基于单片机的外文翻译(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Presented in this paper is a design of pulse measuring instrument based on MCU, as the circuit module plays an important role in the system, such as heart rate acquisition circuit, display circuit and STC89C52 microcontroller through the serial port to realize the connection. This desig

2、n with STC89C52 microcontroller as the central control unit, through ST188 as infrared photoelectric sensor to collect the pulse signal, after the lm358 for op amp; again through before and after filtering, magnifying, shaping, and get stable signal; functions to achieve the rapid detection of heart

3、. You can also through the button to set the pulse value scope; buzzer driver module In the range beyond the scope of the alarm prompt, the measurement results in the liquid crystal display.Experimental results show that the test results of the design and practical requirements are basically the sam

4、e, STC89C52 MCU strong anti-interference ability and LCD1602 display control the advantages of more convenient so that these features can be successfully completed. The production cost less than 100 yuan, with low price, easy manipulation, low power consumption, high reliability, very applicable to

5、families and individuals.Heart rate) in professional terms is used to describe the human heart beat cycle. Pulse of modern Chinese will be interpreted as heart beating frequency value; so the heart rate can also said in a unit of time, heart rhythm speed.Everyones heart rate signals mostly contains

6、rich physiological and psychological information. This is due to the health of internal organs of the body can reflect in the pulse information. This discovery has gradually attracted the attention of many clinicians. In our country, pulse diagnosis has been regarded as the essence of Chinese medici

7、ne; so far the clinical practice has about 2600 years. However due to the use of fingers often there will be some sweat glands refers to pulse diagnosis in the presence of errors can not be ignored; and leads to inaccurate measurement. Then perhaps you would say and the ear vein measurement, instead

8、 of the previous is often used. Although by measuring ear ripple come to pulse signal relatively comparison Clean, but because the ear pulse signal is weak, especially when the seasonal changes, the measurement signal is vulnerable to the influence of environmental temperature, resulting in inaccura

9、te measurement values.With the development and progress of world science and technology and economy, cherish life, health care has become a common pursuit of mankind throughout the world. According to the Health Bureau statistics, every year because of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases dea

10、th of the highest number of human deaths first, not only the high cost of health care, back to the family, the government and the society caused great burden. In recent years, due to the accelerated pace of life, unreasonable eating habits and many junk food impact and other reasons, the incidence o

11、f cardiovascular and cerebrovascular is showing a trend of rising year by year. How to scientifically and harmless reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, effectively reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and social Family burden, has become a very serious problem faced b

12、y human beings all over the world.World first lever type pulse scanner is Vierordt was founded in 1854. It is a lever and a pressure drum scanner uses the notation to record the pulse waveform, also is the human for the first time through non invasion of recording the human body pulse, then caused a

13、 great sensation. However the starting point for the development of domestic relatively is relatively low, in the early 50s of the 20th century Zhu Yancai will pulse instrument reference to objective study on the pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, non invasive vascular

14、 function detection gradually attracted the eyes of the medical professionals. Since about 1980, no trauma vascular function detection by using the small range, its principle is roughly Based on hemodynamic rheology theory and elastic chamber theory. Characterized in it by the module temperature, bl

15、ood pressure cuff module, blood oxygen module of multi physiological signal acquisition module combination by of brachial artery blocking opening in the process of finger end temperature signal, oxygen saturation and pulse wave signal changes of the parameters of the, again according to the clinical

16、 trial data acquisition and through the method of signal processing and statistical analysis, establishment of vascular function quantitative evaluation formula and blood vessel function evaluation. It has noninvasive, simple operation, accurate, good repeatability and convenient for clinical applic

17、ation and automatically generates diagnosis of cardiovascular function, health status analysis and gives related medical solution Release.Now pulse testing is no longer confined to the traditional manual testing or stethoscope test, only use electronic devices can be obtained more accurate data. In

18、todays society, most of electronic measuring instruments has been directed towards the digitization, automation development direction. Pulse measuring instrument is not only good performance, simple structure, and has good value of application and popularization. In general, the pulse measurement in

