2020专升本核心词汇(共19页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专升本核心词汇Lesson 1 英语词汇的基本构成 音节 make 单音节 ugly 双音节 beautiful 多音节1. 象形 M- 山 mountain - man - male - match- watch -major H - 高 high - happy - hail 欢呼 - height - hill- head - hat W- 水 water - wave - wine- well 井- woman-wife-widow寡妇-weep眼泪-wage - 薪水L- 长 long - lace necklace 项链 - leg - line - lo
2、g 原木,日志整个单词的象形: eye - see - peep 偷窥 旦2. 拟声1模仿大自然的,人的或动物的声音自然界的声音:wheel车轮 /whirl急转,旋转/ click 点击鼠标的声音模仿动物的声音:cock鸡叫,公鸡 hen 母鸡,her 、wolf狼 mammal 哺乳动物 mum 妈妈模仿人类的声音:thrill毛骨悚然,兴奋/chill N寒冷 adj chilly /giggle 咯咯的笑 /gay高兴的- 同性恋 / sip 吸/ soup 汤/ supper 晚饭 dinner 正餐2 外来语的音译: sofa 沙发/ coffee 咖啡/ cheese芝士、起司/
3、 chocolate巧克力/ salad 沙拉/ calorie 卡路里 / 太极 Taiji shadow boxing /豆腐toufu3 谐音联想 exhaust “一个早死的” - 筋疲力尽 curse “克死”- 诅咒 reluctant = unwilling “驴拉个坦克”- 不情愿的3. 合成1. 直接合成 : sea-dog; hard - working; warm-hearted; outgoing外向的; easygoing 随和的; highlight 高光 - 强调,重点; smog = smoke + fog 烟雾 ; brunch = breakfast + l
4、unch早午餐; ice- cream 冰激凌2. 词根词缀:英语的前缀和词根相当于汉字的偏旁部首 从 - 休 人 淼 - 沐 水 Prometheus 普罗米修斯 先知 - pro-/pre-/pri- 在前面 Promote(move) 晋升,促销/ preface 前言 forehead 额头/ primary 首要的3. 词性转换 后缀加后缀转换词形: act - actor- actress - action - active 爱动的,活跃的 - activate 激活 - activity 活动 - actual 事实上的- actually Wait - waiter - wai
5、tress Lesson 2英语中重要的后缀:1. 副词后缀 -ly:slight - slightly; happy- happily;careful - carefully;immediate - immediately make +ing =making 以-ly 结尾的单词绝大多数是副词,只有friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, deadly 致命的, likely,可能的 silly, early, daily, 等少数几个是形容词。2. 形容词后缀:通常是在名词词尾加上这些后缀-y: luck - lucky; health - healthy; ke
6、ep sb healthy wealth - wealthy; - ful - full : color - colorful; wonder n奇迹 v 想知道- wonderful; fruit - fruitful; pain - painful -ous: fame n 名声 - famous; danger - dangerous; anxiety - anxious; vary v变化 - various 多样的 - variety n 多样性 -al: nature - natural ; nation - national; history - historical ; eco
7、nomy - economic al 经济实惠的-ive: act - active; sense - sensitive 敏感的; -able : accept - acceptable; rely - reliable sensible区分: respectable 值得尊重的 - respectful 对。充满敬意的 -less: 唯一一个否定后缀 hope - hopeless; price - priceless 无价的 value +able = valuable valueless 3. 名词后缀:-er/-or : 动作的发出者(不一定是人) cook - cooker厨具;
8、employ - employer 雇主 ; sail - sailor -ee : 动作的承受者: examine - examinee 考生; examiner 考官; employee 雇员-ist : 专家 artist 艺术家; chemist 化学家; typist 打字员;capitalist 资本家-ion/-ation/-ment/-ness/-ure/ -ance/-ence/-ancy/-ency (抽象名词后缀):impress - impression; agree - agreement ; state - statement busy - business; fa
9、il - failure; press - pressure ; ill -illness; -ity/ -dom /-ship spaceship 宇宙飞船 (抽象名词后缀):real- reality; free - freedom; wise - wisdom; pure- purity, friend - friendship ; hard - hardship; -ant/-ent : adj 或.人: attendant 服务员,侍者; accountant 会计, important - importance, patient n 病人Adj 耐心的 - patience 4.
