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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上五年级上册英语语法知识汇总(一)一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5不规则名词复数: man-men, woma
2、n-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanes二、(一)一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要
3、在动词后加-s或-es。 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 (二)一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如: I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用do
4、esnt构成否定句。如: He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。 如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-
5、cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词in
6、g? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping练习:1、写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _ diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_strawbe
7、rry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich_ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 2、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ pass_ 3、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.) He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. )Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One
8、. 3. )We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. )Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 4、写出下列动词的现在分词: play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1. The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some gi
9、rls _ (sing) in the classroom. 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .人称代词和物主代词 要点归纳: 一主格 ( I you he she it we you they )1. 在句子中可以作主语,放于句首,后接动词。 (1) _ am a student. (2) _ comes from China , but _ comes from American. (3) _ is
10、 my aunt.二宾格 ( me you him her it us you them ) 1. 在句子中可以作宾语,用于句尾,动词之后。 (1) The boy in the photo is _. (2) Let _ to play football. (3) We often go to visit _. 2. 在句子中可以作宾语,用于句尾,介词之后。 (1) The pen of _ is the same with _. (2) Come with _. (3) The teacher wants you to return that book of _. 3. 人称代词作表语时,
11、一般用宾格,特别是在日常会话中。 “Who is knocking at the door? ” “Its _. ” -“谁在敲门?” -“是我。”三形容词性物主代词 ( my your his her it our your their ) 1. 形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前,用作定语,限定该名词的意义。 (1) _ book is over there. (2) I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday. (3) Tell Tom not to forget _ book. 四名词性物主代词 ( mine yours his hers its ours yourr
12、s theirs) 1. 名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,即不后接名词,其句法作用相当于一个 名词,即“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 (1) My bag is bigger than _. =My bag is bigger than _ _. (2) _ is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。(用 作主语,一般用于正式文体) (3) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use _? 我忘了 带词典,我可以用一下你的吗?(用作动词的宾语) (4) He wasnt in my room. He might be in _
13、. 他(刚才)不在 我的房间。他可能在自己的房间。(用作介词的宾语) (5) Whose book is this? Its _. 这是谁的书?是她的。(6) Jack is a friend of _. 杰克是我的一个朋友。(用于双重所有格) 2.名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。 (1)Is this pencil _ or _? Its _. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) -这支铅笔是你的还是她的?是我的。她的铅笔在她包里。 3用于of后面。 He visited a friend of _ yesterday.一
14、般现在时练习: 一般现在时:表示经常性的事情。 时间状语ofte经常,usuall通常, always总是, every每个, sometimes有时, at在几点钟 只有第三人称单数用动词三单,其余动词均用原形 1. We often_(play) in the playgound. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock. 3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What _ (do) he usually (do) after school? 5. _Danny_ (study) English,Chinese,Ma
15、ths,Science and Art in school. 6. _Mike sometimes_ (go) to the park with his sister?7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents. 8. _ Mike_(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons_ your classmate_ (have) on Monday? 10. What time_ his mother_(do) the housework? 现在进行时练习: 现在进行时:表示现在进行的动
16、作句子结构:be+动词ing 时间状语:now, look, listen,Its o clck,1. What are you _ (do) now? I _ (eat) bread. 2. Its nine oclock. My father_ (work) in the office. 3.Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin. 4._he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play). 5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass. 6.Listen, who
17、_(sing)in the music room? Oh,Mary_(sing) there.many+可数名词复数,much+不可数名词 some、any后面既可以加可数名词复数,也可以加不可数名词 some用于肯定句和表示请求及建议的一般疑问句(Would you like/ Can(May/Could) I .?) 例如:(1)Id like some apples. (2) There is some water in the glass. (3) Would you like some tea? May I have some noodles? any用于否定句和疑问句 例如:(1)
18、I dont have any notebooks. (2)I dont have any soup for lunch. (3)Do you have any sisters? Is there any Coke?7、情态动词:can,could,may,would,should,have to,has to,后面必须加动词原形。 例如: I can swim. I have to eat vegetables. 祈使句用动词原形。表示请求、命令等句子叫祈使句。它的主语是听话人(you),一般不需要说出来。通常以动词原形开头。 如:Lets go to school. Open the do
19、or,please.8、冠词 a 、an、the 不定冠词(a、an),表示泛指,a+辅音,如 a young man, a university student an+元音,如 an e-mail, an active girl,an interesting book 定冠词(the),表示特指、世界上独一无二的东西,如the sun,the Great Wall(注:there be不与the连接)9、时间介词 in,on,at in+一段时间:年份;季节;月份;上午、下午、晚上 on+具体时间:X月X日;星期几;节假日 at+时间点:at noon,at night,几点钟(at 7 o
20、clock;at 7:30) 10、 play+体育项目,如play football,play chess,play sports,play basketball play + the + 乐器,如play the piano,play the pipa,play the violin11、 问人的外貌、个性特征以及物体的外观句式: What + be动词+主语+like? 12、 问星期几 What day is it today/tomorrow? 13、 问你午餐吃了什么?(已吃) What do you have for lunch? 问你午餐想吃什么?(未吃) What would
21、 you like for lunch? 问午餐有什么吃? (未吃) Whats for lunch? 14、 Its time for + 名词,如 Its time for music class. Its time to + 动词,如 Its time to go to school.15 like + 可数名词复数/不可数名词,如 I like Mondays. / I like beef. like + 动词的现在分词(动词的ing形式),如 I like reading. like + to + 动词原形,如 I like to read a book.做题目时一定要记住: 1. can+动词原形2. like+动词ing 3. like+名词复数 4. play+足球类 play the +乐器类 5. how many +名词复数 6. would like +to+动词原形 7. lets+动词原形 8. 现在进行时:be(am,is,are)+动词ing 9. 动词第三人称单数形式专心-专注-专业
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