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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 薄冰高中英语语法之五 数词主 编 薄 冰 执行主编 庄志琳 葛炳芳 田绍慧山西教育出版社2014年最新版出 版 人 雷俊林 出版策划 苗补坤责任编辑 张荣荣ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4 语法学习交流微平台 纸介图书京东旗舰店 纸介图书天猫旗舰店 百度阅读手持媒体免费读专心-专注-专业丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗?不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。语法,顾名思义,乃是语言的法则和规律。学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处:第一可
2、以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从头摸索。第二可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而且可以知其所以然。第三可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。第四语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。丨那么应该如何学习语法呢?我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:第一基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念搞清,牢记在心。第二要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面,练习要着重说和写。第三学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介
3、词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。 第四要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。第五将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书,像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。第六实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的流利性。最后可能还会有人说,语法应该学,就是太枯燥。我的感觉是:开头有点枯燥,过些时候,就会像嚼橄榄似的,越学越有味了。如若不信,请试试看。 薄冰高中英语语法之数词目 录51 数词
4、的用法 基数词的用法 序数词的用法52 倍数表示法53 约数表示法54 单元练习Unit 5 数词 表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。数词与不定代词很相似,其用法相当于名词与形容词。数词有两种。表示“多少”的词叫基数词,如one,ten,fifty-two等。表示顺序先后的词叫序数词,如first,tenth,fiftieth等。5-1 数次的用法1 基数词的用法(1) 基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。如:Four of them went to the factory. 他们4个人去了工厂。(主语)I want two. 我要两个。(宾语) There are thirty
5、 classrooms in our school. 我们学校有30个教室。(定语) My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学18岁。(表语) He is only three,and he cant dress himself. 他只有3岁,不会穿衣服。 (表语)We three will go there together. 我们3个一起去。(同位语)但应注意:1以上的基数词作定语时,它所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如:The road is 16 meters in width. 这条路16米宽。18American students came to our school
6、 yesterday. 昨天有18个美国学生来到我校。试题解析: He wrote a _ report.A. two-thousand-wordsB. two-thousand-wordC. two-thousands-wordD. two-thousands-words 【答案选B】“数词连字符单数名词”相当于一个形容词,作定语。句意为:他写了篇2000字的报告。(2) 时间表示法:当分钟数超过30时,如8:31要表示成:差29分9点,介词用to,即:twenty-nine to nine;当分钟数不超过30(包括30),如8:29则要表示成29分过了8点,介词用past,即:twenty
7、-nine past eight。当表示整点时,要在基数词后加oclock。如,8点:8oclock。分钟数为15,45则用quarter。如:7:15a quarter past seven7:45a quarter to eight(3) 年的表示法:2000年:year two thousand1800年:year eighteen hundred表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后、年代前添加 early,mid-,late。如: in the early 1920s 在20世纪20年代早期in the mid-1950s 在20世纪50年代中期(4) 表示温度时,用below
8、 zero表示零下温度,温度用“基数词degree(s)单位词(centigrade“摄氏”或Fahrenheit“华氏”)”表示。如: four degrees below zero centigrade(-4) 摄氏零下4度试题解析: 1. Most of us came here _. A. in 1978May B. in May 1978C. on May 1978 D. 1978, May【答案选B】表示“年、月”时,用介词in,且先“月”后“年”。译文:我们大多数是在1978年5月来的。 2. It is not rare in _ that people in _ fiftie
9、s are going to university for further education.A. 1990s?鸦 theB. the 1990s?鸦 /C. 1990s?鸦 theirD. the 1990s?鸦 their【答案选D】表示“几十年代”用“in the 几十的复数”,而表示在某人几十岁时,则用“inones几十的复数”。译文:在20世纪90年代50多岁的人上大学不稀奇。 3. The hero of the story is an artist in his _. A. thirtiethB. thirtyC. thirtys D. thirties【答案选D】在某人几十岁
10、时,用“inones几十的复数”。译文:这个故事的主人公是一位30多岁的艺术家。 4. The doctor will be free _ .A. 10 minutes laterB. after 10 minutes C. in 10 minutes D. 10 minutes after 【答案选C】介词in+时间段,用于将来时中,表示“之后”。译文:这个医生10分钟后有空。(5) 数词的固定搭配。如:in one 合为一体one and the same 同一个on one hand 一方面 by twos 成双成对 in two 一分为二second to none 首屈一指 five
