-II-语法部分-专题11--情态动词和虚拟语气(共28页).doc

《【北师大版】高中英语一轮复习讲练精品：Part-II-语法部分-专题11--情态动词和虚拟语气(共28页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【北师大版】高中英语一轮复习讲练精品：Part-II-语法部分-专题11--情态动词和虚拟语气(共28页).doc（28页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题十一情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词一、定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 二、特点1有一定词义；2不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3与主要动词的原形(或称不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除ought to作固定词组看待)。情态动词无人称和数的变化， 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式， 过去式用来表达更加客气， 委婉的语气， 时态性不强， 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己

2、的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。三、用法1can (could) Everyone here can speak English. (表能力)He cant / couldnt have seen her there. (表猜测)He could have gone home. (表猜测)Could / Can I use your pen?Yes, of course you can. (表允许)How can you be so careless? (表怀疑、惊异，主要用于否定、疑问句)Can / Could you lend me a hand? (表委婉发表

3、观点)2may (might) You may take whatever you like.(表允许，证据更委婉)注：在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont. / Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免显得太严谨或不客气。 They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. (表可能)3mustYou must buy a ticket. (表义务，意为“必须”)注：回答Must.? 引出的问句时，肯定回答用m

4、ust; 否定回答不能用mustnt, 而要用neednt或dont have to。Must I finish my homework now?Yes, you must.(No, you neednt / dont have to.)This must be Lucys. (表猜测，意为“想必；准是；一定”等，用于肯定) “must have 过去分词”表示“想必”之意，表示对过去的事情的推测。4shall Shall I play soccer after supper? May I play soccer after supper?If you dont behave yourself

5、, you shall be punished.5will I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 (表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句)Will you give me a cigarette? Or I will tell the boss.(表请求，用于疑问句)She will stand there sleeping for hours. (表示某种倾向或习惯性动作)6should You shouldnt be so careless. (表义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称)They should have arrived in Beijing by th

6、is time. (表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等)It is simply a miracle that rice should grow in such a place. (表示语气较强的意为“假设；万一；竟然”)7would I said I would do anything for you. (表意愿)Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus stop? (表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法)When he had a problem to solve, he would work at it until he fo

7、und an answer. (表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向)8ought toI really ought to phone my mother.(表义务，意为“应该”，口气比should稍重)Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. (表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱)9used to There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. (表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再发生或不复存在)I usednt

8、 / didnt use to smoke. (否定式) Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? (疑问式)虚拟语气一、定义虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示二、用法1虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中，一是在if条件状语从句中；二是在含蓄虚拟条件句中，通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件或句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。条件状语从句主句 与过去事实相

9、反had 过去分词should / would / could / might have 过去分词 与现在事实相反一般过去时 (be用were)would / should / could / might 动词原形 与将来事实相反一般过去时或(should / were to) 动词原形would / should / could / might 动词原形 If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。If it hadnt been for your assistance, we wouldnt have succeeded. But f

10、or your assistance, we wouldnt have succeeded. Without your assistance，we wouldnt have succeeded.要不是你的帮助，我们就不会成功了。If I asked him, Im sure hed help us.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。注意：错综时间虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。If it had rained last night, the ground would

11、be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。2虚拟语气用于主要是表示命令、要求、建议的动词后的宾语从句中。常见动词：一个坚持：insist；两个命令：order, command；三个建议：advise, suggest, propose；五个要求：demand, require, request, desire，ask。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形，或者将should

12、省略。Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention (should) be discussed at the meeting. 约翰森先生坚持应该在会议外讨论这个值得注意的问题。He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。注意：insist作“坚持说；强调”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气；

13、只有当insist作“坚持(应该)”解时，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。The stranger we caught insisted that he had never stolen anything. 我们抓住的那个陌生人坚持说他什么东西也没偷。3虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示不能实现的愿望，意为“可惜； 就好了；悔不该；但愿”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would (could)动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had 过去分词”或“(could) would have过去分词”。She wished she had staye

14、d at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。(与过去相反) I wish you would go with us tomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。(与将来相反)I wish I were you. 我要是你就好了。(与现在相反)4虚拟语气用在would rather后的从句中。若与现在或将来事实不符，从句用一般过去时；若与过去事实不符，从句用过去完成时。I would rather you paid me now. 我希望你现在就给我钱。(与现在事实相反)I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.

