语言学复习试题及答案(共11页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语言学 复习试题及参考答案I. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement (20 x1)1. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 2. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system share
2、d by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language3. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _. A. identical B. same C. exactly alike D. similar4. Distinctive features can
3、be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _. A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features5. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” i
4、s a(n) _. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _. A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic7. Phrase structure rules have _ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional8. The syntac
5、tic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite9. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _. A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism C. the naming theory D. behaviourism10. “Alive” and “dead” are _. A. gradable antonyms B. relat
6、ional opposites C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above11. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context12. _ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it i
7、s the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act13. Language change is _. A. universal, continuous and, to a large extent, regular and systematic B. continuous, regular, systematic, but not
8、universal C. universal, continuous, but not regular and systematic D. always regular and systematic, but not universal and continuous14. In Old and Middle English, both /k/ and /n/ in the word “knight” were pronounced, but in modern English, /k/ in the sound /kn-/ clusters was not pronounced. This p
9、henomenon is known as _. A. sound addition B. sound loss C. sound shift D. sound movement15. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _. A. use of words B. use of structures C. accent D. morphemes16. _ means that certain authorities, such as the government choose, a p
10、articular speech variety, standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries. A. Language interference B. Language changes C. Language planning D. Language transfer17. Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure and dynamics of _. A. human brain B. human vocal cords C.
11、human memory D. human18. The most important part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain, called _. A. the neurons B. nerve pathways C. cerebral cortex D. sensory organs19. The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of _ rules rather than the mere memorization of words an
12、d sentences. A. cultural B. grammaticalC. behavior D. pragmatic20. According to the _, the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependent on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community. A. acculturation view B. mentalist view C. behaviourist view D. conceptualist vi
13、ew得分II. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False (10 x1) 21. People can utter a sentence he has never heard or used before. In this sense, human language is creative.22. In English both aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops occur. The voiceless aspirated stops and the voi
14、celess unaspirated stops occur in the same phonemic context or environment.23. Parameters are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among languages.24. Syntactic movement occurs to all se
15、ntences, therefore, the deep structure and surface structure of every sentence look different at its two levels of representation.25. The Anglo-Saxons were migrants from the northern parts of Europe, so the words that they originally used and the words that the English vocabulary has later taken in
16、from other languages are regarded as loan words.26. Paul Grice made a distinction between what he called “constatives” and“performatives”.27. Most of the languages of Europe, Persia (Iran), and the northern part of India belong to the same Indo-European language family. The language, which no longer
17、 exists, is called Proto-Indo-European, a term reflecting the earlier linguistic distribution of the speakers of this language family from India to Europe.28. In Black English, when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns something, somebody, and some become the negative indefinites nothing, no
18、body, and none, as in :He dont know nothing.He dont like nobody.He aint got none.29. The cerebral cortex is the decision-making organ of the body, receiving messages from all the sensory organs and initiating all voluntary actions.30.During the two-word stage of language acquisition, two-word expres
19、sions are absent of syntactic or morphological markers.得分III. Define Six of the following ten terms, illustrate them if necessary (6 x 5).31. allomorph32. bound morpheme33. semantics34. reference 35. synonymy, 36. predication analysis, 37. critical period hypothesis 38. linguistic competence 39. bil
20、ingualism40.psycholinguistics得分IV. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary ( 4x10 ):1. How do you understand that language is arbitrary? 2. How are semantics and pragmatics different from each other?3. Draw a tree diagram for the following statemen
21、ts: 1 ) The people live a peaceful life in the countryside.2) He knows that I will come the day after tomorrow. 4. According to the ways synonyms differ, how many groups can we classify synonyms into? Illustrate them with examples.参考答案及评分标准I. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement (20
22、x1) 每题一分1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10.C11D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15. C 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A II. True or False (10x1) 每题一分21.T 22.F 23.T 24.F 25.F 26.F 27.T 28.T 29.T 30.T III. Define the following terms, illustrate them if necessary (5x6). 每题五分,能够举例不举例说明的扣二分。31. allomorph: Some morphemes a
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