名词性从句学案(共3页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1 Grammar名词性从句Learning goals: 1. 名词性从句复习，确定会做其填空题。 2. 名词性从句在写作中的用途和训练。Step 1 An introduction of Noun clause概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.

2、3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.Step 2 名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分），that,（不充当从句的任何成分，无词义）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, whyStep 3名词性从句的三个基本要素要素一：引导词 也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是t

3、hat类，二是if / whether类，三是疑问词类。既然是引导词，所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。要素二：语序 名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语谓语”。 尤其是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时，不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问句词序。事实上，任何一种从句，其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。误：I didnt know where did he live.正：I didnt know where he lived. 我不知道他住哪儿。误：Who will he marry remains unknown.正：Who he will marry remains unknown. 他同

4、谁结婚还不知道要素三：时态 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：She said that she didnt want to know. 她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意Step 4 主语从句一是从句作主语，主句谓语动词用第三人称单数；二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语，尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that中，或在It seems / happens that中，或疑问句中；三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导

5、的主语从句一般不用形式主语。为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend

6、 the meeting.用 it 句型翻译:1. 据说今年高一学生要学新教材. 2. 事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务. 3. 碰巧他们已经参加过军训了. 4. 众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人. 5. 我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要. Step 5宾语从句一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句；二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将that从句置于补语之后；三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时，若宾语从句要表示否定意义，往往要通过否

7、主句来实现，即所谓否定转移；四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时，that不能省略；that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略；that从句单独回答问题时，that也不能省略。Correct1 The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about .2 Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3 I find that this should be kept secret for the time

8、 being necessary.4 Can you doubt if she will succeed?5 I worried about if my brother will return in time.6 She said that she has never told a lie.7 Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8 Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9 It looked that he was well prepared for the

9、unexpected challenge.10 That he said moved everyone present.Step 6 表语从句一是除that, whether和疑问词外，as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句；二要注意“thats why+结果”以及“thats because+原因”的区别；三是注意the reason (why / for) is that句式。句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。如：

10、My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. 我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩子们英语。表语从句中应注意：1. 连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如：What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。2. 当句子的主语是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan

11、, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。翻译练习：这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.Step 7 连接词的选用Athat，whether，if，as if(限用于表语从句)

12、都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它们所引导的句子结构必须完整。that 一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的that可省略，而其他情况中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不确定的语句中。如：(1)That he learnt English before is certain. 他学过英语是肯定的。(2)I dont know whether / if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。(3)He looks as if he knows the answer. 看起来他好像知道答案。B连接代词、连接副词都作句子的成分，因此，选用时须确定从句是否缺少成分，

13、然后再确定选用适当的连接词。如：(1)I dont know _ he lives. (2)I dont know _ he lives there. (3)I dont know _ he lives there by fishing. (4)I dont know _ he likes. 根据从句里面的成分，句子(1)可填地点、方式等连接词where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why 或方式连接副词how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why；句子(4)缺少宾语，可填what。Step 8 homework

14、选择填空1、It doesnt matter I rest or not.Aif Bwhether Cthat Dwhen2、_I cant understand is he wants to change his mind.Athat, that Bwhich, what Cwhat, why Dwhat, that3、 I was free that day.AIt happened to BIt happened that CThat happened DIt was happened that4、He you are not going abroad.Asurprised that B

15、is surprised whether Cis surprised that D surprised at5、I wonder how much .Acost the coat Bdoes the coat cost Cthe coat costs Dthe coat is cost6、 I have will be yours sooner or later.ANo matter what BWhatever CWhether DThat7、 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Fr

16、iday.AIt says BHe is said CIt has said DIt is said8、 we go swimming every day us a lot of good.AIf, do BThat, do CIf, does DThat, does9、Is this we met them last night.？ Awhere Bplace Cplace in which Dplace which10、We all know the truth there is air, water and sunlight there are living things.Awhere

17、Bwherever Cthat Dthat wherever用名词性从句翻译句子。1 他懂日语,这一点大家都知道 2 令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他. 3 他什么时候来不清楚. 4 他来不来没什么要紧的 5 他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密. 6 在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的. 7 我们怎么处理这些书与你无关. 8 她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚. 9 明天会发生什么事还是个谜. 10 她所买的只是一些蔬菜. 11 我们什么时候开会不清楚. 12 们在什么地方开会不清楚. 13 们为什么要开会不清楚. 14. 他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣 15. 谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定. 专心-专注-专业