英语定语从句用法归纳(共10页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语定语从句用法归纳定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住:1.what不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析:Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathersho
2、okhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:A.指人时有时只用who不宜用that。1.先行词为one、ones或anyone(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.(2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2.先行词为these时ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentso
3、fourschool.3.在therebe开头的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.5.在非限制性定语从句中A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析:
4、1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)注:A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用
5、who或that.(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPingsson.C.指
6、物时,下列情况下只能用that,不宜用which。(1)先行词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。Thisisoneo
7、fthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适,只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.(5)如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、li
8、ttle、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只用that。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?D.只物时,下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that。(1)关系代词放在介词之后Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.(2)非限制性定语从句中Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.(3)that,Those作主语时Thosewhichareonthedeska
9、reEnglishbooks.E.先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as,不用that,但thesameas表示同样的,thesamethat表示同一的Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.三.比较When/which、where/which、why.whichIstillneverforget.ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.whichhespentreadingthebooks.whereIfoundthebook
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