11、-star 一流的;五星的 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟ten to one 十之八九 a hundred and one 许多 one in a thousand 百里挑一 cut sth. in two 分裂(切割)某物为二in twos and threes 三三两两;稀稀拉拉It takes two to do something. 双方均有责任。two heads are better than one 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮2 序数词的用法(1) 序数词主要用作主语、定语、表语和宾语,相当于一个名词或形容词,前面要加定冠词 the。如:The first is
12、the best of all. 第一个是所有中最好的。(主语)The first question Id ask is how you knew him. 我要问的第一个问题是你怎样认识他的。(定语)I will choose the second. 我选第二个。(宾语)He was the fourth to come. 他是第四个来的。(表语)注意:序数词前用不定冠词的常见情况: 表示“又(另)一”(不侧重顺序)。如:Now tell me why you took a second arrow. 告诉我,为什么你手里拿着另一支箭?Mr Li,who is good at maths,h
13、as been called a second Hua Luogeng. 李老师擅长数学,他被称为又一个华罗庚。 在名次中排“第几”。如:You should try to get a first or a second in the examination. 你应力争在这次考试中得个第一、二名。 表示任何一个“第几者”。如:We dont allow a third to have a hand in this matter. 我们不允许第三者插手此事。This book reached me through a third person. 这本书是由第三者转到我手中的。 当“分数词”用表示
14、“几分之一”。如:A third of the students failed in the exam. 有三分之一的学生在这次考试中没及格。当分母较大时宜用one。如:one billionth。(2) 分数的表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用序数词要加-s。表示带分数时,先说整数部分,再说分数部分。如:1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds3 1/6 three and one sixth 2 5/7 two and five sevenths应当注意:分子和分母之间可加连字号“-”,也可不加。试题解析: 1. About _ of the work
15、ers in that steel works are young people. A. three fifthsB. fifth threes C. three-fivesD. three-fifth 【答案选A】表示分数时,分子是基数词,分母用序数词,分子超过1时,分母加-s。译文:钢铁厂五分之三的工人是年轻人。 2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth;is B. Two fifth;are C. Two fifths;isD. Two fifths;are【答案选C】第一个
16、空根据分数表达法的规则:分子大于1,分母的序数词加-s;分数作主语时,谓语动词根据分数后的名词的单、复数而定。(3) 编号表达法:简单的编号可用序数词或基数词表示。如:the Sixth Middle School 第六中学the third lesson / Lesson Three 第三课试题解析: 1. He is a student of _ . A. Class FirstB. the Class OneC. Class OneD. First Class 【答案选C】表示编号用“名词基数词”或“the 序数词名词”。译文:他是一班的学生。 2. We are going to le
17、arn _ next week. A. Lesson Twelve B. Lesson Twelfth C. Twelfth LessonD. the Lesson Twelfth 【答案选A】表示编号用“名词基数词”或“the 序数词名词”。译文:我们下星期要学第十二课。 5-2 倍数表示法(1) “一半”的表示法:常用“half a(n) 名词”或“a half 名词”构成。如:I bought a half pound of butter. 我买了半磅黄油。It takes half an hour to finish the work. 我花了半小时完成这项工作。(2) “一个半”的表
18、示法:常用“one / a 名词(单数) anda half”或“one and a half 名词(复数)”。如:Well finish it in an hour and a half (one and a half hours). 我们会在一个半小时内完成。 It weighs one kilo and a half (one and a half kilos). 它称起来有1.5千克。(3) “比大(或小)几倍”的表示法:常用“倍数 形容词的比较级 than”或“倍数 as 形容词 as”构成。如:Our classroom is four times bigger than thei
19、rs. 我们的教室比他们的大4倍。Our classroom is five times as big as theirs. 我们的教室是他们的5倍大。(4) 倍数+the+度量名词+of+比较对象。如:We were opposed by a force twice the size of our own. 我们遭到了比我们多一倍兵力的抵抗。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍大。(5) 表示3以上的倍数用times,但表示两倍时用twice。如:At 56 hes twice her age. 他56岁,年龄是她的两倍。
20、three times longer than sth. 比某物长3倍。(6) 倍数+what引导的从句。如:The length of the road is five times what it was ten years ago.这条公路的长度是10年前的5倍。The industrial output in the factory is more than three times what it was in 1990.这家工厂的工业产量是1990年的3倍多。(7) 表示倍数也可用again,double等词。如:My uncle is as old again as I am. 我叔
21、叔的年龄比我大一倍。It is more than double the 1986 figure. 这个数字是1986年的两倍多。The top-brand cigarettes are often sold at double the normal price here.在这里名牌香烟的售价经常比正常高一倍。5-3 约数表示法(1) 常用about,around,some及or so(放在后面)修饰数词,表示“相当”或“大约”。如:I live about 20 miles from the school. 我住在离学校大约20英里处。There are around twenty stud
22、ents in our party.在我们的晚会上大约有20个学生。After an hour or so, they came back. 过了大约一个小时,他们回来了。(2) 常用almost或nearly表示“将近”。如:We stayed there for almost a week. 我们在那儿待了将近一个星期。Nearly all the teachers came to the party. 几乎所有的老师都来参加了晚会。(3) 常用less than,under,not more than或not less than表示“不足”“不低于”等含义。如:Those under 1
