雅思阅读同义替换词大总结(共48页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 雅思阅读中同义替换词大总结1. 限制：limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten, constrict, cap, narrow(v.): 这个词大家以前使用的时候一般都是作为形容词来用，这里强调下它的动词的用法。. We are working on narrowing the gap between our points of view. 缩小差距. Were working to narrow down the list of possible suspects. The smoking causes t

2、he same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing.define (v.): 这个词大家以前熟悉的意思是给下定义, 这个意思和限制并不矛盾，什么叫下定义就是描述出一个事物的轮廓，所以定义就是在一个给定的范围内给一个事物限定的特定的意思。（define的英文解释： If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what i

3、t is like）. The Supreme Court decision could define how far Congress can go in trying to determine the outcome of court cases.cap (n./v.): 这个词最常用的意思是帽子的意思，作为限制的意思再形象不过了。. The government has placed a cap on local council spending.snow-capped mountains补充信息：魔兽世界（WOW）的资料片燃烧的远征（TBC）刚刚推出的时候，在官网上就有这么句话：An

4、increase in the level cap to 70 大家不妨体会下这句话中的cap的意思在NBA里面就有工资帽这种说法（工资帽的概念1984年被引入，NBA联盟和球员工会之间首先进行谈判，只有双方同意，工资帽才被正式公布。每年NBA的工资帽都在增加，1997-98赛季是2690万美元，上赛季是4384万美元，而如今则是4387万美元。那么什么是工资帽呢工资帽的具体数额和NBA前一年的总收入密切相关。具体来说，这个工资帽是根据NBA前一年的总收入，然后取这个总收入的48作为NBA球队花钱的资本，再拿这个48后的收入再除以29（NBA上赛季球队总数），得出的平均数就是当年的工资帽，各球

5、队花在球员身上的工资总额不得超过这个数字。）2. 集中，聚焦于：focus on, concentrate on, aim, spotlight, be engrossed in, lay/place/put emphasis on, deal only with, highlight, spotlight(v./n.): 本意是聚光灯的意思. A new report has turned the spotlight on the problem of poverty in the inner cities. The report has turned the spotlight on th

6、e startling rise in street crime. Unemployment is once again in the spotlight. The article spotlights the problems of the homeless.engross (v.): 全神贯注于某事. The scene was stunning, and for a time engrossed all our attention. He was so engrossed in his book that he didnt hear her come in.highlight(v./n.

7、): 本意为用高亮度标记. The incident has served to highlight the problems of urban deprivation.|highlight 作名词用表示一系列事情的亮点，高潮，最精彩所在，. That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip. The highlight of the trip was visiting the Great Wall of China.3. 现代的，最新的：contemporary, modern, current, present,

8、 recent, up-to-date, latest这里需要注意latest不要翻成最晚的，是最新的，最近的意思up-to-date(a.): 最新的. They have access to up-to-date information through a computer database.latest (a.):最新的. the latest fashions from the Paris catwalks.contemporary: 现代的，这个词准确的来说和最近的（latest）意思还是有区别的，不果的阅读考试大部分词考得都是词和词之间的相关性，其实也不太有可能两个词的意思是完全一

9、样的，一般来说只要他们意思相关，并且不发生矛盾的话，我们就可以认为他们之间是同义词。这也就是为什么contemporary会和latest在一组的原因了。4. 增长：grow, increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket,improve: 这个词在这里需要强调下，这个词在某些特定的场合下甚至可以表示下降的意思，例如：犯罪率在improve，像这种不好的事情得到了改善soar (v.): 飙升. The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks.rocket(v./n.):作

10、名词是火箭的意思, 动词: 直线上升. Stock prices rocketed to their highest level yesterday.这组词在阅读和写作当中可能会发生词性的变化，主要是形容词，动词和名词这三种间的转换。grow-growing-growth; increase-increasing-increase; expand-expanding- expansion; rise-rising-rise; improve-improved-improvement; extend- extended- extension; climb-climbing-climb5. 悲观的

