江西省专升本英语辅导讲义(共34页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1.The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse than before.2.Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of ”ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys,

2、 that lays the ground work for child abuse.The agency, _to set and enforce health standard for American workers, has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.A .whose job it is B. whose job is C. whose D. whose is3.It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the sur

3、rounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.4. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of th

4、e decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.我喜欢 音乐。I like music.我喜欢 音乐 以前。I likedmusicbefore.I have some food to eat.I h

5、ave some eating food.第一章 句子结构主 谓 宾 定 状 补 表 同位I like music.I gave you a bike.I have a red pen.He studies hard.程度状语He studies english in the afternoon.时间状语He sings in the classroomHe is late because he is ill.He goes to school by bus.Ifyou come herehe will come too.备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时He came he

6、re to look after me.He got up so early that he caught the bus.He got up so early that he could catch the bus.He came here with a smile.The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.Although he is a little boy, he knows a lot. （让步状语）补语I call you Tom .I find english easy.sb. sb adj.You are c

7、alled Tom.I am a student.I am excited.同位语You two are foolish.I beat you two.第二章主从复合句主语从句What your name isis not known.That he came here made us happy.宾语从句I do not know what your name is.I find (that) English is easy.52. The meeting was put off until next week, which was exactly _ we wanted.(06)A) it

8、 B) which C) that D) what同位主语从句The news that he will come here makes us happy.The result whether the team has won the game is not known.同位主语从句76. We have to face the fact _ new computer viruses may appear at any time and it can spread across computers in a very rapid speed.（09）A) that B) it C) which

9、 D) what43.All _ the people want are lasting peace and social progress.(05)A)what B)such C)those D)which50. The United Nations expressed the hope _ the two sides should soon stop fighting in the area.(05)A)whichB)that C)what D)when表语从句Money is what I want.表语从句49. What the doctor advises me to do is

10、_ I must keep talking a well-balanced diet and regular exercises.（09）A) that B) whether C) which D) what名词性从句的特例whether 和 if(是否）的区别The question is whether the film is worth seeing The news whether our team has won the watch is unknown.Whether we will attend the meeting is unknown.It is unknown wheth

11、er we will attend the meeting.He does not know whether to stay or not.He does not know whether (if) he should stay or not.如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用He did not know whether or not she has been ready.I wonder if /whether the news is true.如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用He was not sure if/whether it is right or wrong.参见第四种I

12、 do not care if it does not rain.状语从句Ifyou come herehe will come too.备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时He is late because he is ill.He got up so early that he caught the bus.He got up so early that he could catch the bus.The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.伴随状语从句I came here when you went

13、 out.时间状语从句I will go where our country most needs me.地点状语从句I did the thing as you said.方式状语从句44. He didnt realize he had left the files in his customers office _ he went back to the company.（09）A) if B) until C) unless D) since67. He will go abroad to further his study next year _ he gets a scholars

14、hip or enough money. （09）A) if B) so C) till D) although73. _ she joined the company only a year ago, shes already been promoted twice.（09）A) Because B) If C) Although D) When42. John frequently attempts to escape being fined whenever he _ traffic regulations.（08）A) breaksB) is breaking C) will brea

15、k D) broke72._we entered the hall, an attendant came up and offered us a list.（08）A) As long asB) As far as C) As well as D) As soon as78._John is in rather poor health, he can hardly resist catching colds.（08）A) AlthoughB) Since C) After D) opposed51. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came.（07

16、）A) was having B) had been having C) had D) am having62. _ we were given the right address, we found her house easily.(0607)A) Since B) Although C) If D) So 54. Most of the graduating students have decided to go _ they are most needed.(06)A) whereB) which C) what D) how补语从句I put the book where it wa

17、s.状语从句，也可理解为补语从句A big room定语从句先行词关系词包括关系代词，关系副词关系代词：which thatwho whose whom as关系副词：where when why限制性定语从句This is the house (which)luxun lived in.=This is the house (that)luxun lived in.=This is the house in which luxun once lived.This is the housewhere luxun once lived.瞻前顾后I saved the boy whose moth

18、er is my teacher.He is the man who saved the boy yesterday.He is the boy (whom) the man saved yesterday.I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.=I will never forget the day on which I joined the Army.This is the housewhere luxun once lived.I do not know the reason why he is late.45. I don

19、t know _ will make the final decision for our summer trip.（09）A) what B) which C) whom D) who52. In his speech he advice to_ was interested in the field of computer science.（09）A).that B).whoever C) whom D) whose79. Each ARS scientist _ proposal was accepted will receive $80000 for two years of high

20、-priority research.（09） A) who B) whose C) which D) what48. As to the election, please give your vote to _ you think you can trust.（08）A) who B) whom C) one D) whoever asHe is as(so) great a painter as ever lived.(asas,soas)I bought such a watch as is shown on TV.61. We hope that such a book _ is he

21、lpful to our research work is on sale.(05)A)that B)as C)which D)tillI bought the same watch as （that）is shown on TVHe is a good student, which (as) we all know.例如：As we all know , he is a good student.非限制性定语从句I will go to Beijing , where there is a meeting.That 不能用于非限制定语从句He is a good student, which

22、 (as) we all know只有非限制性定语从句关系代词whichas才可以代替前面一句话59. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.（09）A) As B) That C) Which D) What 61. The mountains also prove to be a tourist attraction as some of the mountains experience alpine (高山的) conditions, _ leads to ski r

23、esorts.（09）A) who B) which C) it D) that69. He was looking forward to the time _ he would have to attend the interview.(06)A) whereB) that C) why D) when 定语从句的特例特例：一如果先行词是all, sth, nothing, anything等不定代词时或者先行词被only，最高级，序数词所修饰时，只能用that,不能用which例如：He told us all that he knew.He told us sth that he kne