19、strument development is mainly the following trends: first, in the absence of human can automatically analyze the measurement of pulse value; the pulse of the traditional instrument need after experienced doctor pulse signal of the first initial analysis and then make a comprehensive analysis to fin

20、al To confirm the results, this method of total said to not only waste a lot of manpower and by factitious error is relatively large. The second: the wide application of digital technology and other advanced technology; pulse measuring instrument integration to want to achieve a higher degree, and a

21、re more convenient to carry must rely on the rapid development of digital science and technology; at the same time digital signal processing application will enable interference becomes smaller measurement result is more accurate. The third: multi function of more and more obvious. The fourth: cheap

22、, easy to carry and application and popularization value better, to the general public convenience.Has always been in the hospital for basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of most source extracted from the human pulse wave in physiological and pathological information. In China, feeling the pu

23、lse is old doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is the most commonly used to diagnose disease, has been in use ever since. The pulse signal emitted by human body contains the velocity of heart rate, full waveform, period and amplitude, a full range of integrated information, in a large extent can

24、reflect human body each part information (for example blood viscosity, blood velocity). Although these biological signals exist in the human body, the signal intensity relative to said is relatively weak; if in a noisy environment effect is more obvious. This graduation design principle is the use o

25、f single-chip microprocessor STC89C52 as the center processor; pulse signal is collected by the sensor, through the microcontroller chip in the interior of the system timer to set the time; finally get the heart rate beat numerical by STC89C52 microcontroller to signal accumulation can be. Normal he

26、artbeat is about 60-100 per minute times, circuit diagram of key module can through the button to set the scope of peoples heart rate, above or below the setting range of possible heart there will be risks, buzzer driver module will drive buzzer alarm; the final measurement results Will be displayed

27、 on the LCD. The design can by viewing the IR indicates whether the lights and flashing, if sustained, stable flashing that test results are correct and error is small. With the assumption that the display results back and forth rock and numerical difference between the larger, there may exist error

28、. Through the above steps, can roughly determine the bodys own health, and is particularly suitable to be used to the individual or family, is also sometimes used in nursing homes and healthcare center.The design of the selection of SCM is STC89C52。STC89C52 is STC company production of a low power,

29、High Performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller, with 8K bytes of in system can be classic MCS-51 core flash memory programming.STC89C52, but lots of improvements make the chip with traditional 51 microcontroller does not have the function. In a single chip, has a versatile 8-bit CPU with in system prog

30、rammable flash. STC89C52 makes for many embedded control application system provides a highly flexible, super efficient solution. With the following standard features: 8K bytes of flash, 512 Bytes of ram, 32 I / O lines, watchdog timer, built-in 4KB EEPROM and max810 reset circuit, three 16 bit time

31、rs / counters, four external interrupt, a 7 vector 4 level interrupt structure (compatible with traditional 51 5 vector two-level interrupt structure), a full duplex serial port. Also STC89X52 can be reduced to 0 Hz static logic operation, support two software selectable power-saving mode. In idle m

32、ode stops the CPU and allowing the ram, timer / counter, serial port, and interrupt system to work. Power down protection, the RAM contents is Save, the oscillator is frozen, the microcontroller all work to stop until the next interrupt or hardware reset so far. The maximum operating frequency of 6T

33、/12T, 35MHz optional.STC89C52 has the following characteristics: STC89C52with MCS-51 series single chip microcomputer in instruction system and the pin is fully compatible with; on-chip 4K byte online can repeat programming flash program memory; static job, scope of work: Hz 24MHz; three level progr

34、am memory encryption; 128 x 8-bit internal RAM; 32 bit bidirectional input and output lines; two 16 bit timer / counter five interrupt sources, two-level interrupt priority; a full duplex asynchronous serial port; intermittent and power down two work strong anti-interference: High anti-static ESD pr

35、otection, easy 2KV/4KV fast pulse interference; wide voltage, power supply are not afraid of jitter; wide temperature range, - 40 DEG C to 85 DEG C; prohibit the ale output; ultra low power consumption: power down mode: typical power consumption 0.1 Mu A; idle mode: typical power consumption 2mA. In

