新外研版八年级英语(下册)重点知识点总结(共24页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外研版八年级英语下册重点知识点Module 1语法：系动词:一是(be: am ,is ,are ,been ,was ,were),一觉得(feel),一好像(seem),一保持(keep) ,三变化(turn, become, get ),四起来(smell, sound ,look ,taste),后跟形容词.知识点：1.would like =want , would like to do sth=want to do sth . 想要做某事would like sb. to do sth .=want sb. to do sth 想要某人做某事would y

2、ou like .? 其后用some 不用any . 句子:Would you like to do sth .肯定回答:Yes ,please ./sure ,thanks ./Yes ,Id like to./Yes ,Id love to 否定回答:No, thanks ./Sorry ,Im afraid I cant .2.try to do sth .尽力做某事;试图做某事;设法做某事,但不一定成功.否定式:try not to do sth. try doing sth .试着做某事,看看会发生什么情况. have a try 试一试3.a bit 与a little 1)两者修

3、饰动词,形容词,副词或比较级,2)a little 可以直接修饰不可数名词,相当于a bit of 4.have a try 试试看, have a look 看一看 have a headache头疼 have a rest 休息 have a meeting 开会 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a fever发烧5.lots of =a lot of 很多,大量 ,常用于肯定句中.既可修饰可数相当于many , 又可修饰不可数,相当于much . a lot 相当于very much ,多与动词连用,修饰形容词,副词的比较级.6.提出建议:1)Lets do sth

4、.让我们做吧. 2)How about /what about doing sth ?做.怎么样3)Why not do sth ?为什么不? 4)Would you like to do ?你愿意做.吗?5)Shall we do ?我们做好吗? 6)Youd better(not) do .你最好(不)做某事.7.Thanks for sth. =Thank you for sth. 因而感谢.后V+ing . Thanks to 幸亏,由于,归功于.8.leave a message留个口信, take/have a message for sb.给某人带个口信.9.hear from

5、sb.=get /receive a letter from sb . 收到的来信 hear about /of 得悉,听说Hear out 听完 hear to 同意 10.cant wait to do sth .迫不及待做某事 wait for 等候,后接等待的对象,名词或代词wait to do sth .等着做某事 11.三到达 :arrive at (小地方),arrive in (大地方),get to =reach 注意:跟home ,here ,there 等副词时,不加介词. 12.quite相当,很,相当于very,区别, quite a ./ quite an .而ve

6、ry 只能放在a /an 后13.with 有,带有; 和一起; 使用等.反义词without 14. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的 修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课16.四个花费: take: It takes sb. some time to do sth. /It took sb .some time to do sth . Spend : Sb. spend some time/ money on sth Sb. spend some time/ money (in) do

7、ing sth. Pay: Sb. pay some money for sth. cost : sth cost sb .some money .17.四个也:as well 肯定,句末,不用逗号 too,肯定,句末,逗号可有可无. either:否定句末, also ,肯定句中,行前be 后.18.proud .adj. be proud of 为而感到骄傲 be proud to do sth .做某事很自豪. pride. n. take pride in .为感到自豪; the pride of .的骄傲.19.How do you feel about ?对感觉如何?与How do

8、 you like ?20.at first 起初,开始 ,常位于句首或句末,反义词.at last 最后,终于 first of all ,首先,用作插入语,说明顺序,后接next ,then , at first ,指刚开始做某事的时候,暗示后来的情况有所改变.21.few /a few修饰可数名词,little /a little 修饰不可数名词,有a 表示有,没有a 表示没有.22.way 的短语:in this way 用这种方式, in the right way用正确的方法, the way of 做.的方式 on the way to 在去的路上 by the way 顺便说一

9、下.23.be afraid of 害怕,后接名词,代词或动名词 be afraid to do sth .害怕做某事24.each other 互相 25.be nervous about 对感到紧张26.问外貌:What+do/does /did +主语+look like ? 问性格:What +be +主语+like ? 27.be friendly to sb. 对某人友好- 28.be good at =do well in 擅长,后跟doing sth .或名词。29.shake hands with sb.与某人握手 30.be good for 对有好处, 反义:be bad

