2022年初中介词专项练习讲课教案.pdf

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1、此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流中考专题一之介词一、考纲解读熟悉掌握常用介词的基本用法（表示时间、地点、方式等），以及一些常见的固定搭配。由于每个介词都可以表达不同的含义，且无规律可循， 因此在备考时考生应该注意收集介词和各类词搭配构成的短语。二、考点一时间介词分类基本用法例子时间介词at 多用于表示具体的时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中，表示的时间大多比较短暂。还有at+年龄 =at the age of at seven 在七点； at a quarter to one 在 12 点 45分 at noon 在正午； at night 在晚上，深夜，入睡时刻 at mi

2、dnight 在午夜in 用于月、四季，年，年代，世纪或泛指一天的上午、下午、 晚上等。 其后还可以加时间段，用于表示“从现在起， 多长时间以后或多久以后”，此时常用于一般将来时。in the _ century 在 21 世纪in 1990; in August; in the evening 在晚上in autumn 在秋天； in the morning 在早上；in the 1990s 在 20 世纪九十年代They will finish the work in an hour. on 主要用于日期、星期、节日等具体的某一天前；具体某一天的早上、中午、晚上前；morning, aft

3、ernoon, evening, night 等前有修饰词时也用on。on Mid-Autumn Day; on June 1st; on Monday; on September 3rd, 1990; On a cold winter morning in 1996. since 指从某时一直延续至今，后接表示过去的时间点；主句用现在完成时He has studied English since 2000. from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态From now on, I will learn English in the mornings. for 指动作延续贯穿整

4、个过程，后接时间段。I have studied English for 6 years. after: (1)后加时间段，表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；（2）与时间点连用可用于一般现在/过去 /将来时They finished the work after two years. 他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。I will ring you up after two o clock. 两点之后，我将会打电话给你。until 用于否定句中，意为“直到 才”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词； 用在肯定句中， 意为 “直到 为止”，其前的谓语动词需要延续性动词。I didn t go

5、to bed until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home. 我等我妈妈直到她回家为止。by +时间点，表示“到 为止”，如果by 后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时；如果by 后面跟一个过去的时间点用过去完成时We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term.到上个学期末为止， 我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。“during+ 时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作He lives with us during these ye

6、ars. before 表示时间。单独用时（adv）常用于完成时态；后接从句时 （连词） 从句常用一般现在时表将来（主将从现） ；后面从句如果是一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；后接时间点（介词），意为“在 之前”I have never been to Beijing before! I will finish my homework before the TV play begins. The train had left before I arrived the station. Please bring your homework before ten o clock. 1、 at th

7、e end of- ，“在 - 的底 /末”，“在 - 的尽头”，（后可加时间或地点）。常用一般将来时或一般过去时。句中的动词一般无延续性。in the end，“最后”“终于”=at last =finally （只用来表示时间）by the end of- “到 - 底/末”，（只用来表示时间），常用于过去完成时或一般将来时。句中的动词一般有延续性。2、 in+时间段“- 以后”，用于一般将来时；。after+时间段“- 以后”，常用于一般过去时另外， in 后不能加时间点。after 后能加时间点，常用于一般将来时，也可用于其他时态。3、in the past, “在过去”，与过去时连用

8、；in the past/last+时间段，“在过去的中”，常与现在完成时连用，（表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内）。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school. 在过去的几年里， 我们学校发生了巨大的变化。3、in time 及时 on time按时精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删

9、除只供学习与交流三、考点二地点介词分类基本用法例子地点介词at 多用于较小的地点前（时间at 用于较短时间；arrive at 加小地点）at the bus stop; at home arrive at the airport 到达机场in 用在较大的地方前，arrive in 加大地点arrive in China; in the world 在世界上on 表示“在 上面”，强调表示接触Look at the book on the desk. over（反义词 under）表示“在 正上方”，表示垂直在上（不接触）There is a bridge over the river. 河上

10、面有一座桥。above（反义词 below） 表示“在 上面”，泛指上方（不接触）Raise your arms above your head.把你的胳膊举到头上。in front of 表示“在 前面”（范围外）There are some trees in front of the classroom. （大树在教室外面）in the front of 表示“在 的前部”（范围内）Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.（教室里面的前面）before 所表示的位置关系和in front of 通用，表示“在 前面”He

11、 sits in front of/before me. behind“在 后面”，是in front of 的反义词Don t hide behind the tree. at the back of 表示“在 后部”， 是 in the front of 的反义短语There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom. 我们教室后部有块黑板。by 表示“在 旁边”，与beside 同义We live by the river. 我们住在河边。beside“在 旁边”，强调靠近；besides 连词，“除了 -，还有 -”“而且”Who s t

