被动语态专项练习(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 被动语态复习 翻译1. 孩子们是不被允许在河里游泳的。_2. 这台电脑有点问题，需要检修一下。_3. 对不起，这张桌子已经有人预定了。_4. 你知道那把伞被谁拿走了么？_5. 这个城市的地铁是前年造的。_语法复习被动语态复习(一) 语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的 ，被动语态表示主语是动作的 。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态结构：

2、例句： （自己造个句子）(二)被动语态的用法：【解析1】 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。【解析2】 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例：这座桥是去年建造的。_. 【解析3】 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用“by+ 人”的短语。例：ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。(三)被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体

3、现，done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：【解析1】 一般现在时的被动： 例：（ ）1. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析2】 一般过去时的被动： 例：（ ）1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【

4、解析3】 一般将来时的被动： 例：（ ）1. My new bike Tom tomorrowA.will lendB. will lentC. will be lentD. will be lent to【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析4】 现在完成时的被动： 例：（ ）1. -Can you sing this English song ? -Of course , I can.It many times on the radio.A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析5】

5、情态动词的被动： 例：（ ）1. The sick girl to the hospital at once.A. must send B. be must sent C. must be sentD. be sent 【拓展】 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done过去完成时：had+been+done过去将来时：should/would+bedone(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法： 例句：1. Myauntinvited me toherdinnerparty.执行者 动词 承受者变为 I was

6、invited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者 谓语 by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。(五)语态转换时所注意的问题：【解析1】 把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。练习：Wehaveboughtanewcomputer. = Anewcomputer_ _bought. 【解析2】含有双宾语的主动句变被动

7、句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。练习：Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语前加适当的介词，句子改写为：_回忆：还有哪些动词后，在间接宾语前用介词to？哪些动词后，在间接宾语前用介词for？介词to： 介词for： 【解析3】由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：(1). 动词+介词例：laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。(2). 动词+副词例：sellout,fin

8、dout,giveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。例句：ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.【解析4】带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。例1.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthb

9、ekeptclean)例2.Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo)Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。例：Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.记住下列变化：seesbdobeseentodo hearsbdo.beheardtodo listentos

10、bdobelistenedtotodo makesbdobemadetodo【解析5】有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。例1：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。例2：Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。例3：Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresol

11、dout.(被动句)【解析6】只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：（1）. 感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。例Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.例Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.例Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.（2）. 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplac

12、e,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。例Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.误： Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight.（3）. 不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。例Thesunhasalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.（）. 宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。例ItaughtmyselfEnglish. 误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish

13、.【解析7】在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。例据说 Itissaidthat例据报导Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.例众所周知ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.【解析8】注意区别系表结构（be+adj.）和被动语态。【课堂检测】 姓名： 得分： 一、用动词的正确语态填空。1.English_(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.2.APianoconcert_(give)herelastFriday.3.Thetown_

14、(call)Rugao.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_(sell)inthisshop.5.What_aknife_(make)of?It_(make)ofmetalandwood.6.Theoldmanisill.He_(mustsend)tothehospital.7.Theroom_(clean)byMumalready.Youdontneedtocleanit.8.Thesportsmeeting_(hold)inaweek.9.Heishappythathisdream_(come)true.10.Thecinema_(build)in1985.二.选择题:(

15、)1.Greatchanges_inChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened()2.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()3.Who_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()4.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()5.Themonkeywa

16、sseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()6.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.beputD.canput()7.Olderpeople_well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()8.Doyouknowwhat_?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled()9.Thisoldmachine_theroomwet.A.usedtokeepB.use

17、dtokeepingC.wasusedtokeepingD.wasusedtokeep()10.Youcangooutifyourhomework_.A.isdoneB.willdoC.willbedoneD.arefinished三翻译句子：1. Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry._inthesouthofthecountry.2.NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM_NancyJackson.3.Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow_

18、intheschoolhall.4.Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook_here.5. Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework_afterclass. Homework 1. 整理错题2. 完成以下作业一. 单项选择1. Look! A big modern building _ in our city.A. is builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. is building2. Your bike cant _ there.A. be putB. is put

19、C. be putted D. putted3. Mary _ the song at a party.A. heard sing B. was heard sing C. heard to sing D. was heard to sing4. _ trees usually _ in April?A. Have, plantedB. Are, plantedC. have, been planted D. Do, planted5. My room _ tomorrow.A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. will be cleaned D. is cleanin

20、g6. When _ your school _?A. did, built B. was， builtC. is， built D. was， building7. The window of our house _ once a week.A. have been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning8. The sick girl _ to the hospital at once.A. must send B. be must sent C. must be sentD. be sent9. Many books on

21、 science _ since I went to college.A. were boughtB. have been bought C. will be boughtD. are bought10. People have come to know that their health must _.A. pay more attention B. pay more attention toC. be paid more attention D. be paid more attention to11. A beautiful picture _ the children in the c

22、lassroom.A. was shown toB. was shownC. were shown to D. were shown12. A new bike _ Tom tomorrow.A. will lendB. will lentC. will be lentD. will be lent to13. Some eggs and a glass of milk _ the Frenchman.A. have been brought to B. has been brought toC. have been broughtD. has been brought14. Miss Whi

23、te said she _ some beautiful coats in the shop.A. had been showB. has been shownC. had been shown toD. had been shown15. Jack _ answer the question in French.A. asked to B. was ask C. was askedD. was asked to二. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。1.我们不把英语当作第一语言使用。_ _2.这些电视机是1990年日本出产的。_ _3. 法国人说英语还是法语?_ _4. 中国什么地方生产盐?_ _5. 这些树可以被种在道路的两边。_ _6. 每天早晨都能听到小鸟唱歌的声音。_ _7. 世界被变成了一个更小的地方。_ _ 专心-专注-专业