15、 我希望你昨天参加会议了。(与过去事实相反)5虚拟语气用于以as if (as though) 引导的表语从句或状语从句中。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had 过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would (might, could) 动词原形”。The coach always treats the players as if they were his own children.教练对待队员就像是对自己的孩子。She was suffering from a bad cold. Her head felt as if it w

16、ould burst。她正患重感冒，头疼的感觉就像要炸开一样。但as if (as though) 后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。It looks as if it is going to rain. 似乎要下雨。6虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中。If only I knew his name！我要是知道他的名字就好了。If only I had known the answer when my teacher questioned me.老师提问时，我要是知道答案就好了。7“Its necessary / strange / na

17、tural / important that.”在主语从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)动词原形，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer in modern times.在现代社会，有电脑常识是非常重要的。It is necessary that these useful expressions (should) be learnt by heart.我们记住这些有用的表达方式是很有必要的。It is suggested that she should fin

18、ish her task this afternoon.有人建议她下午就应完成任务。注意：这种从句表示的是事实，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。8表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即 (should) 动词原形。My suggestion is that the project (should) be completed by the end of the year.我建议工程应该在年底前竣工。We all agreed to his

19、suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for the National Day military parade.他提出去北京看国庆阅兵的建议，我们都非常赞成。9虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在“It is (high) time (that) .”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或“should 动词原形(should不能省略，be用were)”来表示，意为“(现在)该”。Its high time that you should stop smoking.你该戒烟了。10虚拟语气用于其他几种结构在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句，虚拟条件是

20、用其他形式表示出来，这种现象在语法上称为“含蓄条件句”。含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况：1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件You would be a fool to refuse his offer. If you should refuse his offer, you would be a fool. 要是你拒绝他的建议，就太傻了。2)通过介词短语表达条件But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. If it had not been for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded. 要不是你的帮忙，我们就不会成

21、功了。3)通过连词otherwise, or, but, that, though, once等表达条件She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she would have attended the meeting.她本可以参加会议，但是她当时感觉不舒服。4)通过“Were it not for.”或“Had it not been for.”等句式表达条件Were it not for / If it were not for the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life.要不是党

22、的领导，我们不可能过幸福生活。(与现在事实相反)Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains.要不是这位好心的向导，我可能就在山中迷路了。 (与过去事实相反)5)通过分词短语表达条件Given more information, they could have done the job better.倘若给予更多的信息，他们本来可以把工作做得更好。( If they had been given more information.)高考对情态动词的考查命题热点主要集中在以下几个方面： 1注重

23、在语言环境中根据说话人的语气来使用情态动词。 2情态动词表示推测或判断的用法考查。 3设置场景考查学生熟练使用表示责备等的情态动词加完成时的用法等。4虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点，考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示， 而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。高考试题探究（20062011年）【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.

24、will B.can C.must D.should【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside. A. ca

25、n B. should C. must D. may【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。【2011北京卷,24】I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not【答案】D【

26、考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。【2011北京卷,28】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】A【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】

27、句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【答案】C【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从

28、句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。【2011天津卷,15】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。【2011上海春招,27

29、】Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可能不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。【2011江苏卷,34】I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someo

30、ne gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示

31、对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。【2011福建卷,25】Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？恐怕

32、你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。【2011福建卷,34】Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+shou

33、ld / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。【2011安徽卷, 26】What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“你对将

34、来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。【2011浙江卷,11】Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢

35、她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。【2011四川卷,20】The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A.can B.may C.must D.should【答案】A【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。【2011重庆卷,25】Why didnt you come to Sim

36、ons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。【2011陕西卷,22】I_through that b

37、itter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone【答案】A【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。【2011陕西卷,24】Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_have o

38、ne if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D。【2011湖南卷,28】No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might【答案】A【考点

39、】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。【2011辽宁卷,21】If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”can可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will将要，愿意。根据后句的劝告，选C。【2011江西卷23】It _ be the post

40、man at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant 不可能；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。【2011江西卷28】We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will p

41、ut B. will have put C. would put D. would have put【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。10安徽Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed manA. woul

42、d be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been答案D考点本题考查情态动词推测用法。解析句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。10安徽Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy答案A考点本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。

43、10湖南You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to答案D考点本题考查情态动词。解析dont have to 意为 “没有必要”, 符合语境, 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物, 但如果你想买的话, 你也可以买。”10湖南If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow答案C考点考查虚拟语气。解析根据 “wou

44、ldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。10江西I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will答案A考点考查情态动词的用法。解析must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？10山东I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意应为 “我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示 “本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。10天津Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt答案A