介词+关系代词引导定语从句的几种情况(共2页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上“介词关系代词”引导定语从句的几种情况 先来看课本第18单元语法部分的练习（人教高二下P61）中的几个句子： (1) The room in which we took the photos was very dusty. (2) The wires with which the machines were connected were very (3) The four ancient Chinese inventions of which we are proud have remained important in human history for thous

2、ands of years. 上述三个定语从句中的关系代词前分别用了不同的介词，同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到什么困难，但对于“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择却可能会感到迷惑。“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句在近几年的高考题中出现的频率颇高，而且变化多样，希望下文的总结能帮助同学们突破这一难关。 一、“介词关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句 正式语体中，关系代词作介词宾语，常常把介词置于关系代词which/whom之前；非正式语体中，介词可置于从句末。介词的选择取决于其与作先行词的名词、代词的搭配或与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配。有时候需要兼顾先行词和定

3、语从句中的动词。 【考例】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_people were eaten by the tiger.（2005广东卷） A.in whichB.by which C.whichD.that 此题中的介词取决于前面的名词scenes，构成in the scenes，故选A。 温馨提示：“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句要和“介词+疑问代词”引导的宾语从句区别开。两种句子结构很相似，但亦有区别：“介词关系代词”前面是名词

4、或代词，而“介词疑问代词”前面则是动词或形容词。 【考例】They way he did it was different _we were used to. （2005江西卷） A. in whichB. in that C. from whatD. from which 该题很容易让同学们误选D，把它看成“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。be different from是一形容词短语，what引导宾语从句作介词from的宾语，而不是from which引导的定语从句，故选C。 二、“介词关系代词which名词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语或表语，有时候也可以充当定

5、语。which可以指代一个名词（词组）、一个短语，也可以指代整个句子。而which所修饰的名词（如time, case, city等）是对先行词的内容起概括作用的名词。 【考例】Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.（2005重庆卷） A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time whi

6、ch指代from 1999 to 2003这一短语的内容，time对前面的短语from 1999 to 2003起概括作用。这一短语又表示在短时间内，故选A。 三、“the名词of关系代词which”引导的非限制性定语从句 这种结构中，of which充当定语，修饰前面的名词，整个结构相当于“whose名词”引导的定语从句。 【考例】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_was very reasonable. （2000上海卷） A. which priceB. the price of which C. its price D. the pr

7、ice of whose 据题意，后文是对前面句中的名词an ancient Chinese vase起补充说明的作用，故应是一个非限制性定语从句，which一般不作定语，C项前如加一个连词and则成立，D项结构不正确，故选B，相当于whose price。 四、“the形容词比较级（最高级）ofwhichwhom”引导的非限制性定语从句 【考例】There are two buildings,_stands nearly a hundred feet hight.（2004湖北卷） A. the larger B. the larger of themC. the larger one th

8、at D. the larger of which 据题意，后部分是对前面名词two buildings的补充说明，同学们很容易误选B项，错误在于忽略了两个简单分句之间应该有关联词。答案为D，后部分相当于and the larger of them stands nearly a hundred feet high。 五、“代词most, some, many, few, neither等of关系代词which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可把“of关系代词which/whom”置于代词前。 【考例】I have many friends,_s

9、ome arebusinessmen. （2005全国卷） A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom 据题意，后部分是对前句中的名词many friends起补充说明的作用，故选D。of whom引导非限制性定语从句，相当于一个并列分句and some of them are businessmen。 六、“数词of关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句 这种结构也常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可以把“of关系代词which/whom”置于数词前。数词包括百分数和基数词。 【考例】The factory produces half a million pairsof shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.（2004辽宁卷） A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that 此题的后部分是对前部分中的名词half a million pairs of shoes起补充说明的作用，属于非限制性定语从句，在某个范围里用介词of，故选A。 -专心-专注-专业