24、w.He bought the first watch that was produced by the factory.He bought the most expensive watch that was produced by the factory.二如果先行词又有人又有物只能用that例如：She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons that none of us has ever heard of.三that 在下面情况下做了关系副词例如：I do not like the way that yo

25、u speak to her.在这里that 可以换成in which 或者不填四、but 在定语从句中的用法（只能用于限制性定语从句，且必须同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物，but在意义上等于“thatnot”，“whonot ”，“whichnot”）There was not a single student in my class but(who did not) learnt a lot from him.我班上每一个学生都从他那里学到很多东西。五、what 不能引导定语从句He told me all what he knew .（错误)He told me

26、what he knew.或者He told me all that he knew.宾语从句但注意what在如下情况下也可充当关系代词：1、用于“what is (was)+形容词比较级”结构中，what是关系代词，泛指上文或下文，意为“更.,尤其. ”。这种结构通常用作插入语。如：He attended the contest and what is more surprising, won a gold medal.2、what money=all the money thatThe father gave what money he had to his son.六、We often

27、advise him not to drink more wine _ is good for his health.A. asB. than C. thatD. ButHe smoke more cigarettes than were normally available七、there be 引导的限制性定语从句She knows the difference there is between good and evil.第三章 时态和语态一.时态现在时 (1)一般现在时He likes music.(2)现在进行时He is doing the housework.(3)现在完成时He

28、has finished the work.(4)现在完成进行时He has been studying English for six years.注意：The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.The house has been in bad repair since he moved out .The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.I havent eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana Un

29、iversity.I havent eaten snails since I left Indiana University.I havent eaten snails since I have been a student at Indiana.过去时(1)一般过去时He watched TV last night(2)过去进行时He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.(3)过去完成时He had worked for six years before Marry joined the Army.(4)过去完成进行时He had be

30、en working for the factory before Marry joined the Army.将来时(1)一般将来时I will study English next week.I shall study English next week.I am going to study English next week.I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.区别:will 和 be going to, be about to, be to 的区别如:If the metal is

31、 heated, it will expand.I am going to study English next week. I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.区别:be going to , be about to ,和be to 的区别如:Look , so many black clouds , it is going to rain.当有预先征兆的时候我们应该用be going to.(2)将来进行时I will be studying English at six oclock

32、tomorrow.如果是将来的一个具体时间我们可以用将来进行时.(3)过去将来时He said,I will study English next week.He said that he would study English the next week.(4)将来完成时We will have finished the work by next year.43. By the end of last month, we _ on this project for more than 6 weeks.（09）A) have worked B) had worked C) are workin

33、g D) will work68. By the time you get there this afternoon, the film _.(0607)A) is to start B) is starting C) will start D) will have started44. We plan to finish the work on the 15th of next month. By then, we _ for ten weeks.(05)A)are working B)have been worked C)were working D)will have worked60.

34、 By the end of this year, it _ 16 years since the emergence of the World Wide Web as an electronicpublishing vehicle.(05)A)has beenB)will have been C)will be D)had been特例:He is always speaking to his mother like this.当表示一种埋怨和责备语气的时候用现在进行代替一般现在时.二.语态主动语态I wrote a letter yesterday. I will write the bo

35、ok.被动语态The letter was written by me yesterday.The book will be written by me.56. The professor was so popular that he _ with enthusiasm.(07)A) always listened to B) always was listenedC) was always listened D) was always listened to特例: I made him cryHe was made to cry by me. I heard him sing the son

36、g yesterday.He was heard to sing the song by me yesterday.第四章 非谓语动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 动名词 动词不定式do did done doing doing to do非谓语动词包括: 动词不定式, 动名词, 分词动词不定式作主语和表语:To see is to believe.作宾语:I like to do homework this morning.作同位主语:Our plan, to go to the park is put off.作同位宾语:We put off our plan to go to the

37、 park.作状语:I came here to look after my father.作补语:I let you do this work.I asked you to help me.作定语:There is something to do.从上面这些例句我们可以看出谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:I am sorry to have troubled you so long.60. The girl was reported _ missing for a month.(07)A) to be B) to have C) having D) to have been 66. Robert

38、 is said _ in a Japanese company as a salesman for many years.(06)A) have been workingB) to work C) be working D) to have worked 谓语动词非谓语动词时态参见第三章一般式:to do完成式:to have done语态参见第三章一般式:to be done完成式:to have been done否定式先加助动词再加not直接在前面加not : not to do现在分词过去分词时态进行完成语态主动被动动名词：作主语和表语:Seeing is believing.作宾语

39、:I like swimming.作同位语:Our plan, going to the park is put off.作定语:a reading room a swimming pool注意:动名词不能作状语和补语分词作表语:The thing is exciting.I am excited.作补语I had the desk repaired. I heard him sing the song yesterday.I heard him singing the song at this time yesterdayI heard him beaten yesterday.作定语:a

40、flying bird. a developing country. an exploiting class.a developed country.anexploited class.作状语(1)The students stood up as soon as they saw the teacher come in.Seeing the teacher come in , the students stood up.(2)The metal will expand as soon as it is heated.Heated, the metal will expand. (3)After

41、 he failed for three times, he didnt try again.Having failed for three times , he didnt try again.(4)After he was kept out of the door for an hour, he was let in.Having been kept out of the door for an hour, he was let in.I have finished these tasks.These tasks have been finished.51. _ on time according to the instruction, these pills will be quite effectiv