11、，忧郁的： pessimistic, gloomy, depressed, depressing, hopeless, sad, blue, unhappy, low-spirited, mournful, dismal, miserable, glum, broken-hearted, down in the dumps(informal), pessimistic(a.):悲观的. Doctors are pessimistic about his chances of making a full recovery.gloomy (a.): 衰退的, 忧郁的, . Frank dismis

12、sed these gloomy thoughts from her mind.blue (a.): 这个词可以解释为蓝调即悲伤忧郁的音乐,不过只能用复数形式blues. She usually calls her mother when shes feeling blue.blue这个词还有高贵的意思，例如这个短语：blue-blooded 表示出生于皇室家族或者社会地位很高的家族blue book这个词大家可千万不要多想，它一般指英国官方发布的蓝皮书（封面通常是蓝色的）（yellow pages黄页即包含电话号码和公司地址的黄色封面的书）blue movie色情电影，不过这种用法差不多已经

13、过时了，现在一般都说porn movieblue chip 蓝筹股即表现优异的，或者值得投资的股票blue collar蓝领6. 加速，前进：accelerate, speed up, advance, hasten, quicken, develop, hurry, accelerate(v.)：物理学中的加速度就是这个单词. The decline of her health seemed to suddenly accelerate.develop (v.): 发展，也就是说现在的速度比原先的快才能叫发展，所以develop和和加速这个意思是属于相关词在这里需要强调一下，英文当中越简单的

14、东西，它的用法是越丰富的，这里简单列几个develop常用的几个词条develop liver disease 得病develop the pictures 冲照片advance(v.): 进步，前进. The groups research has done much to advance our knowledge of the HIV virus.7. 相似的，相同的similar, alike, resemble, same, resemble, identical, still(这个词需要体会), analogous, twin,alike (a.): . The two versi

15、ons of the text are alike in many ways. resemble (v.): . Soldiers are trained under conditions that closely resemble real combat.identical (a.): . This house is almost identical to the one where I lived as a child.still: 仍然 这个词放在这里大家不要觉得很奇怪，大家想想看，如果两句话用still相连接，是不是表示两句话当中肯定有相同的事情发生呢例：十多年过去了，我仍然后半句话我

16、没有写完，但相信大家都能看出我在十年后肯定有和十年前相同的地方。所以still是个信号词，是same的相关词analogous (a.): . Marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.twin (n./v./a.): 记住阿娇和阿萨就记住这个单词了，本意是双胞胎的意思. identical twin. the twin problems of poverty and unemployment/ Meet

17、 my twin sister. The opera twins the themes of love and death. Chichester in England is twinned with Chartres in France. 8. 颜色colour(red, blue, brown, etc.),hue, pigment, shade, tint, tone, dye, 首先需要和大家说明的是colour的同义词并不是很多，从上的变化来看，对颜色的变化集中在将colour变成几种具体的颜色，这需要大家在考试的时候尤其注意。hue (n.): 色彩/观点，信念. Her pain

18、tings capture the subtle hues of the countryside in autumn. political opinions of every hue (= of many kinds)表示深色的形容词：dark, deep, rich表示浅色的形容词：light, pale, soft, pastel表示颜色很鲜艳，很亮的形容词：bright, brilliant, vivid,shade (n.): 色调，颜色的深浅. a delicate/pale/rich/soft shade of redpigment, dye (n.): 颜料，染料tint和ton

19、e不需要掌握，大家只需要知道他们两个都是表示颜色的，只需要看到认识，不需要掌握用法。9. 重要的,必要的,必不可少的，关键的，有意义的，important,significant,seminal,weighty,critical,momentous,vital,essential,crucial,indispensable,necessary,key,pivotal, chief, principal, leading, historic, (反义词：unimportant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, insignificant)这组词不仅在阅读中很重要，在写作中