10、 for .对.有害31.help sb. with sth .在某方面帮助某人, help sb do sth .帮助某人做某事32.make a lot of noise =make much noise发出很多噪音 书面表达写一篇文章介绍你的网友 ，内容包括：1. 来自于澳大利亚的悉尼；2. 年龄：15岁；3. 外貌：很瘦；眼睛很大；头发长且卷曲；4. 性格：很友好；很外向；5. 爱好：读书、上网与朋友聊天。注意：词数70左右。I have a net friend. She is from Sydney, Australia. The girl is fifteen years old

11、. She is thin with two big eyes. She has long fair hair. She is friendly and outgoing. She always has a big smile on her face. She likes reading and chatting on the Internet with her friends. She said that reading made her grow up as a person. I feel very happy when I chat with her. I like my net fr

12、iend very much. I hope I can go to Sydney to see her one day.Module 2语法：现在完成时：表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作，对现在造成的影响和结果，或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for + some time ,since，1.表示某人的经历以及过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never, already, yet ,just, before连用；2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+

13、时间段或since+时间点连用。结构：have(has)+过去分词，动词的过去式及过去分词在末尾加ed 规则是:1.直接加ed ; 2.以e 结尾的,加e ; 3.以辅音字母加y 结尾的,变y 为i ,再加ed ;4.重读,末尾辅元辅,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed ; 5,不规则变化知识点：1.enter参加,加入;进入,相当于join 或go into 2 .maybe=perhaps大概,也许.放句首.3.win ,后接war ,match ,game; beat 打败,击败,后跟人. 打败某人,赢得比赛4.ever 用于疑问句时,其答语如果表示否定,用never 回答.5.before 以

14、前. 从过去起的若干时间以前, 距过去某时以前,常和完成时连用 ago ,从现在起的若干时间以前 跟今以前,常用于过去时态中6.go on a holiday .去度假,强调动作. be on a holiday 也表示去度假,强调状态.7.afford 买得起,付得起,常与can ,could ,be able to 连用.8.stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做的事不做了.)不做. stop to do sth .停下来(正在做的事)去做某事(另一件事)要做9.what a pity /Thats a pity .多遗憾啊.10.think of 想起,起出,认为 think

15、about 思考,考虑 两者区别:1)当表示”想起,想出”时,两者可以互换 2)当think of 表示”认为”时, 不能用think about 3)当think about 表示”思考,研究”时,不能用think of .11. thanks for = thank you for+名词或动词ing 因而感谢你 Thank you for helping me.13.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to someplace邀请某人去某地.14.at the moment 此刻,现在,常与一般现在时或现在进行时连用.at that moment

16、 在那时,常与一般过去时连用.15.one of +形容词最高级+名词复数,最的之一,动词用三单形式.16.send sth .to do sth =send sb. sth 把某物寄给某人. 17. 5. the + 姓氏s :一家人，夫妇 , 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths are having dinner now.18. 1）have been to some place 去过某地(已回) ,后接once ,twice ,three ,times等表次数的词(短语)也可与just ,never ,ever ,连用,但不能与时间连用2） have gone to

17、到某地去了,(去了未回).3）have been in 已经在某地待了多长时间,常与一段时间连用.19.on ,in at 时间表达的用法:on 用于具休的某一天,及对早中晚进行了修饰后也用on ;in 用于年月季节,一段时间,以及单独的早中晚,如:in the morning ,in the afternoon ,in the evening ,at用于具体的时刻,几点,及一些固定搭配.20.ancient ,古老的,古代的, 反义词:modern ,现在的,当代的21.be different from ,与 不同, 其反义:the same as .与一样.22. find it +形容

18、词to do sth.发现做某事是的. 23.mix up 混淆,拌和,调和 mix with 和.混合 24.ask sb. to do sth .要求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth .要求某人不做某事25.ask sb. about sth .询问某人关于某事 ask sb. for sth .向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助 26.count down 倒数,倒计时27.sth happened to sb .某人发生了某事. sb. happen to do sth .碰巧做某事28.all over the world 遍及世界 29.aroun

