2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题(58)及答案(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题（58）及答案阅读理解DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid)is one of the most important discoveries in science. DNA is the plan for the human being, as a blueprint is the plan for a building. DNA makes a person look the way he does. A persons DNA comes from a mixing of his parents DNA. Tha

2、ts why a child looks like his parents. But, besides controlling things such as height and hair color, DNA can also give people diseases. Scientists are now studying DNA to cure diseases.In the seventies, scientists developed a process called recombinant (重新组合) or RDNA. Although it sounds difficult t

3、o understand, RDNA simply means taking DNA from one animal or plant and putting it into another. By doing so, scientists can create new beings. In so doing, scientists can better understand DNA, especially what parts of DNA do what. After they understand DNA, scientists can begin to cure diseases. O

4、ften, the new being created will itself be the cure.Besides curing diseases, RDNA research can also do other things. For example, scientists in Japan have already created “supertrees”. Trees help humans, because they take CO2, which poisons humans, from the air and turn it into oxygen, which lets hu

5、mans breathe. “Supertrees” do this too, but do it much faster. As things such as cars and factories have already put much CO2 in the area, “supertrees” are badly needed.Unfortunately, there is a serious danger in RDNA research. Scientists want to create animals to cure old diseases, but these new an

6、imals may also create new diseases. It will be a serious problem if the animals escape from the science laboratory and into nature. As these animals are not natural, they may let_loose many new powerful diseases.As a result, RDNA research will create many solutions(解决方案), but it will also create man

7、y problems.5From the passage, we can know that a boy looks like his parents because _.A. he is son of his parentsB. his parents DNA decides his appearanceC. he has received DNA from his father or his motherD. scientists have put some of his parents DNA into him6What does the underlined expression “l

8、et loose” probably mean?A. let.go free B. get rid ofC. absorb D. survive7What is the best title for the passage?A. The DAN Research in Japan.B. A New Way of DNA Research in Japan.C. The Causes and Effects of DNA Research.D. The Advantages and Disadvantages of RDNA.8The following statements are true

9、about RDNA research EXCEPT _.A. the research has been stopped because the created animals carry virusesB. “supertrees” might be widely planted around the worldC. scientists have not completely understood DNAD. RDNA research will benefit human beings a lot答案说起DNA，大家都知道它指的是遗传基因，可你知道什么是RDNA吗？本文将带你去探索这个

10、神秘的微观世界。5B。细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知孩子之所以看起来像父母是由于父母的DNA决定了他的相貌。父母不是把他们的DNA以外在形式传递给孩子，因而D项错误。6A。词义猜测题。本段前面提到这种被科学家们创造出来的动物可能会产生新的疾病，所以如果它们从实验室中逃脱，可能会“传播”很多新的可怕的疾病。后三项分别表示“除掉”“吸收”“幸存”，都不符合语境。7D。主旨大意题。文章从第二段开始叙述的都是RDNA的优点和缺点，因此本部分内容是文章的中心。8A。细节理解题。此项在文章中没有信息支持。由于“supertrees”能比普通的树更快地吸收二氧化碳，所以能在全世界种植；根据第一段最

11、后一句可知科学家还没有完全理解DNA；根据第二段后半部分和第三段前半部分可知D项本身没有错误。阅读理解Researchers in Britain are driving the environmental movement to a whole new level. A team from the University of Warwick has built what it calls the worlds first completely environmentallyfriendly Formula Three racing car.The car is made mainly of

12、sustainable and renewable materials, like plants and vegetables. The structure around the car is made from natural plant fibers and potatoes. The steering wheel is made from root vegetables like carrots. The engine uses biofuel made from vegetable oil and waste chocolate.The new race car is extremel

13、y fast. The car has a top speed of 215 kilometers an hour. And it can go from zero to 95 kilometers an hour in just two and one half seconds. The race car meets all of the Formula Three racing requirements except for its biodiesel(生质柴油) engine.The car resulted from the efforts of the University of W

14、arwicks Manufacturing Group and the Warwick Innovative Manufacturing Research Center. They developed the car because of criticism of the racing industry.Automobile racing is one of the most widely watched sports in the world. But it also is considered one of the least friendly to the environment. Ra

