红外传感器设计(共46页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上目 录1122444667菲涅尔透镜10热释电红外线传感器的主要技术参数12热释电红外传感器的安装与使用1315151516171922242728293030323335363839专心-专注-专业红外传感器设计设计总说明发展到现在,已经为大家所熟知,这种技术已经在现代科技、国防和工农业等领域获得了广泛的应用。红外传感系统是用红外线为介质的,按照功能能够分成五类:(1)辐射计,用于辐射和光谱测量;(2)搜索和跟踪系统,用于搜索和跟踪红外目标,确定其空间位置并对它的运动进行跟踪;(3)热成像系统,可产生整个目标红外辐射的分布图像;(4)红外测距和通信系统;(5)混合系
2、统,是指以上各类系统中的两个或者多个的组合。红外线传感器包括、检测元件和转换电路。光学系统按结构不同可分为透射式和反射式两类。检测元件按工作原理可分为热敏检测元件和光电检测元件。热敏元件应用最多的是热敏电阻。热敏电阻受到红外线辐射时温度升高,电阻发生变化,通过转换电路变成电信号输出。热释电红外传感器是一种被动式调制型温度敏感器件,利用热释电效应工作,它是通过目标与背景的温差来探测目标的。其响应速度虽不如光子型,但由于它可在室温下使用、光谱响应宽、工作频率宽,灵敏度与波长无关,容易使用。这种探测器,灵敏度高,探测面广,是一种可靠性很强的探测器。本系统采用了热释电红外传感器,它的制作简单、成本低、
3、安装比较方便,而且防盗性能比较稳定,抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、安全可靠。在电子防盗、人体探测器领域中,热释电红外探测器的应用非常广泛,这种防盗器安装隐蔽,不易被盗贼发现,同时它的信号经过单片机系统处理后方便和PC机通信,便于多用户统一管理。本设计是一个以单片机为核心的红外报警系统,包括硬件和软件设计两个部分。硬件部分包括单片机控制电路、红外探头电路、驱动执行报警电路、LED控制电路等部分组成。处理器采用51系列单片机AT89C51,整个系统是在系统软件控制下工作的。设置在监测点上的红外探头将人体辐射的红外光谱变换成电信号,经放大电路、比较电路送至门限开关,打开门限阀门送出TTL 电平至AT89C
4、51单片机。在单片机内,经软件查询、识别判决等环节实时发出入侵报警状态控制信号。驱动电路将控制信号放大并推动声光报警设备完成相应动作。本文共分四章,由绪论开始,说明了本课题的目的、意义和研究前景,接着介绍了该设计的设计思路,最后从热释电红外传感器的基本工作原理和组成部分以及红外报警系统的设计等几个方面对红外传感技术进行了介绍。论文内容中针对热释电红外传感器的基本工作原理和组成部分进行了详细的说明,并对传感器的光学滤镜进行了简单的介绍,最后设计了由51单片机控制的红外报警系统,详细介绍了系统的各个部分的组成电路,并分析设计出了系统的主程序流程和主程序清单等。综上,本设计最终实现了这个由单片机控制
5、的红外报警系统,虽然对于其中很多地方来说还有待完善,但从总体来看该设计还是成立的,其功能也基本实现。关键词:热释电红外传感器;报警电路;89C51INTRODUCTIONInfrared technology development up to now, has been that are familiar to us, this technology has in the modern science and technology, national defense and industrial and agricultural fields has been widely used. In
6、frared sensor system is used as the medium with infrared measurement system according to the function, can be divided into five categories: (1) radiometer, used for radiation and spectrum measurement; (2) search and tracking system, used to search and track infrared target, determining the spatial l
7、ocation and tracking of its movement; (3) thermal imaging system, can produce the whole goal infrared radiation of distribution images; (4) infrared distance and communication system; (5) hybrid system, it is to point to of all kinds of system of more than two or DuoGe combination. Infrared sensors
8、including optical system, check components and transform circuit. Optical system according to the structure can be divided into transmission type and reflex two kinds. The test components according to a principle of work can be divided into thermal test components and photoelectric detection compone
9、nts. Temperature sensing elements is the largest application thermal resistor. Thermistors by infrared ray radiation temperature, when resistance changes, through the conversion into electrical signal output circuit.Pyroelectric infrared sensor is a kind of passive modulated temperature sensitive co
10、mponents, with pyroelectricity effect work, it is through the temperature difference between the target and background to detect the target. The response speed is not the photon type, but because it can use at room temperature, spectral response wide, wide frequency range, sensitivity and wavelength
11、 is irrelevant, easy to use. This kind of detector, high sensitivity, detection area wide, is a very strong reliability of detectors.This system USES a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its make simple, low cost, installation is more convenient, and properties of security is stable, strong anti-jamming