19、d the world 整个世界30.the rest of ones life 某人的余生. 31.good luck好运32.make up 创造，编造 33.at the moment 目前，现在34.so far到目前为止，与现在完成连时 35.have a wonderful time=have a good time ,=enjoy oneself =have fun玩得高兴36.whats more而且 37.from to 从到38.the lack of 缺乏 39.around the world =all over the world 全世界40.交通方式的表达:1)ta

20、ke the +表示交通工具的名词,放句中,充当谓语.2)by +表示交通工具的名词,by sea /by water/by ship水路 by air /by plane 乘飞机3)on /in +限定词+交通工具.,on the bike ,in the car.4)动词+to +地点 动词:walk ,ride ,drive ,fly后接to 接地点.话题写作： 请你介绍一下游览北京的经历，内容如下： 1.北京在中国的北方，每年有很多人到北京旅游； 2.来过北京两次，跑遍了北京城； 3.爬过长城，到过颐和园(the Summer Palace)和故宫(the Palace Museum)

21、; 4.拍下了很多照片，与外国人用英语交谈过。 Beijing is in the north of China. There are many places of interest there. A lot of people come to visit Beijing every year. I have been to Beijing twice. I have traveled around Beijing. I have climbed the Great Wall. I have visited the Summer Palace and the Palace Museum. I

22、have also had conversation with foreigners and I have taken lots of photos. It was an interesting experience. I had a good time there. But I havent seen the Beijing Opera. Its a pity. I hope I can visit it again one day.Module 3.1.no problem 没问题 2.the lastest news 最新的消息3.in order to 为了 4.search for

23、寻找，搜索5.hunderds of 成百的 6. a small part of 一小部分7.none ,既可指人，又可指物,用于三者或三者以上，常用于回答以how many /how much ,none of 没有一个，no one 只指人.不与of 连用.用于回答who 开头的问句. 8.take a photo of =take photos of =take pictures of =take a pictures 9.so,与such的用法:1)当修饰可数名词单数时,用”such+a/an+形容词+名词.”或”so +形容词+a/an+名词.”2)当这些可数名词或不可数名词前有m

24、any ,much ,few ,little(表示少)修饰时,则用so .如:so many people ,so much money 10.in space 在太空中, in the sky 在天空中.e back 回来 12.look for 寻找 13.as .as 像.一样 14.decide to do sth .决定做某事 15.be named after以. 名字命名 16.take after与相像.17.be up to 正在做某事,忙于做某事 What are you up to ?=What are you doing ?18.be up to sb. 由.决定,由负

25、责 19.yet 副词,还,尚,用于否定和疑问句句末;already ,已经,常用于肯定句中或句末.20.Thats why,这就是.的原因 ,后接结果.Thats because ,后接原因21.on the news 在新闻上 22.on a newspaper 表示(某物)在报纸上23.in a newspaper在报纸里(的内容). 24.discover指发现原来已有但不为人知的事物;invent ,发明,即创造出前所未有的东西find out 查出真相,原理等 ,也可用于查看地时刻表等 ;find ,找到,发现,指寻找的结果look for 寻找 ,侧重指寻找的动作和过程.25.t

26、he noon 月亮,the +世界上独一无二的事物名词. 26,in order to 为了,表示目的, 27.message ,口头传递的或书写的消息,可数名词, news ,通过新闻媒体发布的消息,不可数, information,指在阅读,谈话中特别关注的消息,情报,资料等,不可数.28.hundred,thousand,million,billion只有和of 一起时,才加s,跟了数字,不加s.30.none代词,没有一个,没有一人,一点儿也没有.通常 用于三者或三者以上,既可指人也可指物,可与of 连用,可回答how many ; no one 只能指人,不能与of 连用.,可回答