36、 normal operation mode: typical power 4mA-7mA; off electric mode can be by external interrupt awaken, applicable for battery powered systems, such as a water meter, gas meter, portable equipment, etc.。本文介绍的是一种基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计，作为该系统中重要的电路模块，如心率采集电路、显示电路和STC89C52单片机之间通过串口实现连接。本次设计运用单片机STC89C52作为中心控制处理单元，

37、通过ST188作为红外光电传感器来采集脉搏信号，经过LM358进行运放；再通过前后级滤波、放大、整形，从而得到稳定信号；实现了快速检测心率的功能。还可以通过按键来设置脉搏值的上下限范围；蜂鸣器驱动模块可以在超出所设置的范围时进行报警提示，测量结果在液晶上显示。实验表明，该设计的测试结果与实际的要求基本一致，STC89C52单片机超强的抗干扰能力和LCD1602显示屏控制比较方便的优点使这些功能能够顺利地完成。该系统的制作成本在百元以内，具有价格低廉、便于操纵、功耗小、可靠性高等优点，十分适用于家庭和个人使用。 心率(Heart Rate)用专业术语来说就是用来描述人体心率跳动的周期。现代汉语中

38、将脉搏值解释为心脏跳动的频率；故心率也可以说在一个单位时间内，心脏律动的快慢。每个人的心率信号中大都蕴含着丰富的生理心理信息，这是由于人体内脏器官的健康可以反映在脉搏信息中；这一发现逐渐引起了众多临床医生的关注。在我国，脉诊一直被视为中华医术的精髓；到目前为止进行的临床实践大约已有2600多年。然而由于手指经常使用会存在一些汗腺，指脉诊断存在的误差不容忽视；进而导致测量不准确。这时或许你会说还有耳脉测量呢，不是以前也经常用过吗？虽说通过测量耳朵脉动来得到脉搏信号相对来说比较干净，但由于耳朵脉搏信号微弱，特别是当季节变化时，测量信号容易受到环境温度的影响，导致测量值不准确。随着世界科技与经济的迅

39、速发展和进步，珍爱生命、关注健康已经成为全世界人类的共同追求。据卫生局统计每年因心脑血管疾病猝死的人数位居人类死亡总数的第一位，不仅医疗费用居高不下，还给家庭、政府和社会造成巨大负担。近些年来，由于生活节奏加快、饮食习惯不合理和众多垃圾食品的影响等原因，心脑血管的发病率更是呈现逐年上升的趋势。如何科学且无害的降低心脑血管疾病的发病率及死亡率，有效的减轻心脑血管疾病带来的社会和家庭负担，已经成为全世界人类所面临的一个十分严峻问题。世界上第一台杠杆式脉搏扫描仪是Vierordt于1854年创建的，它是采用杠杆和压力鼓式描记法来记录脉搏波形图的，也是人类第一次通过非侵入性的方式记录人体脉搏的，当时引

40、起了很大轰动。然而国内的发展起点相对来说比较低，20世纪50年代初朱颜才将脉搏仪引用到中医脉诊的客观化研究方面。近些年来无创伤血管功能检测渐渐吸引了医学人士的目光。大约在1980年以来，无创伤血管功能检测被小范围使用，它的原理大致是基于血流动力流变学和弹性腔理论。其特征在于：它由温度模块、血压袖带模块、血氧模块构成的多生理信号采集模块组合，通过对肱动脉进行阻断再开放过程中手指指端温度信号、血氧及脉搏波信号的各参数变化，再根据临床试验采集数据，并通过信号处理和统计分析方法，建立血管功能定量评价公式及血管功能评价。它具有无创、操作简单、结果准确、重复性好及临床应用方便，并自动生成心血管功能的诊断、

41、健康状况的分析及给出相关的医学解释。现在脉冲测试不再局限于传统的手工测试或听诊器测试，仅利用电子仪器就可以测量得出更准确的数据。当今社会，大部分电子测量仪器中已朝向数字化、自动化方向发展。脉冲测量仪不仅性能好，结构简单，而且具有很好的应用和推广价值。在一般情况下，脉冲测量仪器的发展主要是以下趋势，第一：在没有人为的情况下可以自动分析所测得的脉搏值；传统的脉搏仪器需要经过有经验的医生对其脉搏信号先进行初次分析，然后进行综合分析后最终能确认结果，这种方法总的说来不仅浪费大量的人力，而且由人为引入的误差也比较大。第二：数字化技术等先进技术的广泛应用；脉搏测量仪集成度要想做到更高程度，并且更加便于携带