23、8cannot attend the dancing party. 18岁以下的不能参加这个舞会。Less than 20 students have got the book. 不到20个学生已经有了这本书。He walked no less than 3 miles. 他走了3里之远。(4) 常用more than或over表示“超过”,not less than表示“至少”。如:He has lost more than 500 yuan. 他丢了500多元。Over 60 of the earth is covered with water. 地球的60以上被水覆盖。He has no
24、t less than 200 dollars. 他至少有200美元。(5) 常用only,no more than 表示“仅仅”、“顶多”。如:The child is no more than five. 那小孩仅仅 / 顶多5岁。John and I were the only people in the room. 约翰和我是房间里仅有的两个人。(6) 用to,from.to,between.and表示介于两数目之间。如:I will be back in two to three weeks. 两到三周后我就回来。That day he did not have a bite of
25、food from five in the morning to nine in the evening. 那天,他从早晨5点到晚上9点一口饭都没吃。I will come between twelve and one oclock. 我会在12点到1点之间来。5-4 单元练习. 选择最佳答案填空。(1) The Pacific Ocean had an area of 63 _ square _ .A. millions;milesB. million;milesC. million;mileD. millions;mile(2) What would you like, Tom?Two _
26、 bread and some tea, please.A. piece B. pieces C. piece of D. pieces of(3) China is _ larger than the United States.A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixesD. one sixths(4) I need _ cloth, for Im going to make _ clothes.A. a lot of;many B. much;much C. many;many D. many;a lot of(5) Take this medicine th
27、ree times a day and drink _ water, and you will be fine soon.A. a great dealB. a great manyC. plenty ofD. a number of(6) _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.A. Several million B. Many millionsC. Several millionsD. Many million(7) Many students signed up for the _ race i
28、n the sports meeting to be held next week.A. 800-meter-long B. 800-meter-longC. 800 meter lengthD. 800 meters length(8) The young dancer looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them.A. many of B. masses ofC. the number of D. a large amount of(9) He has been here for
29、_ .A. two and a half monthsB. two and a half monthC. two and the half months D. two and half a month(10) He will be back in _ .A. one day or two B. one or two daysC. a day or two daysD. one point five days. 完成句子。(1) The t _ month of a year is December.(2) On the Double N _ Day, Chinese people usuall
30、y climb hills.(3) We held a celebration to celebrate the _ (七十) anniversary(周年) of the founding of our school.(4) In the _ (19世纪70年代), Marx began to learn Russian.(5) That _ (180英尺高的) tower is leaning now. 翻译下列句子。(1) That project lasted four years and cost one billion dollars.(2) I will never give u
31、p, even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.(3) In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.(4) In the 1896 Olympic Games there are 311 competitors from 13 countries.(5) Now about 20%50% of the electricity which Egypt needs is produced from this dam.(6) 世界上最大的人工建筑的三大工程
32、是中国长城、埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝,此坝也在埃及。(7) 我们学校百分之九十以上的学生去年上了大学。(8) 学生们三三两两地走进了实验室。(9) AB线段是CD线段的3倍长。(10) 我们班级五分之三以上的同学是男孩。【参考答案】.(1) B (2) D (3) B (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) B (9) A (10) B.(1) twelfth (2) Ninth (3) 70th或seventieth (4) 1870s或1870s (5) 180-foot-high.(1) 这项工程持续了4年,花费了10亿美元。 (2) 即使再试一千次一万次我也不放弃。 (
33、3) 在巴塞罗纳,中国队获得了16枚金牌,其中12枚是由女子夺得的。 (4) 1896年奥运会只有来自13个国家的311位选手参加。 (5) 现在埃及所需要的百分之二十至百分之五十左右的电就是由此坝提供的。 (6) Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt. (7) Over (More than) 90 percent students in our school went to college last year.(8) The students entered the lab in twos and threes.(9) Line AB is two times longer than Line CD.或Line AB is three times as long as Line CD.(10) Over (More than) three-fifths of the students in our class are boys.
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