12、hat girl beside the boy? 在男孩旁边的那个女孩是谁？near“在 附近”，距离比by 和 next to 远Is there a hospital near here? next to “紧邻，在 旁边”，相当于close to The boy next to her is my classmate. between “在 之间”，强调两者之间或众多事物的“两两之间”You must choose one between her and me. among“在 之间”，表示“三者或三者以上之间”He is the tallest among all the childr

13、en. around“在 周围”，强调环境Let s show you around the city. 让我们带你在城里转转。into 表示有特定的运动方向，常用动词连用， 意为“进入”The hare ran into the forest. 野兔跑进了森林。The students are going into the school bus in order/one by one. out of“从 里面出来”，与into 意思相反The hare came out of its cave. 野兔从它的洞里出来了。The students are coming out of the sc

14、hool bus one by one. through 表示从空间“穿过”The little dog can go through the hole in the door. 那只小狗能从门洞里钻出来。across表示从平面“穿过”river, Go across the bridge and then turn left. 过桥然后左转。to (toward, towards) 表示方向，意为“到某地”或“朝，向”My father will go to Beijing next week. The windows open towards the south. 这个窗户向南开。alon

15、g 表示 “顺着，沿着”Go along this street. （一） across, through, over, past 的区别易混词用法例句across 表示“穿过，越过”， 含有“从 .表面穿过” 之意，或指从一边到另一边而进行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across He can swim across the river. 他可以游过这条河。through 都表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从 .内部”穿过之意She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 她必须拨开人群到达她儿子身边。over 多指

16、在空间范围上“越过”The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.飞机从东南部的群山上飞过。past 指“经过”指从旁边经过。They walked past a tall tree. 他们路过一颗高高的树。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流（二）表示方位的介词in,on,to 的区别易混词用法例句in 表示

17、在某一范围之内（内含）Guangzhou is in the south of China on 表示与某地是毗邻关系（相切）Vietnam(越南 ) is on the south of China to 表示在某一范围之外（外离）Japan lies to the east of China 四、考点三方式介词（一） in, with 和 by 表示“用”时的区别易混词用法例句in 主要表示用语言、声音、原材料等。还可以用于一些词组中，如：in silence, in surprise, in a loud voice 等Can you sing this song in English?

18、 You can write in black ink. 你可以用黑色墨水写。with with 表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具体的手段或工具 （具体有形的东西）I write my homework with a pen. by by 表示一种方式或方法，后面的名词不加冠词，也无复数形式。还可以表示用 .手段或方式，后常接动名词They go to school by bike. The girl made money by selling flowers. （二） with 和 without 的区别易混词用法例句with 有“和 -； 附带，带有”之意。有时候还可以表示“伴随”， 如：

19、I like sleeping with the light on with the help of 在.的帮助下play with 和谁一起玩a desk with three legs without 有“没有”之意without help 没有帮助without breakfast 没吃早餐（三） by, in 和 on 表示旅行方式的区别by+交通工具的单数=on/in+ 修饰词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词等）+交通工具五、考点四常用介词的用法及辨析：（一） in 和 on 的区别易混词用法例句on the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”There are some apple

20、s on the trees. 树上有些苹果。in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”There are some monkeys in the tree.树上有些猴子。on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有个洞。（二） after 与 behind 区别两个词都有“在后”之意，behind 只表示位置方面的“在之后”，不能表示时间，而after 则表示时间方面的“在之后”。For e

21、xamples: behind the school 在学校后面； after 5 o clock 5 点之后； after the house 在房子后面（三）、 at 和 to 表行为对象时的区别易混词用法例句at 与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意。shout at 对大喊；laugh at 嘲笑Don t laugh at others. It is impolite. to 只表示方向，没有恶意She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她向我走来并且热情地跟我握手。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -

22、- - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流（四）、 of 和 in 用于最高级结构中的区别易混词用法例句of 后接数词或可数名词复数Tom is the tallest of the four. 汤姆是这四个孩子中个子最高的。in 后一般接表示地理区域的可数名词的单数形式Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。（五）、 to 的两种用法的区别易混词用法例句to 介词+名词，代词或动名词。pa

23、y attention to 注意 ； make a contribution to 贡献；get used to 习惯于； prefer to更喜欢； look forward to 期待动词不定式 +动词原形want to do sth. decide to do sth. （六）、 for, to 和 towards 的区别易混词用法例句for 常用在 leave, start 后，表示运动的方向或目的。They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month. 下个月他们将去北京参加会议。to 接在 go, come, r