20、也尤为值得一提，这组词直接的或者间接的都表示重要的意思。significant (a. ): . Volunteer tutoring programs can have a significant impact on student achievement.significant还可以表示变化很大或者大量的意思：. A significant number of drivers still refuse to wear seat belts.critical (a.): 至关重要的，危及的. Foreign trade isof critical importanceto the econo

21、my.Eight people were killed and four are still in a critical condition.题外话：critical point在游戏中可以指暴击点数的意思momentous(a. ): 有意义的. The revolution taking place in Eastern Europe must be counted as one of the most momentous events of this century.vital (a.): . Regular exercise is vital for your health. The

22、tourist industry is ofvital importanceto the national economy. (of vital importance= very important)vital signs: 生命特征（判断一个人是否还活着，例如心跳，体温等）indispensable (a.): 必不可少的. International cooperation is indispensable to resolving the problem of the drug trade.necessary：这个词可以说是这组词里最简单，但也是最容易弄错的一个，很多学生都会说必要的和重

23、要的是有不同的：重要的不一定是必要的，但必要的一定是重要的。关于这点的解释大家可以参考上面的similar和same的解释。10. 紧急的，迫不及待的,临近的urgent, pressing, crucial, critical, immediate, emergent, pressing(a.): . Poverty is a more pressing problem than pollution.immediate (a. ): 急切的，迫切的，接近/临近的（这个词条非常常用，特别是后面接地点的时候，基本上都是表示接近和靠近的意思）. There is animmediate dange

24、rof war. It is a thriving shopping centre for the people who live in theimmediate (=local) area.immediate family: 直系亲属（父母， 子女，兄弟姐妹等）11. 长期的，慢性的chronic, persistent, long-term, habitual, long-standing, 反义词：acutechronic(a.): 这个单词的本意是慢性的，引申出长期的意思，或者说是这个单词的解释中包含长期的意思。. chronic heart disease. There is a c

25、hronic shortage of teachers. He was a chronic alcoholic and unable to hold down a job. /chronic gamblerchron-这个前缀和时间有关，chronicle 编年史（把历史事件按照时间来排列编成的一本书）（来自希腊神话中宙斯(Zeus)他老爸的名字：Cronos。该神害怕自己的子女反抗自己，曾吞食了自己的后代，就象时间的无情，吞噬一切-利用古罗马，古希腊的神话故事来背单词是种不错的培养兴趣的背单词的方法， 而且在的写作中有很多还可以用得上， 何乐而不为，在随后的词条中会陆续介绍）chronome

26、ter 计时仪（常用语科学领域的）habitual (a.): 习惯性的（养成习惯了，那肯定是长期形成的）. an habitual smoker/drinker/liar/criminallong-standing (a.): . a long-standing relationship/debate12. 人工的，人造的，合成的artificial, synthetic, false, man-made, manufactured, artificial intelligence(AI)=machine reasoningartificial (a.): 人工的. an artificia

27、l limb/flower/sweetener/fertilizer/colourssynthetic (a.): 人工合成的. synthetic rubberfalse (a.): 假的，错误的（在某些时候人工的，合成的，不就是大家眼中的假货么不是到大家有没有看过前段时间电视台的那个激情四溢的侯总，他说的仿钻不就是我们所说的假货么，大家好好体会） false teeth/hair/eyelashes etc 假牙/假发/假睫毛false friend: 就是来自一对不同两个语言的词（或者是两个字母表中的字母）看起来或者是听起来相仿，但是意义完全不同例如busboy看上去很像是汽车售票员，确

28、是表示餐厅勤杂工的意思（这样的例子还有很多）manufactured (a.): 人造的（其实manu-这个前缀本来是表示用手工制造的意思，但是随着时间的推移，这个前缀已经逐渐转变为用机器大批量制造的意思了，例如：The firm manufactures womens clothing.）. a news story manufactured by an unscrupulous journalist13. 联系,连接,绑定link, associate, connect, relate, tie, unite, attach, bind,tie (v.): . My social life

29、 and business life are closely tied.tie作名词有领结和平局的意思. The first game ended in a tie. Jason had taken off his jacket and loosened his tie.(=necktie)tie the knot 结婚(非正式说法，一种很形象化的说法：打上蝴蝶结，类似于我们中文中的说法：结为连理或者走进教堂这种间接的说法)attach (v.): 附加，固定. A copy of my resume is attached to this letter.attachment (n.): .

