代词和介词(语法)(共6页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上I. 代词:(人称、物主、反身、相互、指示、不定、疑问、连接、关系)1. 人称代词:单数复数一二三一二三我你他 她 它我们你们他们 她们 它们主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey宾格meyouhim her itusyouthem注:人称的次序:单数:you he and I; 复数:we you and they。用he或者she来代替国家、船只、动物等。用it代替婴儿。2. 物主代词:单数复数一二三一二三我你他 她 它我们你们他们 她们 它们形容词性myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis hers it
2、soursyourstheirs 3. 反身代词:(myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves、oneself、表示“自己”) 注:固定短语中的用法。(all by oneself独自地、一人地;of oneself自动地;for oneself独自地、亲自地;be not oneself感觉不适) 4. 相互代词:(each other两者间;one another三者间) 5. 指示代词:(this、that、these、those、such) 注:this、that可以作程度副词表示如此、那
3、么。 6. 不定代词:(意义型不定代词、组合型不定代词) 注:some可以接单数名词表示某一个;any可以接单数名词表示任何一个;some、any也可以作程度副词,表示一些或大约、任何。 7. 疑问代词:(who、which、whose、whom、what) 8. 连接代词:(引导名词性从句who、whom、whose、what、which) 9. 关系代词:(引导定语从句who、whom、whose、that、which)II. 介词:一、四十介词:1. about:关于;四周、周围;在身边;在附近;固定短语(be about to do、how about、what about)。e.g.
4、 We walked about the town. I have no money about me.2. above:高于;多于;非力所能及;固定短语(above all)。e.g. This book is above me.3. across:(方向)从表面过去;(位置)在对面;固定短语(run across)。e.g. He swam across the river.4. after:(时间、顺序)在之后;由于、鉴于;追赶、追求;依照仿照;固定短语(after all)。e.g. After failing in the last two English tests, he dec
5、ided to work harder. They named the boy after the great hero.5. against:紧靠、顶上;反对、逆向;防备。6. along:沿着7. among:在中(三者以上);之一(最高级)。e.g. Einstein is among the greatest scientists.8. as:当作、作为;固定短语(as for)。9. at:(表地点)在;(时间)在;(表示出于某种状态中);(速度、价格)以、按;(动作对象)目的物;(原因)由于;(能力)擅长。e.g. They are at meeting. I was surpri
6、sed at the news.10. before:(时间)在之前;(位置)在之前、当着的面;(顺序)先于;(选择)宁愿。e.g. He made a speech before a large audience. I would die before surrendering to them.11. behind:(时间)迟于;(位置)在后;(能力)低于、不如。e.g. I am far behind you in English.12. below:(位置)低于;(数量、程度、价值、位次、年龄、能力等)不如。e.g. He is below me in our company.13. b
7、eside:(地点)在旁边;(比较);与无关;固定短语(be beside oneself with)。e.g. My trouble is nothing beside his. What youve said is beside the question. I am beside myself with joy.14. between:在之间(两者)15. beyond:(时间)迟于;(位置)在远端、在以外;(范围)超过、为所不及;除之外(否、疑)e.g. He came back beyond the usual time. The book is beyond me. I know n
8、othing beyond this.16. by:(时间)不迟于、到为止;(位置)靠近、在旁边;(方法、手段)用、靠、乘、通过;(运动方向)沿着、经由;(标准、度量、数量)按、以;(程度)相差。e.g. Come and sit by me. He made a living by selling newspapers. I go by the store on my way to work. They sold the eggs by the dozen. He is taller than his father by a head.注:by后一般不用冠词the。在表示按、以时,只有ton
9、、yard、dozen前可以接the。17. down:沿着、沿着向下。18. during:在期间。19. except:除之外(排除);固定短语(except for)。20. for:(目的、目标、用途)为了、给;(方向、倾向、能力)向、往;(时间、距离、数量)历经、累计、达;(交换、补偿);支持;(原因)由于;当作、作为;就而言。e.g. Here are some books for children. The plane leaves for London. We walked for miles. He bought the car for $800. What do you h
10、ave for lunch? Its too hot for April.21. from:(时间、地点的起点)从;(距离、间隔)离;(来源、出处)从;(动机、理由)出于;由制成;(区别)和。e.g. I lived 50 miles away from school. I am from Shenyang. I did so just from a sense of duty. Cheese is made from milk.22. in:(场所、地点)在里;(时间)在、在后、在期间;(状态、情况、服饰)在中;处于中;(方法、方式)用、以;(范围、领域、关系)在上;(运动方向)进入、朝。e
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