10、动词后缀:-en : en无论加在前面还是后面,都是把原来的单词变成相应的东西 short- shorten; long - length - lengthen; broad - broaden, light - lighten , large - enlarge 扩大-ify : class - classify 分类; clear - clarify - clarity; beautiful - beautify v 美化 Lesson 3 词根 动作,前缀 方向和强度 后缀 词性英语中重要的前缀:1.un-(not): un + adj “不.的”believe- unbelievabl
11、e 难以置信的; able - unable不能够的; un + 动词 = 反义词 fold 折叠 - unfold展开2.dis-(not):agree - disagree不同意; advantage 优点 - disadvantage 缺点 dis approve ing 不支持的 Dislike 不喜欢 VS unlike 不像; disable 使。残疾 VS unable adj3.im/ir/il/ixx (not): impossible不可能的;illegal非法的;irregular不规律的;4.non- : nonsense 胡扯八道 ;nonstop 不停的在阅读理解当
12、中 非常重要5.re- (back 往回): return 回来; react 反应;reflect反映response 回应(again 再次):repeat 重复;recycle 回收;rebuild 重建;restore 恢复,还原rewrite 重写6.co-/con-/com- (共同,一起): cooperate 合作;co-worker 工友,同事;7.sub-(下面,次级):subway地铁;= underground subtitle 副标题subordinate 次级的8.super-(上面,超级):superhero superficial表面的- 肤浅的;superio
13、r 高级的,be superior to 优于9.ex-(out):exit n. 出口;except除了VS expect 期望;exclude (close)排除 include 包含 conclude 总结Cat mouse - mouth10.pre- (静态的 在前面): preface 前言; preview 预习;- review 复习predict 预言;foresee 预见 precious 珍贵的 11.Pro- 动态的 向前: promote 提拔,促销;progress 进步; process v 列队前进 n 过程12.Pri- 主要的:primary 主要的,初级的
14、; prior 优先的,在前的;be prior to先于. prime 最好/高级的13.Anti-(相反): arctic 北极Antarctic南极;antivirus 反病毒;antivirus software 杀毒软件 antibody 抗体; ,第二部分 阅读理解中的高频词汇Lesson 4 (细节题题干)according to 根据 except 除了 expect 期望passage 文章paragraph 段落sentence 句子line 行,线条author 作者mention 提到,提及following 以下的,接下来的statement 陈述,表达underli
15、ne 下划线true = correct = right 正确的reason = factor = cause 原因,理由翻译:1. which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 2. which of the following is the authors suggestion? 3. the last sentence of the first paragraph implies_. 4. which of the following statements is true except_.5. As
16、 is mentioned in the passage, the guide dogs will do the following except for _6. according to the last paragraph, the solution to the problem of post-80s couples is that_Lesson 5 (推理题题干)discuss v 讨论; discussion n 讨论mean v 意思是; meaning n 意思proper 合适的replace 替代tip = advice = suggestion 建议infer = impl
17、y 暗示 suggest 建议,暗示;conclude 总结,推论 - 推理题标志词learn 学习,了解lesson 课程,教训翻译:1. It can be inferred from the passage that _2. The passage implies/suggests that _3. It can be concluded from that last paragraph that _4. Which of the following might be discussed after the passage?5. The sentence “.” in paragraph
18、 x can be best replaced by _6. In this passage, the expression “ walk in the shoes of” is similar in meaning to _. Lesson 6 (标题题题干)major 主要的; 大部分的;n 专业; v 主修major point 要点majority 大多数; minority 少数; 少数民族title 标题 focus 聚焦,中心 = center purpose 目的 describe 描述topic 话题example 例子show 展示fact 事实; in fact = as
19、 a matter of fact 事实上(写作文的万能句)main 主要的; main idea 大意; mainly 主要地view = opinion 观点,看法翻译:1. The main idea/ major point discussed in the second paragraph is _2. The best title for the passage would be _3. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _4. What does the passage focus on?Lesson 7 (态度题)态度题
20、题干: attitude/ tone / feeling 态度题选项:1. 客观类:objective 客观的; impartial 不偏袒的,公正的(这几个词出现往往是正确选项)2. 主观类:subjective 主观的,想当然的;indifferent 漠不关心的; partial ; puzzling 令人困惑的; uninterested 不感兴趣的 (这些通常为干扰项,可直接排除)3. 积极类:positive 积极的,正面的; encouraging = inspiring 鼓舞人心的; optimistic 乐观的;enthusiastic 热情的;pleasing 令人愉快的4
21、. 消极类: negative 负面的; pessimistic 悲观的 5. 支持类:support 支持 = favor = in favor of = approve; defensive 自卫的,防御用的 Supportive = favorable = approving adj 支持的6. 反对类:disapprove v 反对; disapproving adj 反对的; critic 批评; disgusting 令人恶心的;doubtful = suspicious 怀疑的; oppose = object 反对; protest 抗议7. 中立类: neutral 中立的;
22、(注意区分迷惑选项 natural 自然的)Ex: The authors attitude towards gift giving is _ (2014.70) 【不用看文章,直接选C】A. Indifferent B. protesting C. objective D. supportive Lesson 8 (社会生活类)advertise v 做广告; advertisement (缩写成ad或ads) n 广告;boarder 寄宿生 suicide 自杀; crime 犯罪; psychology 心理学;depression 抑郁;unemployment 失业Disaster
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