中考代词语法总结(教师)(共8页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第二章 代词用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为:人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。第一节 知识点概述一、人称代词数 人称 格单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweare第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem句子的成份例句作主语(代替上文中提到的人或物)Mrs. Suen is an English teacher. She teaches us geography.I cant read the story. It is written in Russian.作宾语(用宾格)直接宾
2、语Let her play now.We often meet him at the school gate间接宾语Granny offered us fruit.The sun gives us light and heat.介词宾语Please sit between him and me. The teacher took good care of us.作表语 (用主格或宾格)Who is that?Its me.It was I whom you saw at the station.1 人称代词不仅仅指人,也可以指事或物。2 人称代词主格单数he, she和it的复数,都是they
3、,宾格形式也相同,为them。3 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he(him),阴性she(her)和中性it(it),复数只有一个形式they(them),不分性别。4 选用什么人称代词,取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语,相当于形容词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,相当于名词,可以作主语、表语或宾语。物主代词形容词性数人称单数复数第一人称my 我的our 我们的第二人称your 你的your 你们的第三人称his 他的,her 她的,its
4、 它的their 他们的物主代词名词性数人称单数复数第一人称mine 我的ours 我们的第二人称yours 你的yours 你们的第三人称his 他的,hers 她的,its 它的theirs 他们的物主代词的用法:(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如:His pencil box is on the desk.This is our school.(2)名词性物主代词作名词用 本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,因此,后面不可再加名词。 作主语: Richards school bag is blue and mine is black. 里查德的书包是蓝色的,我的书包是黑色的
5、。(mine=my school bag) 作表语: Its his. 这是他的(东西)。 作宾语: He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典,你可以借我的。(作及物动词的宾语) “of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语,表示强调: He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。注意:试比较下面两句句子:This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。(照片是我拥有的,但不一定照的是我本人)This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。(照片上是我本人)
6、三、反身代词反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系,强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。反身代词的形式:单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己反身代词的用法:句子成分例句宾语直接宾语My father taught himself Japanese.Please help yourselves to some fruit, everyone.介词宾语The twelve-year-old boy can take care of himself.Do
7、nt think too much of yourself.同位语主语同位语She taught Thomas Edison herself.The detective story itself is worth reading.宾语同位语 Li Ming, I want to ask for leave. Youd better ask the teacher herself / himself.表语同位语 Who is the man? It was Mr. Yang himself.表语Im not quite myself today itself. 今天我感到不舒服。四、指示代词(一
8、)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this 这; that 那; these 这些; those 那些; such 如此的; same 同样的(二)指示代词的用法(1)this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2)such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样”,such a 这样一个,such as 像这样的。(3)same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。例如:1) That is our English teacher. (主语)2) This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)3) I prefer
9、 this (these) to that (those). (宾语)4) What he like best is this/that? (表语)5) I have never read such an excited book. (定语)6) I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)7) Such is our trip plan. (主语) (指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。8) She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)9) We were born on the same day
10、. (定语)注意:1) this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物,可以与 here 连用;that、 those 指空间上离说话人 较远的人或物,可以与 there 连用。2) 打电话或其他场合,看得到的一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。3) such 作定语时,如名词前有不定冠词,则用 such a/an + 名词。4) 在 same 之前必须加冠词 the.。五、疑问代词疑问代词的用法:句子成分例句主语Who invited you to dinner? Whose is the best?Whats in the bag? Which of
11、 them will win the prize?宾语直接宾语Whom did you meet on your way home? What is she doing?Which do you want, the red one or the blue one?间接宾语Whom are you waiting for?From whom should we learn? What are you talking about?表语Who are those women? What are you?Whose is the new bike?定语Which class are you in? W
12、hose report is this?What subjects do you study?注意:1Who 用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。2Which 指的物有范围限制,侧重于哪一个;What 指的物无范围限制,侧重于种类。3Whose 用于明确所有者,Whom 在口语中,whom 多为 who 代替。六、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, oth
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