27、who .31.三到达:get to =arrive in (大地方)/at (小地方)=reach 跟地点副词时不用介词,不用reach32.take a photo of sb. 给某人照相,而且是给他本人照相;take a photo for 为某人照相,不一定有他本人. 33.enough 修饰名词放在前,修饰形容词和副词放在后.34.alone作表语,独自一方,个体单独 lonely作表语或定语,心里孤单,寂寞.municate with sb. 和某人交流 话题写作： 随着时代的进步、科技的发展，人们的生活发生了日新月异的变化。未来的生活将会是什么样子的呢？谁都无法预料。请发挥想象

28、，谈一谈未来的日子里，将有哪些不可思议的变化。如：很多事情由机器人或计算机完成、在家购物、足不出户旅行请以“The life we cant imagine”为题写一篇短文。The life we cant imagine What do you think of the life in the future will be like? In the future there will be more computers in our houses. Computers will help us to know a lot about the world. We will be able to

29、 talk by e-mail. Scientists will make many robots. Robots can help us do the cleaning, cooking and washing. We can do some shopping or see a doctor without going out of our houses. The life in the future will be very good. For this, we will study hard and turn our ideas into reality. I believe we wi

30、ll be able to do this.Module 4语法：since 和for的用法, for 后跟一段时间, since 后跟过去的时刻或过去时的句子, 用since 和for 表示现在完成时,动词只能用延续性动词,不能用终止性动词.Come-be there, arrive in(at)/reach/get to /come to be in/be at , go out be out ,leave be away(from) beginbe on stop be over buy have borrowkeepopenbe open closebe closed join-be

31、a member of die-be deadcatch a cold have a cold get to know know become a tacherbe a teacher fall asleepbe asleep , get married /marry be married ,fall ill be ill. go to bed be in bedreturnbe back receivehave go to sleep sleep 知识点：1.sick 可作表语,也可作定语,修饰名词. ill 只作表语2.get a stomachache胃痛 toothache (牙疼)

32、headache(头疼) 用get/have a3 catch a cold感冒(终止性动词) have a cold 感冒(延续性动词) 4.take sbs temperature量某人的体温 5.do exercise锻炼6.be harmful to 对.有害 相当于do harm to 反义短语,be good for ,对有好处7.first second next ,finally 首先,其次然后 ,最后.8.take the medicine吃药 9.three times a day一天三次 ,一次,once ,两次twice 10. once a week: 一周一次 tw

33、ice a year:一年两次 这些表示频率的，对其提问用how often. 11.by 使用某种方式,方法或交通工具,后接名词,代词,或动名词 With 使用某种工具或身体某个部位,后接名词或代词In使用语言,语调,笔墨或颜色,后接名词或代词.12.take a walk散步, take a +名词=have a +名词 take/have a look看一看take /have a swim游泳 take /have a rest 休息一下 take /have a cup of tea喝杯茶.13. take part in 参加会议或群众性活动等, 可以与join in 互换Join

34、加入某人团体或,成为其成员之一.14.in the last few years 在过去的一段时间里, 相当于in the past +一段时间15.go for +名词,去进行某项活动 go for a run去跑步 go for a picnic 去野餐go for a ride 去骑马,去乘车 go for a trip去旅行.16.表示建议的句型:1）Why dont you=why not ? 2）What about ./how about .怎么样？3）Would you like 你想吗? 4）Lets 让我们吧!5）Wed better . 我们最好.17.in hospit

35、al 住院,强调事情,说明生病了 18.in /at the /a hospital在医院里,强调地点19.take care of =look after 照顾,照看 . take care =look out =be careful小心.20.go +doing 表示去做某事。 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼go skating 去滑冰 go shopping 去购物21.set up 创建；设立；开办 22.all over 浑身到处 23.feel awful感到不舒服 24. sleepy adj. 欲睡的、想睡的 I of

36、ten feel sleepy in class. asleep adj. 睡着的、睡熟的 fall asleep:入睡、睡着 I felt sleepy and fell asleep soon.25.from time to time 偶尔，有时 26.on the way 在途中，在路上27.all ones life一辈子， 28.tooto太而不能话题写作：How to keep healthy It is important to keep healthy .But how to keep healthy? Heres some advice. First we should ha

