雅思阅读分类词汇(共26页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上IELTS阅读分类词汇=阅读分类词汇=心理theorem原理，定理v.s. theorymethodology方法论 (method)physiology 生理学 (physiological)psychiatry精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互关系correlation coefficientsensation感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensationalperception感知，认知intuition知觉 (intuitive)ESP第六感 (Extrasensory Pe

2、rception)motivate激励 motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive激励因素stimulus刺激 stimulate, stimulationdisorder 紊乱，失调dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + functiondissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion) dep

3、ressedv.s. repression (压抑)insomnia 失眠phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy 过敏(症)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing.propensity Most boys have a propensity of pl

4、aying with machinery.= tendency, inclinationparanoid 偏执的 paranoia (偏执狂)workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic)symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图)assertive 武断的 (assert)therapy 治疗法group therapyhypnotism 催眠术 ( hypnotize)prescri

5、be 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribe prescription: drugsantidepressant 抗抑郁药tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil)side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的，免除的 (immunity)rehabilitation 复原，康复relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic 慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty 青春发动期adolescence 青春期 (the time of life betwe

6、en puberty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective 情感的 (affection)sane 神智健全的 insanesuperstition 迷信 superstitioustelepathy 传心术，通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistryapathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference)sympathy: sym(same) + pathypathology 病理学，病理，病变delusion 迷惑，欺瞒v.s. illusiondisorientat

7、ion迷失 (dis + orientation) disorientedpervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者perversionintrospection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省)sublimation 纯化，升华sublimepersonality = personal characteristic smultiple personality (多重人格)innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute 属性 ( attributable)trait 特征，品质national trai

8、ts 国民性vs. traitor=阅读分类词汇=科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的 versatilityalchemy 炼金术transmute 变形，变质transmute silver into gold (!)arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金aluminum = aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radiu

9、m,copper, brass, bronzeelectrode 电极distill 蒸馏 distilled waterquartz 石英phosphorus 磷，磷光物质inflammable 易燃的 ( flame)combustion 燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate 隔离，绝缘insulator ( conductorfiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)optics 光学 ( optical)re

10、tina 视网膜iris 虹膜opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary 二进制的integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer 缓冲区buffer storagebrowser 浏览器 (IE, Netscape)hypertext 超文本envisage 想象，看作 en + vis(see) + age be envisage

11、d as momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentaryreticular 网状的Ethernet 以太网domain 域 domain namescyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological 按时间顺序的 “chron”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot 机器人(“肉包它”) roboticsartific

12、ial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smilecone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missileJupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugalhigh-rise 高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral 大教堂dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure 基础设施 superstructuresewage 污水，

13、下水道hydraulic 水力的，水压的landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclearprefabricate 预先制造 prefab (预制的)polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric 几何(学)的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry() symme

14、tryconcave 凹的 convexbilateral 双边的，两方面的 unilateralparadoxical “似非而是”的 paradox (悖论)empirical 经验的empirical law/formulaclockwise 顺时针的 ( anticlockwise=阅读分类词汇=教育accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and boardlodging 寄宿(处)lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. renttenant 房客，佃户landlord 房东 landlady(f) Lord, tenant ,housema

15、te roommate, dormmate schoolmate, classmatedormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocalreciprocal 相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotelreal estate 房地产vicinity = neighborhoodflat 平的，瘪的 flat tire公寓(= apartment) condo, studi

16、obond = depositlinen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen)utensil 器皿stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry 洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐厅 canteencater 满足(需要)aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: airbadminton 羽毛球(运动)baseball 棒球 baseball batsquash 壁球(运动)amateur professionalgathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion 远足 (= outing, expeditio

17、n)commonwealth 共和国，联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary secondary tertiarypost-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwarilliterate 文盲 不识字的il(no) + lite

18、rate(words) illiteracy ( literacydiscipline 学科，纪律v.s. subjectterminology 术语faculty department and staff of a college/universitydean (大学)教务长curriculum 课程 (= course) extracurricular 课外的syllabus 课程提纲calendar 日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory 强制的，必修的 elective (选修的)examiner examinee take/sit

19、, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige 声望，威信 prestigiousesteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation 录取入学vocation 职业 (= calling, occupation, career) vocationalvocational educationTAFE Technical And Further E

20、ducation (Australian)abbreviation 缩略(词) abridge (缩短，删节)transferable (学分等)可转换的scholarship 奖学金= fellowshiptutorial 辅导(课) tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy (教育学，教学法) demagogue (政治煽动家)lexicography 词典编撰 ( lexicographer)assignment 任务，(课外)作业dissertation 论文 (= thesis)credential 证明，文凭 “c

21、red”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni 校友(男) alumnaeoverestimate 高估 ( underestimatedecipher 解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber 才干=阅读分类词汇=文化homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual, heterosexualmainstream 主流 主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解

22、(mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视racial/sexual discrimination discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 ( insular, island).microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 ( traitor patriotic,

23、patriotismcompatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the

24、Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise) entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事 ( anecdotal)notoriety 恶名 ( notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Whos George