30、old peoples attachment to traditional customs 忠诚. Ill send the spreadsheet as an attachment. 附件. a childs attachment to its mother 依恋bind (v.) 绑定 这个词的发音和汉语解释绑定非常的接近，可以帮助大家记忆(Bind on Acquire/Bind on equipment打过魔兽世界的应该很熟悉这两个短语吧：拾取后绑定和装备后绑定)最后需要大家在写作中注意这几个动词和介词的搭配：link A to/with B; associate A with B;

31、connect A to/with B; tie A to B; relate A to B; bind A to B; 14. 足够的，充分的,大量的sufficient, adequate, enough, abundant, ample, plenty of ,considerable, plentiful, sufficient (a.): . sufficient time/resources/information 反义词：insufficient. Will the growth in output be sufficient to meet the increased dema

32、ndadequate (a.): . an adequate supply of hot water 反义词：inadequate. There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students.abundant (a.): . We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.ample (a.): 这个词一般都放在名词之前，不可以说A is ample.an office complex with ample parking这个词还可以用于幽默的说女性的身材很胖：a woman with an

33、 ample figureconsiderable (a.): 大量的，不要想当然得把这个词的意思想象成和考虑有关。这个词和足够的有些区别，但再次强调它和足够的意思并不矛盾，他们之间的关系很像necessary和important，在考试这种主要是考察考生语言和理解能力的测试中，一般来说我们不需要区分他们之间的细小的逻辑差别（负责不就变成律师资格考试啦）。. issues of considerable importance. Weve saved a considerable amount of money.15. 战争，军事，military,army,battle(field),arme

34、d forces,attack,combat,conflict,crusade,war, the services, armed forces: 武装部队/力量 arm本意是胳膊的，动词的意思是装备的意思（equip）,所以armed解释为武装的. Many of the gangs arearmed to the teeth (=carrying a lot of weapons). 武装到牙齿，这个说法很形象armed还可以解释为用知识或者技能来武装自己：. She came to the meeting armed with all the facts and figures to pr

35、ove us wrong.crusade (n.): 最初的意义是指11-13世纪之间欧洲天主教国家在解放耶路撒冷的口号之下对亚洲穆斯林国家发动的战争。到了现代，它的意义已经泛化，可以指代说话者认为具有正义性质的一切努力和行动。（十字军东征，参战者服装均饰以红十字为标志，故称“十字军”。其实这场战争并不是正义的）. They led an unsuccessful crusade against government corruption. a crusade for equal rights那么crusader是什么人，大家可以猜猜了解历史的目的是为了，里面的很多职业都是来源于历史典故或者神

36、话传说。一句话：学英语主要靠兴趣，无处不在的学英语才是学英语的最高境界。（不一定指游戏）attack (v.): 这个词相信不用解释，给出大家很熟悉的一句话：Our forces are under attack.the services：在军队中服役16. 隔绝，孤立，分离isolation,separation,detachment,disconnect,insulate,loneliness, desolate, remote, isolation (n.): . Because of its geographical isolation, the area developed its

37、own unique culture.detachment (n.): . He answered with an air of detachment.insulate (v.): 绝缘insulating tape 绝缘胶带lonely (a.): 孤独的（从而不开心的）， 注意和alone的区别（alone是表示一个人或者单单的意思，不是孤独的意思，例如travel alone）desolate (v.): 荒凉的，空虚的 . In some of the more desolate regions, half of the active population is out of work

38、.remote (a.): . remote control 遥控器；remote chance/possibility 机会渺茫；17. 表达，申明，陈述expression, statement, announcement, communication, declaration,declaration: . a ceasefire declarationThe Declaration of Independence 独立宣言（the document written in 1776, in which the thirteen British coloniesin America offi