15、ce cars burn a lot of fuel, and create a lot of air pollution.In recent years, the racing industry has taken steps to protect the environment. More racing companies are now producing cars that use less energy. These cars produce less pollution than vehicles that depend on traditional fuels, like gas

16、oline.Last year, two American government agencies and an international organization announced a number of policies for environmentallyfriendly racing. They are known as the Green Racing Protocols(协议)The two agencies are the United States Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agenc

17、y. The organization SAE International represents engineers and technical experts in the transportation industry. Officials from the American Le Mans Series also were involved in the effort.The American Le Mans Series became the first racing event to use the protocols in its Green Challenge competiti

18、on. The race was held in October of last year.Last month, the World First Formula Three racing car was set to run in its first competitive race at the Formula Three Championship Final at Brands Hatch. It would have been the first biodieselpowered car to race at Formula Three.Current Formula Three ru

19、les let only gasolinepowered cars compete. Officials needed permission from all of the other Formula Three racers for the biodiesel World First car to compete. They were unable to contact one of the drivers, so the World First car was barred from the event.In test runs, the World First car was the f

20、ifth fastest among Formula Three racing cars. Supporters are hoping to have the fuel issue resolved in time to compete next season.语篇解读：英国研究者使环境保护再上一个新台阶：最近他们研制出一款新型的节能环保赛车，这种赛车的速度丝毫不逊色于传统赛车。9Which of the following can be used to describe the new racing car?AEcofriendly，energyconserving, gasolinepow

21、ered.BBiodieselpowered, fast, environmentallyfriendly.CFast, easilydamaged, intelligent.DGreen, fast, costeffective.解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这种新型的赛车靠生质柴油驱动，速度快且有利于环保。故选B项。答案：B10The underlined word “barred” in the passage can be replaced by “_”Adestroyed BforbiddenCsaved Dexcused解析：词义猜测题。根据所在的语境判断，如果这种赛车想要参

22、赛必须得到其他所有参赛运动员的许可，而他们无法和其中的一名参赛选手取得联系，所以这辆车最终被禁止参赛。答案：B11Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AThe new racing car was built by Britain and America jointly.BThe new racing car is made completely from sustainable and renewable materials.CThe Green Racing Protocols are aim

23、ed at reducing pollution.DThe new racing car was the first biodieselpowered car to race at Formula Three.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段和第七段的内容可知，这一协议旨在让赛车减少油耗以达到降低环境污染的目的。答案：C12It is implied from the passage that _.Athe new racing car is the worlds first environmentallyfriendly carBin the racing event the new rac

24、ing car was ranked the fifthCthe traditional racing industry is criticized for its damage done to the environmentDofficials from Formula Three have a preference for biodieselpowered cars 学#科# 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“They developed the car because of criticism of the racing industry.”可推断出传统的赛车行业由于其对环境造成的破

25、坏而备受指责。答案：C13. The passage is intended to _.Aexplain the principle of a new racing carBintroduce to the readers an environmentallyfriendly racing carCevaluate the function of a racing carDpromote public consciousness of environmental protection解析：主旨大意题。本文重点向读者介绍一种新型的节能环保赛车。答案：B。阅读理解(山西省三市联考)The iPho

26、ne, the iPad, the iPod: each of Apples products sounds cool and has become a fad(一时的风尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” and many other brands are following suit. The BBCs iPlayer which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet adopted the title in 2008.

27、 A lovely bear popular in the US and UK that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmeddown version of Londons Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”In general, singleletter prefixes(前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as email and ecommerce first

28、 came into use.Most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independents “i”， its no surprise that theyve selected this fashionable name.But its hard to see whats so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”， “b”， or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, h

29、ead of the Language Center at Kings College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”， no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didnt have one clear

30、 definition，” he says.“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability(轻便)，” adds Thorne.Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for

31、this reason.Along with “Google” and “blog”， readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.But as history shows, people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associat

32、ed with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared.语篇解读：本文为说明文。苹果公司推出的带有i前缀的产品销售得异常火爆，你知道为什么吗？本文就介绍了这方面的取名知识。5We can infer that the Independents “i” is aimed at _.Ayoung readers Bold readersCfashionable women Dengineers解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可判