25、 Bushs counterpart in China counterculture, counterbalancepeer同等的人 凝视，窥视( peep)subordinate 下级 下级的 superiortactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的 ( punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent absentee absent

26、eeismflextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancydownsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and fr

27、om which the successful person will be chosen (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 ( qualitativecontingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifesta

28、tion 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚 chicbizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 ( diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte=雅思阅读分类词汇=-生物/生理molecule 分子 molecula

29、rcell cellularamino amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst 催化剂chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis) photosyntheticbotany 植物学 ( zoology botanist, botanicalflora 植物群fauna 动物群b

30、acterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb herbal: tea herbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation 康乃馨 reincarnationfade 凋谢，褪色organism 机体，组织 organarthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid ()reptile 爬行动物amphibian 两栖动物mammal 哺乳动物 ( mamma!)primate 灵长目动物evolution 进化 ( evolve)anthropoid

31、类人猿 (“anthrop”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropyv.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组)genetics 遗传学 ( genetical)helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanitys DNAidentical 同一的 identity ( ID card) clonemutation 突变 gene mutation

32、mutable, immutable, mutantpredator 捕食者 ( preyembryo 胚胎 embryonic (萌芽的)roe 鱼子 caviar (鱼子酱)tadpole 蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球butterfly v.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen

33、 花粉 传粉 pollinate, pollinationhive 蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lavapupa 蛹 pupatepenguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)cerebral (大)脑的hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex 脑皮层migraine 偏头疼 migrantsomatic 躯体的limb 四肢upp

34、er/lower limbanatomy解剖，剖析paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery 动脉 ( veingland 腺体pancreas 胰hormone 荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol胆固醇efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness=雅思阅读分类词汇=环境问题conservation 保护，保存 ( conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 (alkaliacid raincarbon 碳 (C)

35、 v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum 石油 petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) unleaded petrol/gasozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze 渗出 渗出物radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gasessolar 太阳的 (solar energ

36、y) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon 现象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysmdeterioration 恶化 ( deteriorate)extinction 灭绝 ( extinct)species endangered speciesdrought 干旱 ( “找它”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate 淹没 “淹掉它”embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)sediment 沉积

37、（物）= depositdelta 三角洲the Pearl River Deltaalluvial 冲积的desertification (v.s. dessert)dust-storm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dune sand dune the game “DUNE”!attributable 归因于be attributable todeforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestationlog 原木，日志 伐木v.s. logovege

38、tation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat 栖息地 habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system) ecologyviability viable “vi”: life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic 人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + ici

39、nterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism 机理，机制precipitation 陡降，降水 ( precipice) evaporationcirculation 流通，循环tide tidal wave (海啸) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology 气象(学)volcano 火山eruption 喷发 ( erupt)volcanic eruption lavagran

40、ite 花岗岩imminent = impending v.s. eminentCelsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit 华氏的latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitudetropical (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier 冰川dump 倾倒，倾销 anti-dumpingcontaminate 弄脏 ( contaminant)recycle 回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable)re

41、claim 开垦，改造 reclamationcontentious 有争议的 ( contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.opt 选择(+ for) optionprioritize 优先考虑 ( prior, priority)=雅思分类词汇=医院mental hospital精神病医院 clinic诊所 physician/internist内科医生 oculist/eye doctor眼科医生 surgon外科医生 dentist牙医 vet兽医 shrink心理医生 symptom症状 have/c

42、atch a cold感冒 have a sore throat嗓子痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have a fever发烧 pneumonia肺炎 flu流感 have a cough咳嗽have a headache头痛 have a toothache牙痛liver trouble肝炎 allergy过敏症twisted/sprained扭伤的 feel dizzy头晕feel chilly觉得发冷 asthma哮喘diabetics糖尿病患者 cramps抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐 diarrhea腹泻vomitive/pukey恶心的 l

43、uggies/phlegm痰have a stuffed nose鼻子不通 cholera霍乱stiff neck脖子发僵 abscess脓肿yellow fever黄热病 hay fever枯草热pills药丸 mixture合剂eyedrops眼药水 syrup糖浆pad药棉块 vitamin维他命tablet药片 penicillin盘尼西林antibiotic抗生素 ointment药膏medication药物 aspirin阿司匹林bandage绷带 syringe注射器stethoscope听诊器 injection注射preventive injection预防针 gauze纱布

44、cold cure感冒药 sweating medicine发汗药febrifuge退烧药 capsule胶囊case history病历 extract拔牙take ones temperature量体温 see a doctor看病send for a doctor请医生 feel ones pulse量脉搏take ones blood pressure量血压 give a prescription开药方have an operation 动手术 make an appointment预约=雅思分类词汇=生活咨询make a reservation预定 confirm a reservation确认预定cancel ones reservation取消预定 frist come,frist serve先到先服务原则layover/stopover中途停留 timetable时刻表fare票价 toll通行费 saver ticket优惠票 open ticket开放机票one-way ticket单程票 round-trip ticket往返票airport tax机场税 duty-free s