语言学习题(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Chapter oneMultiple Choice1. _, Father of modern linguistics, is known for his Course in General Linguistics.A. SassureB. ChomskyC. LeechD. Firth2. The traditional grammar rules like You should never use a double-negative are technically known as _.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. connot

2、ativeD. denotative3. The fact that human beings use languages to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication is referred to _ of language.A. displacementB. metalanguageC. dualityD. arbitrariness4. Which of the following pairs was pr

3、oposed by Chomsky?A. langue and paroleB. etic and emicC. synchronic and diachronicD. competence and performance 5. Macrolinguistics includes all the branches EXCEPT _.A. sociolinguisticsB. psycholinguisticsC. pragmaticsD. computational linguistics6. The functions of language DOES NOT consist of _.A.

4、 informative B. emotiveC. performativeD. prescriptive7. The fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning is technically known as _.A. dualityB. arbitrarinessC. creativityD. displacement 8. _ made the important distinction between langue and parole.A. Saussure

5、 B. MalinowskyC. HallidayD. Chomsky9. What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have?A. Informative B. EmotiveC. Recreational D Phatic communion10. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic beh

6、avior, it is said to be _.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. psycholinguisticD descriptive11. The term _ may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic linguisticsB. comparative linguist

7、icsC. diachronic linguisticsD. applied linguistics12.The Chinese phrase “茶，上茶，上好茶；坐，请坐，请上座” is an example of _ of human language.A. phatic communion B. emotive functionC. interpersonal functionD. metalingual function13. Which of the following is the major role played by human language?A. Emotive.B.

8、Interpersonal.C. Performative.D. Informative.14. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_. A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission15. Unlike animal communication systems, human language is .A. stim

9、ulus free B. stimulus bound C. under immediate stimulus control D. stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest16. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade” is . A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative17. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal sy

10、mbols used for human _.A.contact B.communication C.relation D.community18. _ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A.Pragmatics B.Semantics C.Sense relation D.Concept19. _ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A. Duality B. Arbitrariness C. Creativity D. Displace

11、ment20. Saussure took a (n)_ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A.sociologicalpsychologicalB.applied pragmaticC.psychologicalsociologicalD. semantic linguistic 21. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primaryB. correct C. secondaryD. stable

12、22. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. senseB. sounds C. objectsD. ideas 23. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is_. A. arbitrary B. non-arbitrary C. logical D. n

13、on-productive24. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C. speech is always the way in which every native speak

14、er acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above 25. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language 26. “I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago.” This s

15、hows that language has the design feature of _ _. A. arbitrariness B. creativity C. duality D. displacement27. “Dont end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _ rules. A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. transformational D. functional28. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate

16、 the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an ( every year be safe and happy), what the function of this idiom among the functions of language? A. Informative B. Interpersonal C. Performative D. PhaticFill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1. La

17、nguage exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a s_ study of language.2. L_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application

18、of the rules.3. In modern linguistics, s_ study seems to enjoy priority over d_ study. The reason is that successful studies of various states of a language would be the foundations of a historical study.4. Chomsky defines “competence “as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language. 5. D_ is one

19、 of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 6. Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication. 7. The discipline that studi

20、es the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s_. 8. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 9. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is general

21、ly known as a_ linguistics.10. Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.11. Linguistics is generally defined as

22、the s _ study of language.12. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. This famous quotation from Shakespeare illustrates that language has the design feature of .13. Hallidays metafunctions include .Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.1. According to C

23、homsky, competence instead of performance should be studied in linguistics.2. Duality is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.3. In the history of any language the writing system alway

24、s came into being before the spoken form.4. When language is used to get information from others, it serves an informative function.5. Descriptive linguists are concerned with how languages work, not with how they can be improved.6. Language is arbitrary by nature but it is not completely arbitrary.

25、7. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.8. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.9. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 10. We use the word “word” to talk about a word, we can talk about “talk”, we can think

26、 about “thinking”, this shows that language has a metalingual function.11. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 12. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 13. Syntax is different from morphology in that the

27、former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 14. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 15. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 16. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meanin

28、g not in isolation, but in context. 17. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 18. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 19. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.20. A diachronic study of language is the description of la

29、nguage at some point in time. 21 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the oral language. 22. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.23. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.Define the following t

30、erms.Linguistics 2. Phonology 3. Syntax 4. Pragmatics 5. Semantics 6. Language 7. Phonetics 8. Morphology 9.Arbitrariness 10. Displacement 11.Duality 12. Design Features 13. Competence 14 Performance 15. Langue16. ParoleRewrite each of the following lists of words into natural order.（1） Five /the /f

31、resh /potatoes（2） Pretty /American /girls /the two（3） Airlines /brand /France-made /new /the two（4） Fashions /Chinese /the /latest /three（5） Beginning /hardworking /two /the /workersAnswer the following questions in details.1. Why do linguists say language is human specific? 2. How you understand arbitrariness in human languages?3. Is modern linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? Why?4. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?5. How do you understand competence and performance ?专心-专注-专业