33、断Independents “i”主要针对的读者群是年轻人。答案：A6The underlined word “ambiguous” means “_”Apopular BuncertainCdefinite D unique解析：词义推测题。根据第四段最后两句所讲的例子可以判断ambiguous是“不明确的，模棱两可的”意思。答案：B7Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are _.Aportable Benvironmentally friendlyCadvanced Drecyclable解析

34、：细节理解题。根据第五段的However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability(轻便)可知带有i前缀的产品通常与轻便联系在一起。故选A项。答案：A8The writer suggests that _. Z#xx#k A“i” products are often of a high qualityBthe popularity of “i” products may not last longCthe letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the productsDi

35、Teddy is a live bear 学科 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句But as history shows, people grow tired of f ads以及后面的例子可推知作者认为带有i前缀的产品的盛行也维持不了太长的时间。答案：B。 Whoever named the bird turkey a word that English speakers began mentioning as long ago as 1541 made a big mistake. Although that bird came from Guinea（几内亚）in Africa, t

36、he English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. When English speakers established their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, they thought they saw turkeys there too. “We found an island, on which there were many turkeys,” wrote one. Th

37、ese birds were not from Turkey and were not related to the Guinean fowl（家禽）of Africa. But turkeys they were called, and turkeys they remain.Much of what we know about the Jamestown colony was written by Captain John Smith, whose efforts preserved the colony from collapse（垮掉）and who in turn was prese

38、rved by the Indian “princess” Pocahontas. Smiths accounts of the colony frequently mention turkeys as food, gifts, and objects of trade. In 1607, Smith wrote, to celebrate the first peace after the first armed fight, the Indians brought turkeys, bread and what they had, singing and dancing in celebr

39、ation of friendship till they departed. Elsewhere Smith noted that the Indians made warm and beautiful cloaks（披风）from turkey feathers. Further north, as the Plymouth colony neared the end of its first year in 1621, Governor William Bradford also observed a great flock of wild turkeys, of which they

40、took many. Undoubtedly, turkeys were among the fowls served at the first Thanksgiving dinner.Despite those significant beginnings and Benjamin Franklins lobbying（游说）, the turkey lost to the bald eagle in the contest for American bird. And it is a loser in modern English slang, too. Since the 1920s,

41、turkey has been a term for a play or movie that is a failure, and since the 1950s for a person who is not fit for his job. But though the turkey never succeeded in becoming the American symbol, it did become the American feast. Thanksgiving is Turkey Day, and the turkey has come into our language mo

42、re than other birds. We never “talk eagle”, we “talk turkey” when we speak frankly.63. Who named the bird turkey?A. English speakers. B. Turkish merchants.C. Captain John Smith. D. Guineans.【答案】A【解析】从第一段的第二句话Although that bird came from Guinea（几内亚）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it

43、from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. 得知虽然这种鸟原产地是几内亚，但是是英国人从Turkish商人那里买的，很自然的，英国人就称这种鸟turkey.【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题64. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _. A. turkeys were brought to Jamestown by Smith 学科 B. the Indians fought with Captain Smith for turkeys C. tur

44、keys were served at the first Thanksgiving dinnerD. Captain John Smith wrote a book named Jamestown Colony65. When we say somebody is a turkey, it means _. A. he is very angry B. he has no ability to do his jobC. he likes eating turkeys D. he speaks frankly66. Which of the following statements is tr

45、ue according to the passage? A. The turkey was beaten in a fight by the bald eagle. B. Turkeys were introduced to America from Guinea. C. The turkey has become American food because it was beaten.D. Turkey has become a term of failure in modern English slang. (合肥市第三次质量检测)Today our life and work rare

46、ly feel light or pleasant. Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into huge responsibility. It becomes the standard greeting everywhere: I am so busy.We say this to one another with no small degree of pride. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imag

47、ine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, to be unable to find time for the sunset, to speed through our responsibilities without time for a single mindful breath this has become the model of a successful life.Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the nourishment(营养) that gives us help. We miss the quiet that gives us wisdom. Poisoned by the belief that