24、eturn, move 等词后，表示目的地When did you return to Dongguan after the holiday? 假期后，你什么时候返回东莞？towards 意为“朝，向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思She walked slowly towards me. 她慢慢地向我走来。（七）、 but, besides 和 except 的区别易混词用法例句but 表示“除之外”，常与含有否定意义的词连用，当but 前有动词 do 时，but 后接动名词原形。We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待我们什么也做不了。except 表示“除

25、之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except 所带的人或物，前面常有 all, every, any, no 等词。All the students go to the zoo except Jim. 除了吉姆，所有的学生都去了动物园。besides 表示“除之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所带的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few 等词。I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。（八）、 of sb. 与 for sb. 的区别1、of sb. “ 对于（某人）” 用

26、于 It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系。It is very kind of you help the old man./ 2、 for sb. “对于（某人）” ，用于 It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for 后中的人物与形容词没有主表关系。It is important for us to study hard. 六、考点五介词短语介词在实际运用中常常

27、和名词、动词、形容词等词类构成固定搭配,这些固定搭配在句子中表现十分活跃1、介词与名词的固定搭配in a word=in short=in brief总而言之in one s life 在某人一生中in time 及时on time 准时 ,按时at sea在海上on foot 步行in surprise 惊奇地in a hurry 匆忙 ,急忙in silence 静静地in a low voice 小声地in public 当众in person 亲自in pairs 成对地in groups 成组地in the distance 在远处in the middle(center) of 在

28、中间 (中心 ) in trouble 处于困境in need 在危难中in danger 在危险中of course 当然 (可以 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流in fact 事实上in total 总共in+语言用- in the street 在街上on the road 在马路上by the way 顺便说in this way 用这种方式in the wa

29、y 挡道，碍事in a way 在某种程度上on the way to- 在去 -路上on one s way to在某人去的路上at the meeting 在会上in space 在太空 by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船in order 妥当 ,适宜 ,正常on display/show 陈列 ,展览in the daytime 在白天in the night 在夜间at night 在夜里at the foot of 在脚下in line 成一直线in a row 成一排at the table 在桌子旁at table 在就餐day by day 日复一日year by year

30、年复一年one by one 一个接一个little by little 一点一点step by step 一步一步at school 在上学 out of breath 上气不接下气 at the same time 同时by hand 手工 out of sight 消失 ,看不见out of work 失业 on duty 值日on top of 在顶上 on the+ 电器通过- on the left/right 在左边 /右边on the other side of 在- 的另一边on the other hand 另外一方面by the time 到- 时候on the othe

31、r hand 另外一方面to one s surprise/joy 使某人吃惊、高兴的是2 介词与形容词的固定搭配（前面一般有be 动词）careful about 小心sure about/of 肯定certain about/of 对有把握good at 擅长good for 对有好处good with 善于应付 - good to 对-友好thankful to 对- 感激kind to 对-友好friendly to 对-友好surprised/amazed at 对吃惊famous/known for 因而出名famous/known as 作为而出名ready for 为做好了准备

32、sorry for 对过意不去late for 迟到different from 与不同similar to 和- 相似the same as 和-一模一样be successful in=succeed in 在- 方面成功disappointed in 对-失望interested in 对 ,感兴趣=take/show interest in 对- 感兴趣proud of=take pride in 为而骄傲tired of 厌倦afraid of 害怕short of 短缺full of=filled with充满familiar to 为所熟悉satisfied with 对满意bu

33、sy with 忙于friendly/kind to对友好angry with 生-的气strict with sb, 对某人要求严格strict in sth, 对某事要求严格hard on sb 对- 苛刻3 介词与动词的固定搭配laugh at 嘲笑take part in 参加think of 想出think about 考虑，思考go on with- 继续 - worry about=be worried about为担心look after=take care of 照看 ,照料look like 看起来像look for 寻找-look at 看着look through 浏览

34、Look out of 向-外看look out 小心、当心look up 查阅come/get/run out of 从- 出来listen to 听- - hear from 收到来信=get/receive/have a letter from- arrive in 到达 (大地方 ) arrive at 到达 (小地方 ) get to 到达wait for 等候agree with 同意 ,赞同think about 考虑think of 认为；想出；come up with 想出catch up with 赶上 ,追上keep up with 跟上，紧跟come from=be f

35、rom 来自pay for 支付shout at 对叫嚷talk about sth 谈论某事talk to/with sb 和某人谈话speak to sb对某人说精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流knock at/ on the door 敲门play with 玩耍point at 指向point to 指向 ,表明shout at 对-叫嚷shout to 大喊某人h

