词性转换规律(共4页).doc

《词性转换规律(共4页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《词性转换规律(共4页).doc（4页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一形容词变副词规律小结 规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycareless-carelesslyquiet-quietlydifferent-differently以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible-possiblyprobable-probablyterrible-terriblycomfortable-comfortablygentle-gentlysimple-simply以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy-easilyangry-angrilynoisy-noisilyhappy-happilyheavy-heavilyhealthy-h

2、ealthily不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fast-fastearly-early high-highhard-hard late-latefar-far wide-widealone-alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good-well唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true-truly虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词friendly livelylovely lonelylikely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样使用时需注意wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)wide(副词，睁大地)widely(副词，广泛地)lat

3、e(形容词，晚的)late(副词，晚地)lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)high(副词，高地)highly(副词，高度地)特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系二名词复数的变化规律1、规则变化1) 一般情况直接在词尾加-s . 如：chairchairs；appleapples；grapegrapes； 2）以s、sh、ch、x等结尾的词加es .如：busbuses；watchwatches；boxboxes；brushbrushes3）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i 再加es，babybabies；cityciti

4、es；familyfamilies4）以f或fe结尾的将f或fe直接换成ves. 如：knifeknives；thiefthieves；shelfshelves2、不规则变化1）没有规律的变化。如：childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；womanwomen等。2）单复同形。如：deerdeer；sheepsheep；fishfish；yuanyuan；tofutofu；porkpork等。3）以o结尾的名词有的加es有的加s. 如：potatopotatoes；tomatotomatoes；Heroheroes二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则1）

5、直接在动词后+s. 如：likelikes；playplays；readreads；getgets；helphelps；skiskis等。2）以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词：+es. 如：washwashes；wacthwatches；teachteaches；brushbrushes等。3）以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es. 如：gogoes；dodoes等。4）以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es. 如：flyflies；study studies；carrycarries；skyskies等。 末尾字母y前为元音字母的，直接在动词后面加-s. 如：playplays；saysays

6、5）特殊变化。如：beis；havehas等。这些没有规律，需要加强记忆。三、动词现在分词-ing形式的构成1）一般情况在动词原形后加-ing . 如：gogoing；standstanding；climbclimbing等。2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing. 如：writewriting；hopehoping；carecaring3）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing. 如：diedying，tietying等。4）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复. 如：runrunning； stopstopping；hophopping；pla

7、nplanning；starstarring； 但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）。如：taxtaxing，relaxrelaxing等。5）以-ee，-oe，-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e. 如：seeseeing；hoehoeing；eyeeyeing6）-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing. 如： panicpanicking； picnicpicnicking三动词变名词小结1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder

8、, thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorer , dance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, travel _ travelerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在词尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming， skat

9、e _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration, pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation, frustrate -

10、 frustration, pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ organization, donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impres

11、sion, inject _ injection, instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment, practice _ practice， die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight, sit _ seat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance, fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，fail _ failure, appear _ ap

12、pearance, breathe-breath四动词变形容词小结1.词尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful, thank thankful, peace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful, succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited, surprise - surprised, organize - organiz

13、ed, close - closed, wound - wounded, relax - relaxed, develop - developed, appreciate - appreciated, frustrate - frustrated, interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used, frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled, pollute - polluted3.词尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - su

14、rprising, excite exciting, develop - developing,frighten - frightening, thrill thrilling, frustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live living, rock - rocking, sleep sleeping4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married, fry - fried, terrify terrified, satisfy - satisfied5.词尾加able:know - knowledge

15、able, enjoy - enjoyable, suit suitable, adjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它：lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living, sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep, wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - educational, world - worldwide 五、人称代

16、词的变化形式主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己复数we我们us我们our我们的ours我们的ourselves我们自己第二人称单数you你you你your你的yours你的yourself你自己复数you你们you你们your你们的yours你们的yourselves你们自己第三人称单数he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves专心-专注-专业