37、ve a healthy diet .We should eat more vegetables and fruit. We should have breakfast everyday and eat less fast food. Second, we should do more exercise. Such as swimming, running and walking. Third ,we should have good habits. we should get up on time and go to bed on time. At last we should have a

38、 enough sleep. If we can do like this. we will have a healthy body.Module 5.语法：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时的区别：一般现在时：标志词：always ,usually, often, sometimes , never, every day, on Sundays ,in the morning /afternoon,/evening,等。动词表现形式：be am is are, 动词原形, 动词+es/s。一般过去时：标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last,

39、 ago, just now ,in 2002等 ，动词表现形式： be-was/were V+ed, 不规则动词过去式 现在完成时：just ,already, ever ,never, yet 等， since .+过去的时间，for+一段时间 动词表现形式：have/has+过去分词。 .知识点1.in a happy way 以快乐的方式 2.the same as 和一样 3.climb up 爬上，攀登 4. cant help doing sht . 忍不住做某事 cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 5.Its time to do sth .到做某事的时间

40、了。 Its time for +名词.6.beat 宾语是比赛的对手， win 宾主是表示比赛、战争、资金、名次等。7.win the heart of sb.赢得某人的心 8.make a mess 弄得乱七八糟9.ever since 从那时起（一直到现在） 10.more than 超过，多于11.as well as 也；和一样。 13.lead to 导致；造成 14.lead sb. to do sth .引导某人做某事15.lead a .life 过着生活。16.be good at be well in 擅长17.decide on决定；选定 18.at first 起初，

41、开始19.mind doing sth.介意做某事 类似短语：finish doing sth . practice doing sth . ,be busy doing , suggest doing sth . enjoy doing sth . miss doing sth . look forward to doing. 20 Would you mind doing sht ? 回答：不介意：not at all/Certainly not /Of course not ,表示介意，Im sorry ,but I do.21.across 指从表面横穿 through 从内部通过。2

42、2.keep doing sth 坚持做某事，一直做某事 23.keep sb. from doing sth .使某人不做某事24.keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 25.help oneself自便，随便26.both of两者都 all 表示三个或三个以上 27.expect to do sht .期待做某事 28.最后：finally =at last =in the end 29.ones own 某人自己的 on ones own =by oneself =alone 独自地30.as well,也， 相当于too,前无逗号 as well as放句中，动词与

43、前面的主语一致31.be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎 be popular in.在有名望 be popular 因受欢迎32.handsome英俊的，主指男子相貌等 beautiful美丽的，指女子的美，也可指物。good-looking 好看的，主要用于人，不用于物 pretty,漂亮的，常用于女性，小孩或事物，33.protect sb. from sth .保护免受的伤害 stop .from /keep .from 阻止去做。34.the number of 的数量，后接名词复数，动词用三单，常用large或 small作表语 a number of 大量，许多相当

44、于many 后接名词复数，动词也用复数 35.with the help of,/with ones help 在某人的帮助 36.in the future 将来，未来37.ask sb .for sth .向某人要某物 38.next to 邻近 40.tell a story 讲故事话题写作：假设你是玲玲，你的美国笔友Jane在写给你的信中，介绍了美国卡通人物的情况，请你根据以下提示给她回复一封信。提示：1. 美国的一些卡通人物也为许多中国孩子所喜欢，如唐老鸭（Donald Duck）、米老鼠（Mickey Mouse）、猫和老鼠。2.你最喜欢机智勇敢的猴王（Monkey King）与哪

45、吒（Nezha）,要求：80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。Dear Jane, Thank you for telling me so much about cartoon characters from America. We like Some of the characters . Such as, Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse, Tom and Jerry. They are famous in China. China has also many cartoon heroes. All of them I like Monkey King and Nezha best because they are brave and clever. They can beat all the bad people. I believe yo