12、capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable. In the electronic security, human body in the field of detector, pyroelectric infrared detector is used extensively, this kind of concealment, not easy to be installed devices, it also found a thief signal after single-chip microcomputer system after
13、treatment for PC, facilitate communication and unified management of many users.This design is to a single-chip microcomputer as the core of the infrared alarm system, including hardware and software design of two parts. Hardware part includes single-chip microcomputer control circuit, infrared dete
14、ctor circuit, drive circuit, executive alarm LED control circuit components. The single-chip microcomputer AT89C51 processor 51 series, the whole system is in the system software work under control. Set in the infrared sensor monitoring stations in the body of the ir radiation transform electrical s
15、ignal, the amplifier circuit, is sent to the circuit switch, open valve threshold threshold send TTL level to AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer. The processor, the software in the inquiry, identify links such as real-time sends out the invasion judgment alarm status control signals. Drive circuit wi
16、ll control signal to enlarge and promote sound and light alarm equipment to finish the corresponding action.This paper is divided into four chapters, introduction, and explains the start of this topic research purpose, significance and prospect, then introduces the design idea of the design, and fin
17、ally from the pyroelectric infrared sensor basic working principles and components of infrared alarm system and the design aspects of infrared sensing technology are introduced in this paper. The content of pyroelectric infrared sensors in the basic working principles and components of the detailed
18、instructions, and the optical filter of sensor also briefly introduced, finally designed by 51 single-chip microcomputer control of infrared alarm system, introduced the parts of the system are analyzed, and the composition of the circuit design of the system in the main program flow and main progra
19、m list etc.In conclusion, this design achieve this by single chip microcomputer control system, although infrared alarm for many of them is to be perfect, place but overall the design or from established, its function is realized basically.Key words: pyroelectric infrared sensors;The alarming circui
20、t;The 89 C511绪论近年来,随着改革开放的深入发展,电子电器的飞速发展.人民的生活水平有了很大提高。各种高档家电产品和贵重物品为许多家庭所拥有。然而一些不法分子也是越来越多。这点就是看到了大部分人防盗意识还不够强.造成偷盗现象屡见不鲜。因此,越来越多的居民家庭对财产安全问题十分担忧。报警器这时正为人们解决了不少问题.但是市场上的报警器大部分都是用于一些大公司财政机构。价格高昂,一般人们难以接受。如果再设计和生产一种价廉、性能灵敏可靠的防盗报警器,必将在防盗和保证财产安全方面发挥更加有效的作用。由于红外线是不见光,有很强的隐蔽性和保密性,因此在防盗、警戒等安保装置中得到了广泛的应用,此
21、外,在电子防盗、人体探测等领域中,被动式热释电红外探测器也以其价格低廉、技术性能稳定等特点而受到广大用户和专业人士的欢迎。红外报警器大多数采用国外的先进技术,其功能也非常先进。其中包括被动式热释电型红外报警器,也即是本文将研究的产品2。还有红外监控无线报警器,超声波防盗报警器,红外线防盗报警器,高灵敏红外报警器,触摸式延时防盗报警器, 触摸式防盗报警器,红外报警器, 红外线声先报警器等。1.1红外传感器的发展前景和研究意义是利用红外线来探测物体的测量器件,内部发射特殊红外线光波,相当数据流,也就是数字信号转成红外信号-红外信号转成数字信号(达到控制,信号传输的效果)。 红外传感器属于精密型传感
22、器,它具有相当好的测量针对性。红外探测器应用可以用于非接触式的温度测量,气体成分分析,无损探伤,热像检测,红外遥感以及军事目标的侦察、搜索、跟踪和通信等。红外传感器的应用前景随着现代科学技术的发展,将会更加广阔.。在将来的发展中,主要在红外传感器的性能和灵敏度将会有较大的提高。发展趋势主要有:1智能化目前的红外传感器主要结合外围设备来使用,而智能传感器内置微处理器,能够实现传感器与控制单元的双向通信,具有小型化,数字通信,维护简单等优点,能够单独作为一个模块独立工作。2微型化传感器微型化一个必然趋势,现在应用中,由于红外传感器的体积问题,导致其使用程度远不如热电隅来的好。所以红外传感器微型化便
23、携与否对其发展前途的影响是不可忽略的。3高灵敏度及高性能在医学上,人体体温测试方面,红外传感器因测量的快速性而得到了相当的应用,但局限于其准确度不高而没办法取代现有的体温测量方法。因此,红外传感器高灵敏度及高性是其未来发展的必然趋势。虽然现阶段的还有很多的不足,但红外传感器已经在现代化的生产实践中发挥着它的巨大作用,随着探测设备和其他部分的技术的提高,红外传感器能够拥有更多的性能和更好的灵敏度,也将有更广阔的应用范围。1.2热释电红外线传感器的发展现状随着社会的不断进步和科学技术、经济的不断发展,人们生活水平得到很大的提高,人们对自己所处环境的安全性提出了更高的要求,尤其是在家居安全方面,不得
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