39、cially stated that they were an independent nation and would no longer agree to be ruled by Britain. The most famous part of it is: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Li

40、fe, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.）18. 最高点，顶峰peak,summit,top,high point,crown,acme,zenith, highest point, 这组词在A类小作文当中很常见peak (n./v.): . Figures produced at a World Energy Conference showed that oil and gas production should reach a peak between 1985 and 2000. Wind speeds peaked at 105 mph yes

41、terdaysummit (n.): 山顶/峰会（就是国家首脑间的会议）. A summit meeting of OPEC leaders was called to find a solution to the oil crisis. Many people have now reached the summit of Mount Everest.crown (n./v.): 本意是皇冠（大家可以注意丰田有款车型就叫皇冠，车尾会印有crown这个单词）. crown prince（the son of a king or queen, who is expected to become t

42、he next king）crown princesscrown colony（acolonycontrolled by the British government）19. 脆弱的，容易受到伤害的fragile,sensitive,vulnerable,delicate,frail,weak,susceptible,tender, maximum risks, powerless, feeble, weedy, flimsy, rickety, jerry-built, badly made, fragile (a.): . Relations between the two countri

43、es are in afragile state.sensitive (a.): 敏感的，很多考生不明白脆弱的和敏感的怎么会是相关词，举个简单的例子：如果有篇文章中说南极的气候非常的敏感frail (a.): . frail body/physiquefeeble (a.): . a feeble light/voicesusceptible (a.): . Children are particularly susceptible to the disease.delicate (a.): . The sun can easily damage a childsdelicate skin.2

44、0. 有吸引力的attractive,charming,good-looking,inviting,lovely,pretty,pleasant,tempting, engaging(engage), inviting (a.): . an inviting smell (英英解释：something that is inviting is attractive and makes you want to experience it)engaging (a.): . one of her most engaging and least known novels. engaging smile2

45、1. fall, decline, descend, dive, drop, plummet, plunge, sink, decrease(improve),go down, slump, cut, dip,22. depend on,rely upon(on),count on,lean on,reckon on,rest on,bank on,23. 资金，金融，补助，福利，工资fund,finance,pay for,subsidize,salary,economic,welfare, wage, money, income, fee, 说白了，这组词都是和钱有关的welfare (n

46、.): 福利（健康和幸福），这个词不要和farewell 弄混淆了，这个词是古语表示再见的意思，有不讲述关于同性恋的电影叫Farewell, my concubine霸王别姬很多考生都会认为福利和钱还是有差别的，福利是无形的，钱是看得见的，不过从个根本来说，福利其实就是种金钱激励（至少西方人是这么认为的），所以welfare和钱是相关词。. Annabelle stopped getting welfare benefits when her husband landed a minimum-wage job.subsidize (v.): 补助（sub-这个前缀的意思表示：under or

47、below a particular level or thing）补助的方式有很多，但归根结底都可以用钱来表示，在这点上可以参考welfare. Farming isheavily subsidized (=subsidized a lot)by the government.wage (n./v.): 工资. The wage increases will come into effect in June. minimum wage/ wage-packet(an envelope that contains your wages)/注意：wage作为动词用，解释为发动（战争或者运动的意思

48、）. wage a campaign/struggle/battle etc；wage war (on somebody/something)24. again,once more,anew,afresh,in addition,25. 第一，最初，最早first, earliest, oldest, initial, original(反义词copy), introduction, commencement, pioneer, coin, launch, debut, pioneer (n./v.): 先锋 （也就是第一批做某件事的人），所以pioneer和first的关系也属于定义型相关. The new cancer treatment was pioneered in the early eighties by Dr Sylvia Bannerjee. He was apioneer in the field ofbiotechnology.initial (a./v.): 头文字D的全称就是Initial Drift(drift是漂移的意思). The two countries have initialled a new defence co-operation