高中英语必修四第一单元单词短语和重点语法项目详解：(共8页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上新人教高中课本英语必修4单元单词短语和重点语法项目详解：必修4 Unit 1 Warm up : 1. achieve， v，取得，获得，名词：achievement,achieve ones （goal，dream， success） achieve great success.取得巨大成功。2. .a connection between A and B A 与B之間的关系have a direct close strong collection with sth 与某事有着-样的联系In connection with 关于，有关connect to /with

2、 .和有关联。回忆：必修一中：be concerned about .对关注，关切。 已及 concern oneself with 对.有兴趣。3 behave v， 名词：behavior； example：How is the vehicle behaving？这辆车表现如何？.behave +adv to sb 对某人表现 oneself 守规矩，表现得体。 Well / badly 表现好/差be on ones good / best behavior 举止规矩put sb on his best behavior 规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩。感官动词;4.observe +sb d

3、oing sth 观察某人在做某事。 sb do sth 观察某人做了某事。 sth 观察某事物that 观察到4.show / have respect for sb 尊敬某人lose the respect for sb 失去-的尊敬respect oneself 自尊respect sb for. 因-而尊重某人。respect sb as. 尊称某人为-5.argue with sb about over sth 同某人辩论某事。argue +that -从句 主张，认为- argue for against 为支持、反对-而辩论argue sb into / out of doing

4、 说服某人做、不做某事。6.inspire sb to do sth 鼓励、激励某人做某事。 sb with sth、sth in sb 激起，引起某人7.in support of 支持 in charge of 负责 in favor of 赞同 in (great) need of （急）需要 in place of 代替 in memory of 为了纪念 in honor of 为了纪念8.move off 离开，驶离。set off for sp. 出发去。move away 搬走， move in 搬进新居 move on 继续前行move over 挪动，让位。 move ou

5、t off 搬出去，迁走，撤出move up 挪动，靠拢，升迁。 9.lead/live a life 过着-样的生活。10.crowd in (on sb) /crowd into ones mind 涌上心头，涌入脑海 11.intend to do sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事intended to have done sth 本想做某事而没做。= had intended to do sth 原打算做某事而没做。be intended for- 为-而打算（或设计)的。be intended to do sth 打算做某事（表状态）12.

6、without intention 无意地13.have sth out of consideration 对某事不予考虑，忽视某事 take-into consideration 考虑到，顾及 in consideration of 作为-的报酬、考虑到- on /under no consideration 决不，（在句首，部分倒装） be under consideration 在考虑、审议中 show consideration for sb/sth 体谅、关心-14.deliver sb of a baby 为某人接生。be delievered of （ 生小孩），只用被动形式ro

7、b sb of sth 抢某人某物15.look down on/upon 瞧不起look up to 敬仰look about /around 四处查看、。look after 照料，照看，。look forward to (doing) sth 期待，盼望。look into 调查look up 抬头看 look out for 小心注意看16.refer.to. 把.提交给. 把.归功于.refer to.as. 把.称作.17.by any chance 或许，可能 no chance 不可能take ones chance 碰运气 take a chance on sth 冒险hav

8、e chance to do sth 有机会做某事give sb a chance 给某人一个机会e across 偶然遇见 ； come about 发生 产生 come out 出版，开花 ，传出 come after 追赶 come up 长出地面，发生，上来，出来 come up with 提出，想出 come on 快点19.carry on ( with ) sth/carry on doing sth 继续做某事carry off 赢得 获得carry out 实行，执行，进行，履行20.It occurred to me that.It struck me that. 使我突然

9、想起.It hit me that. 21It is worthwhile to do sth 做某事是值得的It is worthwhile doing sthbe (well) worth doing 是（很）值得做的be worthy of being donebe worthy to be done be worthy of sthbe worthy to be my friend22.condition ，单数是指人，事物等的状态； 复数conditions,一般是指所处的环境条件等。on condition that. 以。为条件 In good,./poor condition.

10、 处于良好/差 状态。 On no condition. that 绝不， 23. only+状语”位于句首，句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装用一般疑问句形式)。如： 1. “only 副词”位于句首。 Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。 2.“only+介词短语位于句首。Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。 Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。 3. “only+状语从句”位

11、于句首。如： Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 一个人只在失去自由后才知道自由可贵。 注意：若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是 only+宾语等，则通常无需倒装。如： Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。语法知识点A：although 与 though的用法区别一、用作连词表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用只;是 although 比 though 更为正式：Though Although it was raining,we went there.虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那

12、儿.Though Although it was barely four oclock,the lights were already on.尽管才四点钟,灯已经亮了.Though Although we are poor,we are still happy.我们虽然穷,仍然很快活.二、用作副词although 一般不用作副词,而 though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是”、“不过”：Its hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干.He is looking fit,though.但他看起来很健康.You can coun

13、t on him,though.不过你可以指靠他.三、用于习语在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although：She closed her eyes as though she were tired.她闭上眼,仿佛很疲劳似的.We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing.我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的.He is an honest man,I must say,even though I have opposed him.尽管我反对过他,我还得说他是一个诚实的人.She

14、was always afraid of men,even though she had lots of boyfriends.尽管她有很多男朋友,她总是害怕男人.四、用于倒装though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但 although 一般不这样用：Poor though I am,I can afford it.我虽穷,但这东西还是买得起的.Child though he was,he did quite well.他虽是孩子,但干得很好.另外注意：1.although较正式,语气强Although he was tired,he we

15、nt on working.2.although引导的从句放在主句前后均可,有时还可放在句中.Although many difficulties are still ahead,we are determined to make greater achievements.尽管在前面的道路上还有许多困难,但是,我们决心要取得更大的成就.He often helps me with my English although he is quite busy.尽管他相当忙,但是还常常帮我学英语.3.although引导的从句不能与but,however连用,但可与yet,still连用.不能说：Al

16、though he was old,but he worked hard.应把but去掉.当然,保留but而去Although也可.注意:although 的几不:although不能指假设的情况although不能作并列连词although不能作副词,放在词尾语法知识点：主谓一致主谓一致，指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致, 意思一致, 就近一致的三原则。(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except

17、, besides,as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作

18、家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,比如： a needle and tread ,bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)，fish and chips,等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for

19、 an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰一起做主语时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。注意：each做复数主语的同位语时候，一

20、般谓语动词用复数。 each have a bike.5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一

21、个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of

22、 , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓

23、语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 意义一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple wa

24、s eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of

25、 the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have o

26、nly very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injure

27、d were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如: Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor,

28、 not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。专心-专注-专业