高考英语阅读理解精品练习(共8页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2014高考英语阅读理解精品练习（2）及答案（解析） C72013重庆卷 EIt is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnsons famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnsons observation is as

2、accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weatherspeak.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that “To an

3、 outsider，the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attr

4、active.Bryson is wrong, he says，because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English a

5、s well as the outsider.Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the English.Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weatherspeak is a system of signs，which is developed to

6、help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.Rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weatherspeak is a means of

7、 social bonding.72The author mentions Dr.Johnsons comment to show that _Amost commentators agree with Dr.JohnsonBDr.Johnson is famous for his weather observationCthe comment was accurate two hundred years agoDEnglish conversations usually start with the weather73What does the underlined word “obsess

8、ion” most probably refer to?AA social trend.BAn emotional state.CA historical concept.DAn unknown phenomenon.74According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that _ABill Bryson has little knowledge of the weatherBthere is nothing special about the English weatherCthe English weather attracts people

9、 to the British IslesDEnglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ATo explain what English weatherspeak is about.BTo analyse misconceptions about the English weather.CTo find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.DTo conv

10、ince people that the English weather is changeable.【要点综述】 本文通过对Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72D逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73B 词义推断题。Bill Bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。74D细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“The interest is less in the phenome

11、na themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75A写作目的题。通过对Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。(2011江西九校联考，E)Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbors，even pets, will all do the tri

12、ck, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr，who wrote that widowers(鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much

13、as seven years to a mans life and two to a womans. The effect holds for all causes of death，whether illness, accident or selfharm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart diseas

14、e can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesnt smoke. Theres a flip_side，however，as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple

15、of years following their spouses death，and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30year study of more than 10,000 people，Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social net

16、works have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex，affected by socioeconomic factors，healthservice provision ，emotional support and other more physiological (生理的)mechanisms. For example，social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system，leading to better, health

17、 and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner，children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still be

18、ing mapped out, but Christakis says：“People are interconnected，so their health is interconnected.”善于交际和拥有良好的婚姻关系和社会关系网络是长寿的良方。17Linda Waites studies support the idea that _.A. older men should quit smoking to stay healthyB. marriage can help make up for ill healthC. the married are happier than the

19、unmarriedD. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life答案：B。事实细节题。由第2段第2、3句“Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smoke

20、s more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesnt smoke.”可知答案。18It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 5, Para. 2) refers to _.A. the disadvantages of being marriedB. the emotional problems arising from marriageC. the responsibility of taking car

21、e of ones familyD. the consequence of a broken marriage答案：A。推理判断题。由第2段后半部分的“as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouses death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.” 可推断出说的是婚姻的副作用，故答案为A。19

22、What does the author say about social networks?A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.B. They help develop peoples community spirit.C. They provide timely support for those in need.D. They help relieve people of their lifes burdens.答案：A。推理判断题。由尾段内容可推知A项正确。20What can be inferred from the

23、 last paragraph?A. Its important that we develop a social network when young.B. To stay healthy，one should have a proper social network.C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.D. We should share our social networks with each other.答案：B。推理判断题。由尾段尾句“People are interconnected, so their h

24、ealth is interconnected.(人们是相互关联的，健康也是如此)”可推断出B项正确。C82012湖南卷 Harvard researchers have created a tough, lowcost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly

25、 alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science du

26、ring the 1950s and 60s. Decades later, however, plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags, or shortlived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centurie

27、s. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, fou

28、nd in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk lowcost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so

29、theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments. Theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for nonmedical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home. Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers, to give it new

30、 properties. 66. Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilks _. Aremarkable design Binteresting name Cmajor features Dbasic elements67. What has become a concern about plastic? AUsing it properly. BProducing it cheaply. CDeveloping its properties quickly. DEvaluating its contributions fairly.

31、68. According to the inventors，shrilk has great potential partly because _. Ait can help plastic degrade Bit can be found in living things Cits mass production has been realized Dits raw materials are abundant in nature 69. What are the inventors doing in the lab? AReplacing carbon fibers with shril

32、k. BTesting shrilks use in wet conditions. CMaking shrilk out of used household goods. DImproving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ARecent Progress in Environmental Protection BBenefits of Insects in Scientific Research CThe H

33、arm of Onetime ProductsD.A Possible Alternative to Plastic【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。66. C段落大意题。考查对段落主题的理解和判断能力。根据第一段Harvard researchers have created a tough, lowcost, biodegradable可以推知，选项C符合文意。67. A细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第二段however, plastics very durability is raisi

34、ng questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products可以推知，选项A符合文意。68. D细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第四段Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything可以推知，选项D符合文意。69. B细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章最后一段so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.可以推知，选项B符

35、合文意。70. D主旨大意题。考查对文章整体的归纳理解能力。根据文章第一段The materials could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.以及后文具体谈论的该材料优于塑料的内容可以推知，选择D符合文意。 C72013安徽卷 A The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert

36、 advice.1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2How many times did you was

37、h your hands or bathe yesterday?Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet pa

38、per to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3How often do you think about fighting germs?Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but yo

39、ur kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56.What is found out about American seniors?AMost of them have good habits.BNearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.CAll of them are fighting germs better than

40、expected.DAbout one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.57Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _Atwice a day Bthree times a dayCfour times a day Deight times a day 58Which of the following is true according to the text?AWe should keep from touching our faces.BThere are les

41、s than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.CA kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.DWe should wash our hands before touching a door handle.59The text probably comes from _Aa guide book Ba popular magazineCa book review Dan official document【要点综述】 这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。56D细节理解题。根据第一

42、项调查中“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大约有三分之一的美国老年人一天只刷一次牙。57D细节理解题。根据第二项调查中“4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend”可知，四次是医生建议次数的一半，也就是说，医生建议老年人每天洗八次手，故选D。58C细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知，厨房里的海绵比卫生间带有的细菌还要多。59B推理判断题。由文章内容可知，这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。这样的文章理应不会出现在“旅游指南”“书评”“官方文件”里，故排除A、C、D。流行杂志做这样的调查报告很常见，故选B。专心-专注-专业