36、ear of 听说look forward to 盼望get on with sb.与某人相处do well in=be good at 在学 /做得好fall behind 落后turn.into.=change into 把变成translate -into 把-翻译 - help-.with. 帮助做take/ catch hold of 抓住decide on 决定hand in 上交hand out 分发hand in hand 手拉手have nothing to do with 与无关have something to do with 与有关base on以面为根据keep- o

37、ut of 不让进入keep-( away) from- 使-远离 - leave -for- 离开 (去另一个地方) go in for 从事 ,致力于deal with（how）处置 ,对待do with (what) 处理，处置fill -with-充满 ,装满depend on 依靠 ,依赖 ,取决于tie.to.把系在上pass on传递smile at 对微笑believe in 信任belong to 属于look around 向四周看write to 给写信show-around 带领某人参观某地regard .as.把看作treat-as- 把 -当做 -对待prefer-

38、 to- 比起 -更喜欢 - 真题操练1、_ March 8, 2014, the flight of Malaysia Airlines MH370 got lost with 239 passengers _ it. A.On; in B. To; on C. At; in D. At; on 2、The foreigners arrived _ Shanghai_ night. A.at; at B. in; at C. in; in D. at; in 3、Connie arrived _ the village _ a snowy night. A.at; on B. at; in

39、C. in; at D. in; on 4、They usually go shopping _ their lunch break. A. against B. among C. between D. during 5、 What will you do _ the summer holiday? I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will _ in August. A.during; be held B. at; hold C. during; hold D. at; be hold 6、 Do you often go swim

40、ming _ Sunday morning? Yes. Why not _ with me this Sunday? A.on; go B. in; to go C. on; going D. in; going I was born_ a Friday morning. A.in B. on C. at D. for 8、Wow！ Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays _ October. A. in B. on C. at D. to 9、 My friend, Henry, was born

41、 _ June 10th, 1997. A.in B. on C. at D. for 10、 Welcome to our hotel ! I hope you ll have a good time_ your stay here. A. after B. during C. with D. since 11、Both of my parents were born_ 1970. A. in B. on C. at D. to 12、 When was you born? I was born_ a cold winter morning in 1996. A. in B. on C. a

42、t 13、 I hear our teacher will be back_ three weeks time. A. at B. in C. for D. after 14、 The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in _ the open windows making us feel in a good mood.（心情）A.on; B. with C. through 15、 The old man is a good swimmer, and even now he always swims _ the Pearl Riv

43、er after supper. A. over B. through C. to D. across 16、 Why are you standing, Alice? I can t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall toys are sitting _ me. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流A behind; B. next t

44、o C. between D. in front of 17、 Wushu is becoming more and more popular_ westerners. A. among B. between C. in D. within 18、 Is this your father home? No, he s working late_the office. A. on B. at C. of D. to 19、 I couldn t do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot. A. with B. without C. for D. to 20、 K

45、elly, who s the girl _ glasses in the photo? It s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair. A. by B. of C. on D. With 21、 It s time _ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please. A. to B. in C. at D. for 22、 Students are encouraged to share their learning experience _ their classmates. A. to

46、B. in C. at D. with 23、 You can improve your English _ practicing more. A. by B. with C. of D. in 24、 _ 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition. A. In; B. At; C. On D. for 25、 I like going to school _ my bike. A. in B. on C. by D. at 26、 After the final exam, Changchang, _ her mother, is

47、going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time. A. and B. with C. as well 27、 Bill has made great progress _ the help of his teachers. A. for B. with C. under 28、 Who did you go to the movies _ ？Nobody. I went alone. A with B. about C. for D. from 29、 Most people are_ building a p

48、aper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted. A for B. with C. against D. beyond 30、 The boy looks nice_ white while the red sweater looks good _ the girl. A.with; on B. in; on C. on; in D. in; with 31、 The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated _ different ways _ the same time i

49、n different places every year. A on; in B. in; at C. on; at D. on; at 32、 My aunt Jane tried her best to reduce her weight _ 6kg. A about B. at C. to D. by 33、 Your bag looks the same_ mine. Oh, really? It s a gift_ my father. Awith; to B. with; from C. as; on D. as; from 34、 . This problems is far_

50、 me; I am afraid I can t work it out. Don t worry, we will help you. A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between 35、 She had to sell the house even though it was _ her own wishes. A. for B. above C. against D. on 36、 Can I join Oxfam Trail-walker? Only if you are _ eighteen. A. over B. under C. blow D.