42、必须依靠数字科学技术的迅速发展；与此同时数字信号处理的运用将使干扰变得更小，测量结果更为准确。第三：多功能化会越来越明显。第四：价格便宜、方便携带，而且应用和推广价值较好，给广大民众带来便利。历来在医院进行临床诊断及治疗的依据大都来源于人体脉搏波中提取的生理病理信息。在中国，脉诊是老中医最常用的诊断疾病的方式，一直沿用至今。人体发射出来的脉搏信号包含了心率的波速、波形、周期和波幅等全方面、全方位综合信息，在很大程度上能够体现出人体身体中的各部分信息（例如血液粘度、血液速度等）。尽管这些生物信号存在于人体自身当中，其信号强度相对来说比较微弱；若是在嘈杂的环境中效果更不明显。本次毕业设计的原理是采

43、用单片机微处理器STC89C52作为中心处理器；通过传感器采集脉搏信号，通过单片机芯片在内部的系统定时器来设定时间；最后得到的心率跳动数值通过STC89C52单片机对信号进行累加即可。一般正常人的心跳大约是每分钟60100次左右，电路图上的按键模块就可以通过按键来设置人们的心率范围；超出或低于所设置范围可能心脏方面会存在风险，蜂鸣器驱动模块就会驱动蜂鸣器报警；最终的测量结果会在液晶上显示。本设计能够通过查看红外指示灯是否来回闪动，若稳定持续闪烁，说明检测结果正确且误差较小；假设显示结果来回晃动且数值相差较大，有可能存在误差。通过上述步骤，能够粗略地判断人体自身的健康程度，特别适用于个人或家庭使

44、用，有时还被应用在敬老院、保健医疗中心等。本次设计中选用的单片机是STC89C52，STC89C52是公司生产的一种低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器，具有 8K 在系统可编程Flash存储器。STC89C52使用经典的MCS-51内核，但做了很多的改进使得芯片具有传统不具备的功能。在单芯片上，拥有灵巧的8 位和在系统可编程Flash，使得STC89C52为众多嵌入式控制应用系统提供高灵活、超有效的。 具有以下标准功能： 8k字节Flash，512字节RAM， 32 位I/O 口线，看门狗定时器，内置4KB EEPROM，MAX810复位电路，3个16 位定时器/计数器，4个外部中断，一个7向

45、量4级中断结构（兼容传统51的5向量2级中断结构），全双工串行口。另外 STC89X52 可降至0Hz 静态逻辑操作，支持2种软件可选择节电模式。空闲模式下，CPU 停止工作，允许RAM、定时器/计数器、串口、中断继续工作。掉电保护方式下，RAM内容被保存，振荡器被冻结，单片机一切工作停止，直到下一个中断或硬件复位为止。最高运作频率35MHz，6T/12T可选。STC89C52RC具有以下几个特点： STC89C52RC与MCS-51系列的单片机在指令系统和引脚上完全兼容； 片内有4k字节在线可重复编程快擦写程序存储器； 全静态工作,工作范围:0Hz24MHz； 三级程序存储器加密； 1288位内部RAM； 32位双向输入输出线； 两个十六位定时器/计数器 五个中断源,两级中断优先级； 一个全双工的异步串行口； 间歇和掉电两种工作方式 超强抗干扰: 高抗静电(ESD保护) ,轻松过 2KV/4KV快速脉冲干扰； 宽电压,不怕电源抖动 ； 宽温度范围,-4085 ； 禁止ALE输出;； 超低功耗: 掉电模式:典型功耗0.1 A ； 空闲模式:典型功耗2mA ； 正常工作模式:典型功耗4mA-7mA ； 掉电模式可由外部中断唤醒,适用于电池供电系统,如水表、气表、便携设备等.；专心-专注-专业