高考英语语法-省略(共3页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语语法省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,省略在单项填空中频频出现。简单句中的省略1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略;其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (I) See you tomorrow.(3) (It) Doesnt matter.(4) (I) Beg your pardon.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .(2) (Is
2、 there) Anything wrong ?(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have:(1) Are you going there? -Yes, Id like to (go there).(2) He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised
3、 to (give me the chance).(3) Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.(4) He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he ought to have.4、省略表语 (1) Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).(2) His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.(2
4、) -Have you finished your work ? -(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略(1) ( Im ) Sorry to hear you are ill.(2) ( Its a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、主句中有一些成分被省略(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.(2) She must be busy now? -If so, she cant go with us.(3) Is s
5、he feeling better today? -Im afraid not.(4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not. 这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 并列句中的省略 两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.(2) I study at college a
6、nd my sister (studies) at high school.(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.其他省略1、连词的that省略(1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况。(2) 在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外,凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。2、在某些状语从句中,从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可省去“主语+be”部分(1) When (
7、he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.(4) If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again. 状语从句的省略原则主要是:如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句的省略。现象列
8、举如下:一、时间状语从句中的省略When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时,就开始学习弹钢琴。While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他,一个奇怪但有能力的学生When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后,来个电报Dont come in until (you
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